03 选择性必修第三册Unit 3基础练习-2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019).docx

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1、2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019)选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental ProtectionI .单句语法填空1. The most(frequent) shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.2. (2018江苏高考)The(sustain) success of small farmers, though, wont happen without fundamental changes to the industry.3. (2018天津高考)On top of that, mo

2、st of the 3D food printers now(restrict) to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.4. (2018江苏高考)We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland (conserve), as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of

3、 a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.II .完成句子1 .如果我是她的员工，我真的不能忍受每天被她责骂。, I really wouldnt tolerate being scolded by her every day.2 .研究表明女性要比男性有更敏锐的嗅觉并且对情感更敏感。The study shows that women than men and are also.3 .现今，在中国每一个人都有责任构建和谐社会。Nowadays everyone is.4 .在我看来，一个人

4、只有勇敢地面对困难并且抓住机会才能成功。In my opinion,can one succeed.5 .就我个人而言，讨论焦虑的来源是释放压力的一个好办法。8 .【解析】gentlyo考查副词，空格处修饰的是前面的动词moved,应用副词gently。9 .【解析】suirounding。考查复合句，同第6题，根据and可知前后为两个非谓语动词并列，与rising 一致，即 surrounding o10 .【解析】on。考查介词，根据后文earth及语义搭配，填on。IV.A【文章大意】本文介绍了一家公司研制出了与众不同的可以发电的新的玻璃窗。1 .解析选 C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的

5、They will also be able to power the companys lights, computers and air conditioners.可知，它们还能够为公司的灯，计算机和空调供电。由此可知，新的玻璃窗与众不同的 是它们可以为会议室供电。2 .【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，“这有点像一台反向运行的透明电脑显示器,Ubiquitous Energy 的业务开发主管维洛拉哈德夫表示。他说：“不是把电传送到显示器的不同点来点亮它们，而是把产生的电 从窗口的不同点传送出去。由此可知，哈德夫在第三段中想要解释的是产生电能的新玻璃窗的工作原理。3 .【解析】选

6、A。推理判断题。根据第四段中的 These windows, about half as transparent as ordinary glass, dont work as well as transparent ones. Hardev says the company is likely to improve the transparency significantly. 可 知，这些窗户的透明度只有普通玻璃的一半，不如透明玻璃那么好用。哈德夫说，公司可能会大幅提高透明 度。由此可知，玻璃的透明度会影响发电量。4 .【解析】选B。标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，Ubiquitou

7、s Energy公司研发出的新玻璃窗不仅 可以让光线进入屋内，它们还可以为公司的灯，计算机和空调供电。因此B项Windows: No Longer Just for Letting in the Light（窗户：不再只是为了让光线进来）符合文章内容，可以作为最佳标题。B【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了生产和销售转基因鱼的公司状况以及人们对转基因鱼的看法。5 .【解析】选 Co 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 If the production and sales of AquaBounty go as planned, this will all change.（如果AquaBounty的生产

8、和销售按计划进行，这一切都会改变）可知，AquaBounty是一家生产 和销售转基因鱼的公司。C. It deals with the production and sales of fish.（它处理鱼的生产和销售）符合以上说 法。6 .【解析】选 D o 细节理解题。根据第三段的 Cut to 2019, Fletcher GM fish is able to reach adult size in 16 to 18 months, compared with 30 months for natural Atlantic salmon, while consuming 25% less f

9、eed. （2019 年， 弗莱彻的转基因鱼可以在16-18个月内长到成年大小，而天然大西洋鞋鱼则需要30个月，同时消耗的饲料 也少了 25%）可知，转基因鱼的一个优势是比大西洋鞋鱼长得快。D. it grows faster than natural Atlantic salmon（它比大西洋鱼圭鱼长得快）符合以上说法。7 .【解析】选 Bo 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 Health risks, being the main one, as it has been with several other genetically modified foods in the past.（健康风险

10、是主要原因，就像过去其他几种转基因食品一样）可知, 抗议者们担心转基因食品存在健康风险。B. GM food has potential health problems（转基因食品有潜在的健康 问题）符合以上说法。8 【解析】选 Ao 词义猜测题。根据第一段的 a company received the first ever nod to sell a genetically modified salmon（一个公司首次得到销售转基因鞋鱼的许可）和画线部分所在句子This has not all been without stiff opposition（这并非没有强烈的反对意见）可推测，t

11、his指代是“同意销售转基因鱼圭鱼A. the nod to sell a GM salmon（同意销售转基因蛙鱼）符合以上说法。V.【文章大意】作者通过文章主要向我们描述了动机和目标设定是同一硬币的两面，一定要好好把握。1 .【解析】选G。根据前面的句子“动机和目标的设置是一个问题的两个方面; 和前面的实例：跳水板上的 孩子由于缺少动机不能决定跳还是不跳。可知中间的句子会提到没有了动机会出现的结果。2 .【解析】选B。根据More than that以及后面的问句“你应该如何保持动力来实现目标”可推知前面应该是 一个关于如何让你有动力这样的问题。3 .【解析】选A。前面提到“你的心不在你的工

12、作上”以及S。后提出的解决方法，可推知中间应该提到前面 问题带来的不好的影响这样的内容。4 .【解析】选E。根据前面的句子“记住：目标是灵活的”可知它们是可以根据情况变化的。5 .【解析选C。前面提至由于视力不好，原来的当飞行员的目标实现不了”这样的令人沮丧的情况，后面 又提到重新评估你的目标，可推知中间一句应该提到前面的情况不应该影响你。VI.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。一名19岁的大学生Jose Nunez Romaniz准备在银行存款时，无意中发 现了一个装着很多现金的塑料袋，但他没有据为己有而是给警察打了电话。1 .【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：但对于Jose Nunez R

13、omaniz来说，周日的银行之行是他永生难 忘的经历。plan计划；experiment试验；visit拜访，逗留；show展示。根据前文A trip to a banks.可知，此 处指的是Jose周日的银行之行。2 .【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：但对于Jose Nunez Romaniz来说，周日的银行之行是他永生难 忘的经历。enjoy欣赏；forget忘记;imagine想象；face面对。根据后文Jose存款时的经历可知,Jose在存钱 时意外捡到了一大笔钱，所以这成了他永远都不会忘记的经历。3 .【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位19岁的大学生正在网上为母亲节购物

14、，这时他注意到自己 的账户余额不足。purchase购买；survey调查表；wish希望；decision决定。根据后文for Mothers Day online 可知Jose当时准备给妈妈买母亲节礼物。make a purchase表示“购物”。4 .【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位19岁的大学生正在网上为母亲节购物，这时他注意到自 己的账户余额不足。full完全的；clear清楚的；inaccurate不准确的；low低的。根据后文So he drove to the nearest bank to deposit money.可知Jose因为账户余额不足，买不了礼物，所以

15、才去存钱的。5 .【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他毫不知道他即将有一个惊人的发现。offer提议；promise承 诺；profit 禾Ll润；discovery 发现。根据下一段中 When he arrived, Jose noticed a plastic bag on the ground filled with cash可知Jose后来在银行捡到了一大笔钱，所以此处指他即将有一个惊人发现,Jose之前毫不知情。6 .【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当我第一次看到它时，我非常震惊，不知道该怎么办Jose 告诉纽约时报。shocked震惊的；amused有趣的；exci

16、ted激动的；satisfied满意的。根据后文not knowing what to do可知I, Jose看到这么多钱后感到很吃惊。7 .【解析】选Co考查动词词义辨析。句意:Jose冷静了一会儿后，报了警。teach教学；disturb干扰;collect 收集，使（自己）镇定;challenge向挑战。根据后文Jose called the police可知，过了一会儿后,Jose平静了下来。collect在此意为“使（自己）镇定；使（思想）集中”。8 .【解析】选Bo考查副词词义辨析。句意：警方很快发现，这些钱是一名负责给自动取款机装现金的工作 人员不小心落下的。carefully仔

17、细地;accidentally 一不小心，意外地;deliberately故意地；nervously紧张地。 根据前后文内容可知，这么一大笔钱应该是一位工作人员不小心遗失在那里的。9 .【解析】选Do考查动词词义辨析。句意：警方很快发现，这些钱是一名负责给自动取款机装现金的工作 人员不小心落下的。continued继续;charged充电；armed武装;tasked委派任务。结合后文with refilling the ATM可知这位工作人员是被派去给自动取款机装现金的时候，不小心落下了这笔钱。10 .【解析】选Ao考查动词词义辨析。句意：市长和警察局长认为这是阿尔伯克基历史上发现和归还的最

18、 大数额的一笔钱，因此举行了一个仪式来表彰Jose的诚实。returned归还，返回；saved拯救；lost失去; exchanged交换。结合上文可知Jose发现了这笔钱，然后报了警，归还了银行，所以是阿尔伯克基历史上发 现和归还的最大数额的一笔钱。11 .【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：市长和警察局长认为这是阿尔伯克基历史上发现和归还的最大 数额的一笔钱，因此举行了一个仪式来表彰Jose的诚实。confidence自信；honesty诚实；bravery勇敢; appreciation欣赏。根据上文内容可知Jose拾金不昧，所以应当是表扬他的诚实(honesty)。其他选项不符合

19、语境。12【解析】选Do考查动词短语辨析。句意：也许最重要的是，警察局长邀请Jose在他毕业后申请一份公 共服务助理的工作。hold up举起；adapt to适应；wait for等待；apply for申请。根据后文a job as a public service aid可知是指申请一份公共服务助理的工作。13 .【解析选C。考查连词词义辨析。句意：也许最重要的是，警察局长邀请Jose在他毕业后申请一份公共 服务助理的工作。although虽然；before在之前；after在之后；until直到。根据前文19-year-oldcollege student可知，此处应指在Jose大学毕

20、业后。14 .【解析】选B。考查连词词义辨析。句意：妈妈打电话给我，她高兴得几乎哭了起来。厂或者；and并 且;s。因此;but但是。根据空格前后内容可知，两者表示顺承关系，应用连词and。15 .【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我我做了正确的事情，她为我所做的感到骄傲。proud 骄傲的，自豪的；considerate体贴的；worthy值得的；sure确信的。根据上文内容可知，Jose拾金不昧，所以 妈妈在电话里告诉Jose说他做得对，她为他感到骄傲。短语be proud of 为感到骄傲”。, talking about source of anxiety is a gre

21、at way to release stress.III.语法填空In ancient China lived an artist 1.paintings were almost lifelike. The artisfs reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2.(fine) work, so that he could choose the b

22、est. The artist was sure he would 3.(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River-perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 4.(curious), the artist packe

23、d his bags and left.5.he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的)artist, they smiled and 6. (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7.(find) the well-knownpainter. As the small boat moved 8.(gentle) along the river he was left

24、 speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9.(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by

25、 the greatest artist 10.earth, Mother Nature.IV,阅读理解ABefore the end of the year, employees at Ubiquitous Energy, a company in Redwood City, Calif, will gather in a window-lined conference room to stare toward the future. Thafs because their new glass windows will offer more than an amazing view of t

26、he North California landscape. They will also be able to power the companys lights, computers and air conditioners.Several years in the making, Ubiquitous5 energy-producing glass is a remarkable technological achievement. Its power lies in the layers of organic polymers (聚合物)between sheets of glass.

27、 As light enters the window, the flow of electrons between the polymer layers creates an electric current, which is then collected by tiny wires in the glass.“Its sort of like a transparent computer display run in reverse （反过来），“says Veeral Hardev, director of business development at Ubiquitous Ener

28、gy. Instead of electricity being shuttled to different points in a display to light them up, light is producing electricity to be shuttled out of different points in the window.”Right now the windows produce about a third as much electricity from a given amount of sunlight as the typical solar cells

29、 used in roof panels （板）.These windows, about half as transparent as ordinary glass, dont work as well as transparent ones. Hardev says the company is likely to improve the transparency significantly. As for the lower output of electricity, he notes that windows can cover a much greater surface area

30、 than a roof, so numerous windows will produce a surprisingly larger amount of electricity than the production from a rooftop full of higher-efficiency solar panels. You could do both. says Hardev. But youll get more from the windows. The biggest challenge, “ he adds, “is increasing the windows from

31、 less than two square feet currently to about 50 square feet.991. What makes the new glass windows special?A. They can offer an amazing view.B. They are controlled by computers.C. They can power the conference room.D. They can help stare toward the future.2. What is Hardev trying to explain in Parag

32、raph 3?A. The source of light.B. The significance of different points.C. The similarity of computer and glass.D. The working principle of energy-producing glass.3. What can affect power production according to the passage?A. The transparency of the glass.B. The quality of the rooftop.C. The height o

33、f the solar panels.D. The thickness of the glass.4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Windows: A New Challenge of TechnologyB. Windows: No Longer Just for Letting in the LightC. Power: A Pressing Problem in the Near FutureD. Power: Not Enough from Rooftop Solar PanelsBLast

34、year saw one of the poorest salmon returns on record in North America. Yet, we are eating more fish than ever before. Aquaculture （水产养殖）production has tripled in the last two decades to meet this need, and another historic move was made by the FDA earlier this year, when a company received the first

35、 ever nod to sell a genetically modified salmon, a bioengineered version of the Atlantic salmon.US-based AquaBounty, the firm which received the go-ahead, said it would begin stocking fish in supermarkets “as soon as possible”. The first commercial harvest is expected at the end of 2020. At the mome

36、nt, Argentina, Brazil and China have also granted environmental approvals for genetically modified fish farming trials.This genetically modified salmon is actually a fish injected with the DNA of two other edible fish. The long road to the current version of the GM fish began in the 1980s when a phy

37、siologist named Garth Fletcher read about the work being done to genetically modify mice and wondered whether it could apply to salmon. He understood that the fishs growth hormones are most active in some seasons and considered changing this so that the honnones are always active. Cut to 2019, Fletc

38、hers GM fish is able to reach adult size in 16 to 18 months, compared with 30 months for natural Atlantic salmon, while consuming 25% less feed.In the United States, Atlantic salmon is endangered, so catching it is heavily restricted. It is currentlyimported from Chile, Norway and Canada. If the pro

39、duction and sales of AquaBounty go as planned, this will all change. And simultaneously, the company claims that farming the fish in their land-based hatcheries will lower the transportation cost as well as emissions associated with importing the fish as is currently done.This has not all been witho

40、ut stiff opposition, and protestors who have sent nearly 2 million comments to the FDA have had issues on three main fronts. Health risks, being the main one, as it has been with several other genetically modified foods in the past. The environmental group Earth Action says no one can predict what w

41、ill happen when people start eating the fish over time.5. What can we learn about AquaBounty?A. It is a firm located in Argentina.B. It performs research into GM fish.C. It deals with the production and sales offish.D. It is the only firm allowed to produce GM fish.6. One of the advantages of the GM

42、 salmon is that.A. it has proved to have no health risksB. it costs 25% less than imported salmonC. it can meet peoples ever increasing needD. it grows faster than natural Atlantic salmon7. Protestors against GM salmon worry that.A. fish markets will be seriously disturbedB. GM food has potential he

43、alth problemsC. GM salmon may not be up to the standardD. the environmental group Earth Action will not be satisfied8. The underlined word This” in the last paragraph probably refers to.A. the nod to sell a GM salmonB. the lower cost of GM salmonC. the prediction about what will happenD. the import

44、of salmon from Chile, Norway and CanadaV.七选五Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? ”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. 1 Like the child on the diving board,

45、you will stay undecided.2 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.You also need to judge the quality and depth of y

46、our motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 3 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity。青 H析）of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic go

47、als is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 4 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example,

48、you may want to be a pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough.5 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.

49、 Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.A. This can affect your work.B. So how should you motivate yourself?C. However, this should not discourage you.D. So why should we try to set specific goals?E. They can change according to circumstances.F. Motivation i