英语人教版高中选择性必修一（2019新编）Unit 1 People of Achievement第三讲Grammar and Writing教案.docx

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1、Grammar and Writing猷语法精讲Grammar限制性定语从句关系代词who：指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语whom：指人，在从句中作宾语which：指物或指代整个主句的内容,在从句中作主语或宾语 whose：指人或物，在从句中作定语when：在从句中作时间状语关系副词where：在从句中作地点状语形式上J意义上:译法上:关系词的使用上J需要注意的问题感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题可位于句中，这时前后都需要用逗号隔开“介词+关系代J”也可以先行词指人时关系代词用whom 引导非限制性定语从旬先行词指物时关系代词用岫油 “名词/代词/数词+介词。f+关系代词”通常引导非限制性

2、定语从句“名词+介词。f+关系代词”有时可以用“whose+名词”或of+关 系代词+名词”替换1. This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.2. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more

3、 common, to study malaria patients.3. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.4. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.5. . Later, the medicine was

4、tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.6. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.1 .句1、2、5、6是非限制性定语从句,句3、4是限制性定语从句。2 .句1中的关系词在定语从句中作定语。3 .句2中的关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。3.用sothat改写句3Lang Ping was so hard-working that she won a lot of awards.【连句成篇】用适

5、当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。 参考范文Lang Ping, who was born on Dec. 10th, 1960, is a famous volleyball coach and we all admire her very much.She began to practise playing volleyball when she was at the age of 13 and joined the national team several years later because of her excellent perfor

6、mance in the national volleyball game.She was so hard-working that she won a lot of awards.After she retired from the volleyball team, she became a volleyball coach.In 2016, she took the Chinese Women Volleyball Team to take part in the Rio Olympic Games and won the gold medal.She is the first Chine

7、se volleyball player to win the Olympic championship as a player and coach in the history of volleyball in China.随堂练习请根据下列提示写一篇英语短文，介绍中国工程院院士、著名呼吸病学专家钟南山。内容要点如下：1. 1936年10月出生于一个医学世家，福建厦门人；2.I960年毕业于北京医学院（今北京大学医学部）；3 . 2003年他是抗击“非典”的英雄，2020年他在抗击新型肺炎疫情中做出了突出贡献；4 .致力于呼吸道疾病的研究和治疗，受到中国人民的高度评价。注意：1 ,词数100

8、左右；5 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：中国工程院院士 academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering；呼吸道疾病 respiratory diseases；新冠病毒肺炎CO VID 19【参考范文】Born in a medical family, in Oct. 1936, Zhong Nanshan comes from Xiamen, Fujian Province.When he was young he had a strong passion for medicine.Zhong Nanshan, who grad

9、uated from Peking University Medical School in 1960, is one of the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.In 2003, he was a hero in fighting against SARS, managing the SARS outbreak.In 2020, he made an outstanding contribution when fighting against COVID 19.Zhong Nanshan has devoted much

10、 of his life to researching and treating respiratory diseases, whose work is highly thought of by all Chinese people.4.句3、4、5、6中的关系词在定语从句中作主语。一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别名称限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用起限定作用，限制或约束先行词，不可 去掉，否则主句意义不完整对整个句子的意义并不重要，即使去掉，原句仍有意义结构不用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开功能先行词不可缺少的定语对先行词起补充说明作用引导词a.作宾语时可省略，介词之后的关系词不

11、能省b.可用thata.作宾语时不可省略b.不可用thatThis is the fact that I have collected till now.这就是我迄今收集到的事实。（限制性定语从句，先行词是the fact）The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.那部小说，我昨晚读的那本，非常有趣。（非限制性定语从句，先行词是the novel）The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad.这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。（非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句

12、话）名师提醒非限制性定语从句形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，若删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。用适当的关系代词填空This is an important present, I received yesterday.Football is a game is liked by most boys.My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.During the rosy years of elementary school

13、（小学），I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,allowed me to keep my high social status.答案1 .which 2.which/that3.whose 4.which二、非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法1. who, whom, whose引导的非限制性定语从句(1)关系代词who, whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。(2)关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom作宾语；介词后用whom,不用who。(3)whose作定语，先行词是人时，whose+.相当于the+.+of whom。先行词是物口寸，w

14、hose+.相当于the + .+of which oOur guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长烹调。Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了很多东西。The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.桌子上的书是我们的奖品，书的封皮很亮。用 who, whom 和 whos

15、e 填空But Sarah,has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.Peter, you met in London, is now back in Paris.Isobel, brother was training for the match, had heard the joke before.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to

16、 relieve worldwidestarvation.【答案】1 .who 2.whom 3.whose 4,whose2. which, as 的用法两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。Our country has sent up another man made earth satellite, as is reported in the papers.报纸上报道，我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。(2)as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。项目aswhich指代

17、引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，容又可指代主句的一部分位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导的从句不能位于主句之前意义正如这,那I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me. 我上周从图书馆借了夏洛克福尔摩斯，这本书是我班同学推荐给我的。The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.正如所报道的

18、那样，仅仅一年的时间，吸烟者的数量下降了 17%o用which和as填空By boat is the only way to get here, is how we arrived.can be seen from his face, he is quite pleased.（3）you can imagine, the trip is no piece of cake.【答案】l.which 2.As 3.As3. when, where 的用法关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语。关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语

19、。when/where有时可以换成“介词+ which”。Well put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.我们打算把在公园里的这次野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能会更好。Opposite is St.PauPs Church, where you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到好听的音乐。I left on Sunday, when/on which everyone was at home.我星期日离开的，当时人人都在家。

20、用适当的关系副词填空He will put off the picnic until May 1st, he will be free.They went to London, they lived for six months.Phytoplankton（浮游生物）live at the ocean surface, they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen.答案1 .when 2.where 3.where4. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词+关系代词”中，关系代词用whom指人，用w

21、hich指物。He worked in a car factory for four years, after which he founded his own company in his hometown.他在一家汽车厂工作了4年，之后在他的家乡建立了自己的公司。We are short of two people, without whom we will need three more days to finish the work.我们缺少两个人，没有他们，我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。单句语法填空She gave me two books, both of I didnt l

22、ike.Lin Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.Asia and the Pacific has perhaps 3, 200 languages, which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.【答案】1 .which 2.in 3.of题组A基础过关练【基础巩固】I.单句语法填空1. She heard a bori

23、ng noise, made her annoyed.2. I have a sister, husband now works in a modern company.3. The sports meeting will be put off till next month, we will have made all the preparations.4. has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.5. . We walked down the village street, people were having

24、 a market day.6. What is known to us all is that the old scientist, for life was very hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.7. The survey was carried out on the sleep time of students in middle or high schools, the result of was surprising.8. He gave his mother a colour TV set for

25、her birthday, pleased her a lot.9. His mother, loves him very much, is strict with him.10. Please pass me the book cover is green.【答案】1 .which 2.whose 3.when 4.As 5.where 6.whom 7.which 8.which 9.who 10.whosen.单句写作11. 我们都知道，定期散步对我们的健康有很大的好处。12. 她是第三次赢得比赛了，这让我们都很吃惊。13. 金先生的双腿严重受伤，被迅速送往了医院。14. 冯小刚，是一位

26、著名导演，已经创作了很多优秀影片。*15. 他是个有丰富经验的人，从他那里我们能学到很多。16. 1 LAs we all know, walking regularly does a lot of good to our health1.1 It is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all.13 .Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.14 .Feng Xiaogang, who is a famo

27、us director, has produced a lot of excellent films.15 .He is a man of great experience, from whom we can learn much.题组B能力提升练n.补全句子1. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a. m.to 5 p. m.daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,*现在Irene Astbury每天上午9点到下午5点在Macclesfield她和她已故的丈夫Les 一起开的宠物店工作。2. We can send e-mail

28、s to our friends as well.我们可以发送电子邮件给和我们一样住的离家乡也很远的朋友。3. There lives an old man near the school, .学校附近住着一位老人，他的儿子在国外工作。4. During traveling, one can meet various people, .在旅游期间，可以见到形形色色的人，和他们结交新朋友。5. Some students are very busy, .有些学生太忙了，没时间阅读。6. Last Friday we went to the farm, .上周五我们去了农场，帮助农民们采摘西瓜。7

29、. On the platform of 2020 Spring Festival Gala, some famous actors were absent,在2020年春晚舞台上，一些在过去很著名的演员却未到场。8. Tom suddenly fell ilL .汤姆突然生病了，这使我们很伤心。9. He didnt pass the exam, .他没有通过考试，这使他的老师感到失望。10. His elder brother, , will come to see him tomorrow.他的哥哥在北京工作，明天要来看他。11. 】1 .which she opened with he

30、r late husband Les12. ho live so far away from their hometowns13. hose son is working abroad14. ith whom they can make new friends15. ho dont have time to do reading16. here we helped farmers to pick watermelons17. ho had been popular in the past18. hich made us very sad19. hich disappointed his tea

31、cher20. who works in Beijing颤写作园地W riting人物介绍一、写作分析人物介绍是记叙文体的一种，主要是写名人或伟人的生平及事迹。在文章篇幅安排上要对被描述对象的生平进行简要描述，主要篇幅要叙述其事迹或在某个领域作出的特殊贡献，最后简要地对该人物进行评价。二、篇章结构1 .开头段：简要介绍生平（出生年月、出生地点、家庭背景等）2 .主体段：具体描述人物外貌、性格特点、教育经历、主要事迹等3 .结尾段：对人物作出整体评价三、语言特点1 .对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。重点信息通常是写作的目的所在, 比如求职信要重点突出学历、工作经历，

32、新闻报道要重点突出事迹，人物介绍类文章要突出人物的特点。2 .注意正确运用时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、爱好等常用一般现在时，而介绍人物的出生时间及地点、教育背景、工作经历和主耍事迹则常用一般过去时。写作素材1 .年龄He was bom in 1996 and is 24 years old now.Bom in 1999, he is now a 21 yearold student, studying in a university.He began to make a living at an early age.In his fifties, he began to feel his

33、age.2 .外貌特征She is a lovely girl, with big eyes, white teeth and long hair.He is a handsome man, with a thick moustache.(3)He is a tall man, with blue/bright eyes and blond/brown hair.3 .家庭背景、教育状况He was born into a poor/rich family and lived a hard/happy life.He started school in 1984 and left school

34、 12 years later.(3)He went to study in Peking University in 2004 and graduated 4 years later.He got his bachelor,s/master9s/doctor,s degree in mathematics from.4 .生平事迹He devoted his lifetime to.He won a prize in.He made up his mind to.He made great progress in.5 .对人物的评价He is one of the most outstand

35、ing persons.He is honoured/regarded/considered as.(3)He has made great contributions to.He sets an example to.例你校准备在新建的“名人长廊”中为每一位名人画像配上英语介绍，以便让同学们有更多的机会学习英 语飞请你根据以下信息写一篇100词左右的短文介绍郎平。1.郎平，I960年12月10日出生于天津市。1973年，13岁的郎平开始练习打排球；2.1978年，因在全国排球比赛中表现突出，进入国家队；3 .从1980年起，郎平获得了很多荣誉及奖励；4 .退役后,郎平成为排球教练。2016年

36、，郎平带领中国女排，时隔12年,在里约奥运会(the Rio Olympic Games) 上获得金牌；5 .郎平是中国第一位作为球员和教练员均夺取奥运会冠军的排球运动员。【审题】写作要求是写一篇人物介绍。写作时应注意下面三点：1 确定文体：这是一篇人物介绍。写作时注意人物介绍类文章的写作特点。2 .主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主。3 .主体人称：由于是介绍人物，所以人称应该以第三人称为主。【谋篇】本文可以分为三个部分：第一部分：对郎平进行简要的介绍。第二部分：描写郎平一生中比较重要的事迹。第三部分：对郎平进行客观的评价。r遣词造句【核心词汇】1. 在岁时 at the age of2. 加

37、入队伍 join the team3. 获奖 win the award4. 中国女排 the Chinese Women Volleyball Team5. 参力口 take part in【连词成句】1 .郎平，出生于1960年12月10日，是著名的排球教练。(并列句)Lang Ping was bom on Dec. 10th/960 and she is a famous volleyball coach.2 .她在十三岁时开始练习打排球并在几年后加入国家队。(at the age of)She began to practise playing volleyball at the a

38、ge of 13 and joined the national team several years later.3 .因为郎平努力练习，她获得了很多荣誉。(win award)Lang Ping won a lot of awards because she was hard-working.4 .既是选手又是教练的郎平获得了奥林匹克运动会冠军。(as)Lang Ping win the Olympic championship as a player and coach.5 .她是中国排球史上第一个获得奥林匹克运动会冠军的人。(in the history of)She is the f

39、irst Chinese volleyball player to win the Olympic championship in the history of volleyball in China. 【句式升级】1 .将句1改成非限制性定语从句Lang Ping, who was bom on Dec. 10th/960, is a famous volleyball coach.2 .将句2改成时间状语从句She began to practise playing volleyball when she was at the age of 13 and joined the national team several years later.