讲与练18 记叙文阅读策略攻略(解析版)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(版).docx

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1、2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）18记叙文阅读策略攻略【高频考点回顾】一、记叙文的类别记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要手法，以记人、叙事为主要内容的文章。1 .传记传记属记叙文的一种，是用来记载人物生平事迹的文章。在教学过程中，教师要指导学生通过时间和事 件的关系把握文章的主线。此类体裁的文章通常被分为四部分，即A. childhood years B. early manhood C. great achievement D. remarkso教师应当引导学生按照下列主线来理解传记类文章：人物一时间与事件一成 功/成就/信仰一评价。这样使学生在准确地理解课文的同时，也能学到传记类文章的

2、写作方法。2 .故事类故事类文章也是记叙文的一种。文章多以人物、事件为中心，以时间和空间为线索，按事件的发生、发 展、结局展开故事。此类篇章情节性较强，教师可指导学生按照事件叠加、情节逐步展开的特点和解决问 题，以人物一系列动作为线索的显著特征进行略读，即可以较快地获得篇章的主要信息。然后，教师再引 导学生按照situation-problem-actions一conclusion迅速、准确地理解和掌握文章的细节。二、阅读“八字诀”1 .综观一一握要。首先着眼于文章的整体，注意理清内部的相互关系，从宏观上居高临下地驾驭文章, 领会文章的主旨内涵。其次还要看文章的作者、写作时间和文后的注释等，特

3、别要浏览一下后面问了哪些 问题，从题目的选项中揣测文章的主旨，明确作者的主要写作意图。2 .理脉分层。磨刀不误砍柴功。把握了全篇的主旨，理清了文章的脉络，再解答后面的问题，就 如顺风行船，事半功倍。可是有些考生不在这方面下功夫，走马观花地看一遍文章，似懂非懂，就急于解 答后面的问题，结果是欲速则不达，不仅费时费力，还容易答错。3 .检索筛选。先看题目涉及到文中哪些段落或区域，确定对应的语句，题目一般是从选文里有可 能被考生忽略且又不一定真懂的地方抽出来编成各种形式的问题，用来考查学生的理解能力。答案要从选 文里找，准确抓住关键语句。只要认真揣摩上下文意，大多数题目的答案在原文中是能够“抠”出来

4、的。4整合审查。应注意几点答题要求：1、看是否要用自己的话；2、看要求是否有字数限制（没有要 求在简练的基础上多多益善）；3、注意表述的范围、角度和方式，用规范的语言表达。三、要求能力B. We settled down at the cost of punishment.C. We led a comfortable life in Britain.D. We didnt have much time fbr the declaration.14. Which of the following statements is TRUE of Heinz Wolff according to th

5、e passage?A. He used to major in physics and physiology.B. His family left Berlin after World War IT began.C. He invented a machine while in University College London.D. His interest lay in helping those living in war-stricken areas.15. Heinz Wolff didnt mind looking ridiculous as long as.A. he coul

6、d keep being curious about the worldB. he could combine entertainment and technologyC. he could help arouse childrens interest in scienceD. he could appear on TV to judge scientific competitions16. Which of the following can best Heinz Wolff?A. Aggressive.B. Passionate.C. Optimistic.D. Pioneering.【答

7、案】AACD【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了生物工程学的先驱海因茨沃尔夫教授的生平和贡献。13 .词句猜测题。根据画线句前的Bom in Berlin in 1928, Heinz Wolff was the son of Jewish parents. His mother died in 1938, and the next year the family fled. They arrived in Britain on the day war was declared.”可知, 沃尔夫 1928年出生于柏林，父母是犹太人。他的母亲于1938年去世，第二年全家逃亡，他们在宣战当天到达了英

8、国，由此可知画线句的意思是“及时逃离了德国“，故选A。14 .细节理解题。根据第二段“He went on to study at University College London and graduated with a first in physics and physiology（他继续在伦敦大学学院学习，并以物理学和生理学第一名的成绩毕业）可知，沃 尔夫曾主修物理学和生理学，故选A。15 .细节理解题。根据最后一段he said hed be happy to dress up as a clown if it got children interested in science.（

9、他说他很乐意打扮成小丑如果它能让孩子们对科学感兴趣）可知，只要能引起孩子们对科学的兴 趣，沃尔夫就不在乎自己的外表有多滑稽，故选C。16 .推理判断题。根据第一段Professor Heinz Wolff, who has died aged 89, was a bioengineering pioneer.（享 年89岁的海因茨沃尔夫教授是生物工程学的先驱）可知，沃尔夫的贡献是开创性的，故选D。Never had I considered going to university when I was growing up. I was born prematurely as my mothe

10、r had cancer. Sadly, she passed away six months later. I was the youngest of 12 children. Growing up, we didnt have much but we could make do with what we had. Times may have been tough, but I didnt notice it much, because T just loved being with my family.I got married at 23. Unfortunately, my husb

11、and passed away seven years later. As a single mother of four children, I had many dark days and times to struggle. During their high school years, my children went to work after school, to help me pay school fees and household bills. It was really hard, but none of them complained.My eldest son, Jo

12、shua, took an apprenticeship （学徒工作）as a butcher. He told me that once he was finished, he planned on going to university to study law. This made me think about going back to study myself. At the time, I was employed as a community worker, and I felt that I needed to learn more about social justice i

13、ssues.I registered at the Institute of Koorie Education at Deakin University. My friend Andy asked me, “Do you really think you can do a law degree? Its hard for you.” “Being a single mother and raising four children by myself is hard, and if I can do that, I know I can do a law degree/9 I said. My

14、children were happy for me, but it was difficult for them because sometimes I had to spend two weeks away from home at a time to study.My son Joshua was already studying law when I started out. We talked often and he could really help explain things to me. Once Joshua graduated, seeing him becoming

15、a lawyer continued to provide me with encouragement. Eventually I finished my degree too. Eight years later, on 27 July 2020, Joshua admitted me into the Supreme Court. This was a proud moment for myself, Joshua, my children and family.17. How might the author describe her childhood?A. Peaceful and

16、secure.B. Tough and lonely.C. Poor but loving.D. Colorful but unpleasant.18. What did the authors children do during high school?A. They worked part-time as butchers.B. They complained a lot about their life.C. They assisted her to lighten their heavy burden.D. They helped each other with schoolwork

17、.19. How did the author react to Andys question?A. She gave a positive reply to him.B. She paid no attention to it.C. She consulted Joshua about it.D. She conveyed her appreciation to him.20. What can we learn from the authors story?A. Knowledge is power.B. Persistence produces miracles.C. Self-conf

18、idence should come first on the road to success.D. Family support and determination help one achieve a goal.【答案】CCAD【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者命运多舛，年幼家贫，中年丧夫，独自抚养四个孩子长大， 但她凭借着家人的支持和坚定不移的决心，顺利从法律专业毕业。17 .细节理解题。根据第段的倒数两句Growing up, we didnt have much but we could make do with what we had. Times may have been

19、 tough, but I didnt notice it much, because I just loved being with my family.（成长过程 中，我们家境贫寒，但我们可以凑合着生活。日子可能是艰难的，但我没有注意太多，因为我只是喜欢和 我的家人在一起。）”可知，虽然作者小时候家里贫穷但是家里人都很有爱，因此作者描述的童年是贫苦和 充满爱的。故选C项。18 .细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句During their high school years, my children went to work after school, to help me pay school

20、 fees and household bills.（在他们的高中时代，我的孩子们放学后去打工，帮我支付学费 和家庭费用”可知，孩子们高中放学后打工补贴家用，因此选项C描述孩子们在高中时期放学后打工帮 助妈妈减轻负担符合文意，故选C项。19 .推理判断题。根据第四段的第三句“Being a single mother and raising four children by myself is hard, and if I can do that, I know I can do a law degree/5（作为一个单身母亲并独自抚养四个孩子是很艰难的，如果我能 做到这一点，我知道我可以拿到

21、一个法律学位。可知，作者回答好友说，她认为独自抚养四个孩子这么 难的事情都能做好，那么拿学位也没什么问题。因此作者针对好友Andy关于拿学位很难的提醒给予了正能 量的回答，她觉得自己可以做到。故选A项。20 .推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句Times may have been tough, but I didnt notice it much, because I just loved being with my family.（日子可能是艰难的，但我没有注意太多，因为我只是喜欢和我的家人在一起。 可知，作者幼时家贫，但是家很有爱，家人相互支持。根据第二段最后一句It was really

22、hard, but none of them complained.”可知，爸爸去世后，孩子们打工补贴家用，没有一个人抱怨。作者婚后丈夫离世，孩子们和妈妈一起支撑这个家。根据倒数第二段最后一句My children were happy for me, but it was difficult for them because sometimes I had to spend two weeks away from home at a time to study.（我的孩子们为我感到高兴，但 这对他们来说很困难，因为有时我不得不一次离开家两个星期去学习。）”可知，作者下定决定心读书拿学 位，这

23、过程非常困难，但是孩子们都支持妈妈。因此，作者从小到大的故事告诉我们她一路走来离不开家 人的支持和坚定的决心，故选D项。6Running can be a polarizing （两极分化的）subject. Most people fall into one of two camps: those who love running every morning, and those who would sooner do anything to avoid it. For most of my life, I was planted in the second camp.I always ha

24、ted running. At age 12, I remember entering a neighborhood 5K with my dad; I also remember placing dead last, followed by only the police car driving patiently behind me. Three years later, I didnt make the junior volleyball team because I couldn*t run a mile in under 10 minutes. Every time I ran, I

25、 felt as though failure 一 in some form or another - was the only possible result.The summer after my freshman year, though, I took a job at a summer camp in Connecticut, where I got paid to be a kid again. I spent my days keeping an eye on different camp activities. When it came to exercise, running

26、 was my only choice. So, I made myself a promise: Every day, I would run for a while. By most runners standards, it wasn*t far; I guessed it was only about a mile. But I decided to do it every day, no matter how long it took. The exercise lasted for 61 days - the entire time I spent at camp that sum

27、mer.I started to feel better about myself. But to my great surprise, I learned to love running, too. I went from fearing the sport to loving it. Fve finished seven marathons （马拉松）and more shorter races than I can remember, and now I am a running coach. These were the secrets I discovered to changing

28、 my way of looking at life.21. What was the authors attitude to running at first?A. He deeply loved it.B. He refused to do it.C. He was uninterested in it.D. He thought it was a waste of time.22. What can we say about the author from paragraph 2?A. He didnt like to do any sport.B. He didnt believe h

29、e could do sports.C. He didnt do well in running-related sports.D. He didn*t join in the volleyball team on purpose.23. What decision did the author make in the camp?A. To run every day.B.To do a part-time job.C. To fully relax himself in the camp.D.To take part in different activities.24. How does

30、the author look at running after the camp?A. It is a difficult thing to do.B.It has become a boring sport.C. It makes no difference to him.D.It has changed his life in a good way.【答案】BCAD【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者从害怕跑步这项运动变成了热爱它的过程。21 .细节理解题。根据第一段“Most people fall into one of two camps: those who love runn

31、ing every morning, and those who would sooner do anything to avoid it. For most of my life, I was planted in the second camp.（大多数人 分为两个阵营：一个是喜欢每天早上跑步的人，另一个是愿意做任何事情来避免跑步的人。我一生的大部 分时间都被安排在第二个营地厂可知，作者最初对跑步的态度是他拒绝做这件事。故选B项。22 .细节理解题。根据第二段“Three years later, I didnt make the junior volleyball team becaus

32、e I couldnt run a mile in under 10 minutes.（三年后，我没能入选少年排球队，因为我不能在10分钟内跑完一英里广可知，他在 与跑步相关的运动中表现不佳。故选C项。23 .细节理解题。根据第三段“So, I made myself a promise: Every day, I would run for a while.（所以，我做出了 一个承诺:每天，我都会跑一段时间）”可知，作者夏令营营里做出了每天跑步的决定。故选A项。24 .推理判断题。根据最后一段I went from fearing the sport to loving it. Tve fi

33、nished seven marathons and more shorter races than I can remember, and now I am a running coach. These were the secrets I discovered to changing my way of looking at life.（但令我惊讶的是，我也爱上了跑步。我从害怕这项运动变成了热爱它。我 已经完成了七次马拉松和比我记忆中更短的比赛，现在我是一名跑步教练。这些是我发现的改变我看待生 活方式的秘诀广可推知，作者在参加完夏令营之后作者认为跑步很好地改变了他的生活。故选D项。7Thi

34、s is a story Ive told in class every February since I started teaching in 1999.“In sixth grade, I fell madly in love with David, a tall and cute boy, who seemed to have no interest in me at all. But I doodled（信手涂鸦）his name all over my diary. Then it was Valentines Day, elementary school style. It wa

35、s party day. I spilled my cards onto my desk, and amid many small envelopes, I saw one enormous one, spangled（缀 :黄闪光的饰片的）with glitter. My mind raced: Wowsomeone likes me enough to buy me this giant valentine. Who could it be from?9 With trembling hands, I drew out the sparkly content whose heading r

36、ead, To a Queen of aValentine/ I turned the valentine over, and at the bottom I saw the signature and almost fainted: David.Then my eyes traveled up to the writing above his signature. In large, uneven letters, he had written me a special message, To the Ugliest Girl in Our Class.There are audible g

37、asps. Mouths drop open. Some look down at their desks, seemingly embarrassed for me. “What did you do?” asks a brave soul.“What do you think? I say. My eyes filled with tears. My nose was stinging, my cheeks burning.I was devastated- maybe he and his friends were watching me, eager to see how I woul

38、d react. They nod 1.“And thats why were going to have a party. A party that celebrates kindness instead of cruelty.smile.Their eyes light up. They are willing to let me take them wherever I am going. I hand out construction paper so they can make cards for Valentine exchange. I can prove that no one

39、 has more fun in school than an 18-year-old given permission to be ten again.Looking on as they compose each message is always a treat. But the real fun comes when they read what people wrote to them. Watching a shy kid tentatively open a card and then breaking to a big grin(咧嘴笑)is worth all of the

40、efforts.And whatever hurt David intended for me all those years ago, it has now been canceled out, many times over. (Ive always received favorable feedback from the previous students and their parents about the Valentines exchanges.) I think he would be startled by his legacy.25. What do we know fro

41、m Paragraph 2?A. Kids all received valentine cards on Valentines Day.B. The writer were excited to receive a card from David.C. David used to have a crush on the writer.D. Fear captured the writer when she saw “David”.26. Which of the following fits the gap in Paragraph 6?A. hastilyB. admirablyC. ha

42、rdlyD. sympathetically27. What result is likely after the students share the teachers story?A. Kindness will be practiced by the students and spread.B. The teacher has a sense of fulfillment merely for all her own efforts.C. They will compose Valentine messages like the elementary school kids did.D.

43、 Honest remarks about their classmates will be on the Valentines.28. What does the ending paragraph imply?A. The writer has discovered the credit side of David teasing her.B. David shook the little faith in the writer, but she is grateful to him.C. The writer has forgiven David since she experienced

44、 more.D. Parents used to learn the same lesson as the writer did.【答案】BDAC【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一位教师在追忆童年时一件受辱的往事，以此教育她的学生-传播 善良和美好。25 .细节理解题。根据第二段的“I turned the valentine over, and at the bottom I saw the signature and almost fainted: David.（我把情人卡翻过来，在底部看到了签名，差点晕过去：大卫）”可知，看到自己喜欢的David 的签名时，作者激动地都快晕过去了。故

45、选B。26 .推理判断题。根据第四段的“There are audible gasps. Mouths drop open. Some look down at their desks, seemingly embarrassed for me. What did you do?” asks a brave soul.（可以听到喘息声。嘴巴张开。有些人低 头看着他们的课桌，似乎为我感到尴尬。“你做了什么?”一个勇敢的人问道）”可知，老师在讲述自己的故事 时，激起学生的同情心，因此学生是同情地点头，空格处是“同情地，即sympathetically,故选D。27 .推理判断题。根据倒数第四段的A

46、nd thats why were going to have a party. A party that celebrates kindness instead of cruelty. 1 smile.（“所以我们要办个派对。一个庆祝善良而不是残酷的派对。”我微笑着说）” 及倒数第二段学生们读到的贺卡时的反应“Looking on as they compose each message is always a treat. But the real fun comes when they read what people wrote to them. Watching a shy kid

47、tentatively open a card and then breaking to a big grin（咧嘴笑）is worth all of the efforts.（看着他们撰写每条信息总是一种享受。但真正有趣的 是当他们读别人写给他们的东西时。看着一个害羞的孩子试探地打开一张卡片，然后咧开嘴大笑，所有的 努力都值得）”可知，他们在践行传播善良和美好。故推知，学生分享老师的故事后可能会有的结果是善 良会被学生实践和传播。故选A。28 .推理判断题。根据最后一段的“And whatever hurt David intended for me all those years ago,

48、 it has now been canceled out, many times over. （Ive always received favorable feedback from the previous students and their parents about the Valentines exchanges.）（不管大卫多年前想对我造成什么伤害，现在都被抵消了，很多次了。 （之前的同学和家长对情人节的交流都给予了很好的反馈）”可推知，自从她经历了更多，作者原谅了大卫,故选c。Zhang Lin, 25, is from a village in the mountainous province of Yunnan, southwest China. She escaped from her first marriage, which she was forced into by her parents. Later on, she got married once again, this time for love. However, she had to leave this marriage too because her second husband could n