讲与练18 记叙文阅读策略攻略(原卷版)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(版).docx

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1、2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）18记叙文阅读策略攻略【高频考点回顾】一、记叙文的类别记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要手法，以记人、叙事为主要内容的文章。1 .传记传记属记叙文的一种，是用来记载人物生平事迹的文章。在教学过程中，教师要指导学生通过时间和事 件的关系把握文章的主线。此类体裁的文章通常被分为四部分，即A. childhood years B. early manhood C. great achievement D. remarkso教师应当引导学生按照下列主线来理解传记类文章：人物一时间与事件一成 功/成就/信仰一评价。这样使学生在准确地理解课文的同时，也能学到传记类文章的

2、写作方法。2 .故事类故事类文章也是记叙文的一种。文章多以人物、事件为中心，以时间和空间为线索，按事件的发生、发 展、结局展开故事。此类篇章情节性较强，教师可指导学生按照事件叠加、情节逐步展开的特点和解决问 题，以人物一系列动作为线索的显著特征进行略读，即可以较快地获得篇章的主要信息。然后，教师再引 导学生按照situation-problem-actions一conclusion迅速、准确地理解和掌握文章的细节。二、阅读“八字诀”1 .综观一一握要。首先着眼于文章的整体，注意理清内部的相互关系，从宏观上居高临下地驾驭文章, 领会文章的主旨内涵。其次还要看文章的作者、写作时间和文后的注释等，特

3、别要浏览一下后面问了哪些 问题，从题目的选项中揣测文章的主旨，明确作者的主要写作意图。2 .理脉分层。磨刀不误砍柴功。把握了全篇的主旨，理清了文章的脉络，再解答后面的问题，就 如顺风行船，事半功倍。可是有些考生不在这方面下功夫，走马观花地看一遍文章，似懂非懂，就急于解 答后面的问题，结果是欲速则不达，不仅费时费力，还容易答错。3 .检索筛选。先看题目涉及到文中哪些段落或区域，确定对应的语句，题目一般是从选文里有可 能被考生忽略且又不一定真懂的地方抽出来编成各种形式的问题，用来考查学生的理解能力。答案要从选 文里找，准确抓住关键语句。只要认真揣摩上下文意，大多数题目的答案在原文中是能够“抠”出来

4、的。4整合审查。应注意几点答题要求：1、看是否要用自己的话；2、看要求是否有字数限制（没有要 求在简练的基础上多多益善）；3、注意表述的范围、角度和方式，用规范的语言表达。三、要求能力C. Self-confidence should come first on the road to success.D. Family support and determination help one achieve a goal.6Running can be a polarizing （两极分化的）subject. Most people fall into one of two camps: tho

5、se who love running every morning, and those who would sooner do anything to avoid it. For most of my life, I was planted in the second camp.I always hated running. At age 12, I remember entering a neighborhood 5K with my dad; I also remember placing dead last, followed by only the police car drivin

6、g patiently behind me. Three years later, I didnt make the junior volleyball team because I couldnt run a mile in under 10 minutes. Every time I ran, I felt as though failure in some form or another was the only possible result.The summer after my freshman year, though, I took a job at a summer camp

7、 in Connecticut, where I got paid to be a kid again. I spent my days keeping an eye on different camp activities. When it came to exercise, running was my only choice. So, I made myself a promise: Every day, I would run for a while. By most runners* standards, it wasn*t far; I guessed it was only ab

8、out a mile. But I decided to do it every day, no matter how long it took. The exercise lasted for 61 days 一 the entire time I spent at camp that summer.I started to feel better about myself. But to my great surprise, I learned to love running, too. I went from fearing the sport to loving it. Fve fin

9、ished seven marathons （马拉松）and more shorter races than I can remember, and now I am a running coach. These were the secrets I discovered to changing my way of looking at life.21. What was the authors attitude to running at first?A. He deeply loved it.B. He refused to do it.C. He was uninterested in

10、it.D. He thought it was a waste of time.22. What can we say about the author from paragraph 2?A. He didn!t like to do any sport.B. He didnt believe he could do sports.C. He didnt do well in running-related sports.D. He didnt join in the volleyball team on purpose.23. What decision did the author mak

11、e in the camp?A. To run every day.B. To do a part-time job.C. To fully relax himself in the camp.D. To take part in different activities.24. How does the author look at running after the camp?A. It is a difficult thing to do.B. It has become a boring sport.C. It makes no difference to him.D. It has

12、changed his life in a good way.7This is a story Ive told in class every February since I started teaching in 1999.“In sixth grade, I fell madly in love with David, a tall and cute boy, who seemed to have no interest in me at all. But I doodled（信手涂鸦）his name all over my diary. Then it was Valentines

13、Day, elementary school style. It was party day. I spilled my cards onto my desk, and amid many small envelopes, I saw one enormous one, spangled（缀 满闪光的饰片的）with glitter. My mind raced: Wowsomeone likes me enough to buy me this giant valentine. Who could it be from?9 With trembling hands, I drew out t

14、he sparkly content whose heading read J To a Queen of a Valentine/ I turned the valentine over, and at the bottom I saw the signature and almost fainted: David.Then my eyes traveled up to the writing above his signature. In large, uneven letters, he had written me a special message, uTo the Ugliest

15、Girl in Our Class.“There are audible gasps. Mouths drop open. Some look down at their desks, seemingly embarrassed for me. “What did you do?” asks a brave soul.“What do you think? I say. My eyes filled with tears. My nose was stinging, my cheeks burning.I was devastated- maybe he and his friends wer

16、e watching me, eager to see how I would react. They nod 1.“And thats why were going to have a party. A party that celebrates kindness instead of cruelty.,I smile.Their eyes light up. They are willing to let me take them wherever I am going. I hand out construction paper so they can make cards for Va

17、lentine exchange. I can prove that no one has more fun in school than an 18-year-old given permission to be ten again.Looking on as they compose each message is always a treat. But the real fun comes when they read what people wrote to them. Watching a shy kid tentatively open a card and then breaki

18、ng to a big grin（咧嘴笑）is worth all of the efforts.And whatever hurt David intended for me all those years ago, it has now been canceled out, many times over. （Ive always received favorable feedback from the previous students and their parents about the Valentines exchanges.） I think he would be start

19、led by his legacy.25. What do we know from Paragraph 2?A. Kids all received valentine cards on Valentines Day.B. The writer were excited to receive a card from David.C. David used to have a crush on the writer.D. Fear captured the writer when she saw David”.26. Which of the following fits the gap in

20、 Paragraph 6?A. hastilyB. admirablyC. hardlyD. sympathetically27. What result is likely after the students share the teachers story?A. Kindness will be practiced by the students and spread.B. The teacher has a sense of fulfillment merely for all her own efforts.C. They will compose Valentine message

21、s like the elementary school kids did.D. Honest remarks about their classmates will be on the Valentines.28. What does the ending paragraph imply?A. The writer has discovered the credit side of David teasing her.B. David shook the little faith in the writer, but she is grateful to him.C. The writer

22、has forgiven David since she experienced more. D. Parents used to learn the same lesson as the writer did.8Zhang Lin, 25, is from a village in the mountainous province of Yunnan, southwest China. She escaped from her first marriage, which she was forced into by her parents. Later on, she got married

23、 once again, this time for love. However, she had to leave this marriage too because her second husband could not accept her son from her first marriage. The only thing Zhang has never given up on is the attitude of being independent.“I want to provide a good life fbr people I love, Zhang said. Wome

24、n must be financially （经济上） independent. I will buy a car and an apartment by myself. I wont depend on any-one. ”Standing tall at under 1.6 meters, Zhang makes her living as a truck driver. She usually starts driving at night from Wenzhou in Zhejiang Province, and drives for 8.5 hours all the way to

25、 Quanzhou, about 500 km to the south. Before she got the job, people doubted whether such a tiny woman could drive such a big truck. However, this job for Zhang is her best option to shake off poverty.“Its quite unusual. She is an inspiring young woman. Shes not going to take no fbr an answer,Oscar-

26、winning director Malcolm Clarke said. As a filmmaker, he wants to find people who are engaging, charming, interesting and entertaining. Many Chinese women are quite inticent to talk about themselves. But she was not shy;she was very active; very open about her difficulties.She is really special and

27、quite typical of many Chinese women who are very driven （发愤图强的）,Clarke said.For Clarke, Zhang stands for many of those rural （农村的）Chinese who leave behind their hometowns and look for a better life. The documentary 移己录片）also explores several more persons who hold different views on what is a “good l

28、iffe”.29. Why does Zhang take the job as a truck driver seriously?A. She doesnt mind a boring job.B. It makes her live independently.C. It can help her shake off her marriage.D. She wants to buy a car for her husband.30. Which can replace the underlined word “reticent“ in paragraph 3?A. Quiet.B. War

29、m-hearted. C. Outgoing.D. Helpless.31. What can we learn about Chinese females from the words of Clarke?A. They can take over males field.B. They can control the society.C. They are respectable.D. They are always shy.32. What is the best title for the text?A. How one tiny woman stands tall.B. How wo

30、men achieved a good life.C. An easy-going woman.D. An unfortunate Chinese rural female.1 .理解语篇主旨大意2 .理解文章具体信息3 .根据上下文推断生词的词义4 .做出简单判断和推理5 .理解文章的基本结构6 .理解作者的观点、意图和态度四题型动态1 .主旨大意题文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首，文中，文尾，没有明确主旨，需总结。虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同, 但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种：Whafs the main idea/subject/topic of the passage?The main

31、idea of the passage is.The passage is mainly about.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?The best title for the passage is/ might be.The authors main purpose of writing this passage is做题要领：文章主旨通常会出现在文首，文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的键。但当文中没有 直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括

32、主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题，言过其实或以偏概全。2 .细节理解题这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出，因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查 找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出：Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage?Which of the following is (not) discussed/Mentioned in the passage?According to the passage, what/where/Which/who/why/when/how.

33、?All of the following are (not) true / mentioned / discussed except.How does the author/writer feel about?3 .词义/语义判断题这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种:According to the author, the underlined word. meansFrom the passage, we can infer that the word”.is.“ can be best replaced byWhat does the author probably mean by.”?B

34、y”, the author means that做题要领做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。根据周围熟悉的词 及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。4 .推断题以原文内容为前提，透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。根据作者的观点理论客 观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推断题的常见形式：It can be inferred / concluded from the text thatFrom the text we know that.The passage implies thatThe para

35、graph following the passage will most probably discusses解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。5 .观点态度题回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中，作 者的态度才会显得多种多样.可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。常见的态度词语有：positive support approval（赞同的）optimisticcritical negative tolerant disappointedpessimistic（悲观的）indi 伍 ren

36、t（冷淡的）doubtfulNeutral（中立的）objective（客观的）这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种：Whafs the authors/writers attitude to.?The author thinks/suggests/believes that.How does the author feel about.?Which of the following will the author agree / disagree with?Which of the following can best describe the authors attitude towards.

37、?【高频考点强化】1One day last summer, I remembered something happened when I was young watching the boys and girls trying to catch butterflies （蝴蝶）.When I was a boy of 12 in South Carolina, something happened to me that cured （治愈， 纠正） me forever of wanting to put any wild creature in a cage （笼子）.We lived o

38、n the edge of a wood, and every evening at dusk a mockingbirds （知更鸟）with beautiful feather （羽毛） would come and rest in the trees and sing. No musician can sing more beautiful than the birds. I decided that I would catch a young bird and keep it in a cage and in that way I would have my own private （

39、私人的） musician.I finally succeeded in catching one and put it in a cage. At first, the bird flew above the cage, but eventually it settled down in its new home. I felt very pleased with myself and looked forward to some beautiful singing from my little musician.I had left the cage out, and on the sec

40、ond day my new pefs mother flew to the cage with food in her mouth. The baby bird ate everything she brought to it. I was pleased to see this. Certainly the mother knew better than I how to feed her baby.The following morning when I went to see how my bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of

41、the cage, dead. I was shocked! What had happened! I had taken good care of my little bird.Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had occurred. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cag

42、e, will sometimes bring it poison berries （毒浆果）.She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in a cage.”Never since then have I caught any living creature and put it in a cage. All living creatures have a right to live free.1. Why did the writer catch a mockingbird when he was a boy of 12?

43、A. He had just got a new cage.B. He liked its beautiful feather.C. He wanted a pet for company.D. He wanted the bird to sing for him.2. The mockingbird died because it.A. ate the poison berries I gave itB. miss her mother too much.C. refused to eat foodD. ate the poisonous food its mother gave it3.

44、The underlined word “ornithologist“ probably means.A. a religious （宗教的）personB. a kind personC. an expert （专家）in birdsD. a schoolmaster （校长）4. What is the most important lesson the writer learned from the incident?A. Freedom is very valuable to all living things.B. All birds put in a cage wont live

45、long.C. You should keep the birds from their mother.D. Be careful about food you give to baby birds.2People often say that man can change nature or human being is the king of nature. According to the power of nature, however, man cannot live without nature that is offering man with fresh air to brea

46、the, clean water to drink and various food to eat. Besides, animals in nature can help our human in some way.One man shared his story with some special animals on TikTok.Ten months ago, Ben started living on his own in Sydney because of the outbreak of the COVID-19. He was feeling very lonely during

47、 lockdown （封锁）-he missed his families and friends so much-and thafs when the birds started visiting him.At first it was just one. He began interested in the regular friend and named it Peter.“I couldnt leave for the next hour and a half-I just sat there just let him play. Its full of life and hope,“

48、 Ben told ABC News.Over the next few months, Peter would come and go. Eventually, Peter started bringing his “girlfiriend”.“That was a turning point,“ he said. And it was strange, because it was when I started to really feel my loneliness in lockdown that the birds were coming more and more often. And whether or not that happened by chance, thats when I started to take notice of them. They saved me from the deep and helpless loneliness and b