考研真题1992考研英语一真题含答案解析.docx

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1、1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. 1 it, ast

2、ronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle 2 of flying into space and returning many times.3 by reusable rockets that canlift a load of 65,000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as 4 as a variety of militaryhardware.5 more significantly, it will 6 materials and machines int

3、o space for industrial purposes7 two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was 8 to the vocabulary. In short, the 9importance of the shuttle lies in its 10 as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle 11 is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane.12,when it has acc

4、omplished its 13, it can be ready for 14 trip in about two weeks.The space shuttle, the world? s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step15 making the impossiblepossible for the benefit and survival of man.1. A InB OnC ByD With2. A capableB suitableC efficientD fit3. A ServedB PoweredC ForcedD Re

5、inforced4. A farB wellC muchD long5. A ThenB OrC ButD So6. A supplyB introduceC deliverD transfer7. A unimaginedB unsettledC uncoveredD unsolved8. A attributedB contributedC appliedD added9. A generalB essentialC prevailingD ultimate10. A promiseB prosperityC popularityD priority11. A exceptionalB s

6、trangeC uniqueD rare12. A ThusB WhereasC NeverthelessD Yet13. A ventureB missionC commissionD responsibility14. A newB anotherC certainD subsequent15. A forB byC inD throughPart II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four

7、answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)Passage 1It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible.

8、 Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered mo

9、torist is the exception to the rule. (Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.)Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation t

10、o revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in

11、modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgments of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to em

12、erge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road

13、 wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter con*ectly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total

14、blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all

15、 of us to take this message to heart.16. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by.A peoples attitude towards the road-hogB the rhythm of modern lifeC the behavior of the driverD traffic conditions17.The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog.the rule.v (Para.l)

16、implies that.A our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists18. By good sense”, the writer means.A the drivers ability to unders

17、tand and react reasonablyB the drivers prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC the drivers tolerance of rude or evensavage behaviorD the drivers acknowledgment of politeness and regulations19. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,.A road users should

18、make more sacrificeB drivers should be ready to yield to each otherCdrivers should have more communication among themselvesDdrivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others20. In the writer opinion,.Astrict traffic regulations are badly neededBdrivers should apply road politeness prop

19、erlyC rude drivers should be punishedD drivers should avoid traffic jamsPassage 2In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror一the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather expert, s predict

20、ion, the atmosphere will be 3 C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase i

21、n atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth s chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder

22、and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictu

23、res show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientis

24、ts conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “col

25、d spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth? s atmospheric pressur

26、e, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years

27、, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assumea delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia（惯性）of the earth s climate.

28、If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counte-balance to the sun s diminishing heat.2 Lit can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would.A prevent the suns rays from reaching the earths surfaceB mean a warming up in t

29、he ArcticC account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphereD raise the temperature of the earths surface22. The article was written to explain.A the greenhouse effect|B| the solar effects on the earthC the models of solar-weather interactions|D the causes affecting weather23. Alth

30、ough the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is.A mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are risingB possibly because the ice caps in the poles are meltingC exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earths climateD partly

31、 due to variations in the output of solar energy24. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that.A the climate of the world should be becoming coolerB it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earths climate to take effectC the man-made warming effect helps to increa

32、se the solar effectsD the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect25. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct,.A the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels|Bice would soon cover the northernhemisphereC the increased levels of carbon diox

33、ide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quicklyD the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earthPassage 3Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others

34、 say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherh

35、ood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey（曲棍球）final. There had been noisy scenes

36、 at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: This wasn, t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Fe

37、deration are finished. The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended

38、 in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first ti

39、me the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitiv

40、ely rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals or in non-national teams might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.26. According to the author, recent

41、 Olympic Games have.A created goodwill between the nationsB bred only false national prideC barely showed any international friendshipD led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred27.What did the manager mean by saying, .Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?A His team wou

42、ld no longer take part in international games.BHockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.CThere should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.D The Federation should be dissolved.28. The basketball example implied that.A too much patriotism was displayed in the

43、 incidentB the announcement to prolong the match was wrongC the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decisionD the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals29. The author gives the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to show.A how false national pride led to undesirable incidents i

44、n international gamesB that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to beC that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendshipD that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games30. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?AThe organization of the Olympic Games must b

45、e improved.B|Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.C Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.DInternational contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.Part BDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the un

46、derlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)“Intelligence“ at best is an assumptive constructthe meaning of the word has never been clear. 31) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than theie is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a

47、 person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or a