12 定语从句(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国).docx

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1、备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练（全国通用）12定语从句【知识框架】I.定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词 叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先 行词保持数的一致。关系词先行 词从句成分例句备注关 系 代 词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which 和 that 在从 句中做宾语时，常可以省 略，但介词提前时后面关 系代词不能省略，也不可 以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. S

2、mith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人或 物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that人或 物主语，宾 语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，

3、宾 语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人或 物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关 系 副 词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用 on whichwhere地点地点状语This

4、is the house where I was born.可用 in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用 for whichIL that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别【解析】考查定语从句。句意：和我一起去听音乐会的琳达非常喜欢音乐会。go with sb和某人一起去。with提前构成“介词+关系代词”构成的定语从句，先行词为Linda,作with的宾语。所以本句为“with whom” 引导的定语从句。故选C项。21. D【解析考查定语从句。句意：她一共有三个女儿，

5、其中两个是护士。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限 制性定语从句，修饰先行词three daughters,作介词of的宾语，指人，在“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性 定语从句中，指人，只能用whom。故选D。22. C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他把我对他说的话全忘了。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词all,先行词在从 句中作宾语，为不定代词，只能用that引导。故选C。23. D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：捂脸表情是如今年轻人使用的十大最热表情之一，其中很多表情在网络聊 天时被频繁使用。本句中先行词是emojis （表情），根据从句和先行词的关系可知，应该用of表示所属关 系，即 many of

6、 emojis。因此用 which 指代 emojis。故选 D。24. C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆叔叔住在一个山村，距离这里有两小时的路程。分析句子可知，空格 处是非限制性定语从句，在从句中缺少主语。where=介词+ which,在从句中做状语，因此排除A和B。D that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，因此排除D。故选C。25. A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，改编自刘慈欣的小说的热门电影流浪地球的预算将近有五千 万，其中大部分用在了内容和特效上。分析句子结构可知，此处使用的是非限制性定语从句，关系词指代 先行词$50 million,指物，并在从句中作介词of的宾语，故选择A

7、项。26. A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她写了很多书，它们中大多数被翻译成了外语。分析可知，空处引导非限 制性定语从句，先行词为books,指物，关系词在从句中作介词。f的宾语、应用关系代词which,介词+关 系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用Which。故选A。27. A【解析】考查定语从句和强调句式。句意：他的童年就是在他父亲用石头建造的小房子里度过的。分析句 子可知，第一空引导定语从句，small house为先行词，作定语从句的主语，关系代词为that或者which,第二个空为强调句式：itbe+强调部分+that （强调人可用who） +其它成分，强调地点用that。故选A项。2

8、8. B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：实验的结果非常好，这是我们没有料到的。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰 前面整个句子，从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which, that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选B。29. C【解析】考查关系代词。句意：在一个小时内，我们就可以去那些我们的祖先需要几天才能到达的地方。分析句子可知，places为先行词，作定语从句的主语，关系代词为which。故选C项。30. C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在加拿大，我可以在户外的学生活动中获得很多信息，这给我留 下了最深刻的印象。分析句子可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子作主语。故选C 项。31

9、. D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们学校有2000名学生，其中三分之二是女生。two thirds of +名词或者代 词，将of提前，构成介词+关系代词，本句的先行词为two thousand students,作of的宾语，关系代词为whom。 故选D项。32. D【解析】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：我认为来应聘这个岗位的人都很少人能适合这个工作。分析句子 结构可知，此句为定语从句和强调句。定语从句“have come to ask for the position”的先行词为few people,在定语从句中作主语，指人，故填who；此句为强调句，故第二空填that,故选D。33. D

10、【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：新年前夕，曼谷一家顶级夜总会发生大火，造成至少60人死亡，其 中大部分是外国人。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是60 people,指人，在从句 中做介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom。故选D项。34. D【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：战狼2确实是一部鼓舞人心的电影，在电影里冷锋帮助中国工人 和非洲当地人逃离一个非洲国家。此处是定语从句，先行词是an inspiring film,在从句中作地点状语，用关 系副词whereo故选D项。35. B【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这位中国将军在接受采访时表示，解放军将尽其所能保护我们的

11、每 一寸领土。they can (do)是定语从句，修饰先行词不定代词all,先行词在从句中作宾语，只能用关 系代词thato故选B项。36. C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亲爱的朋友们，你是否曾陷入过无法改变却不得不面对的尴尬境地?句中先 行词为situation,在非限定性定语从句中作宾语，指物，that不能引导非限定性定语从句，所以用关系代词 which引导。故选C。37. D【解析】考查介词+关系代词+t。do的结构。句意：Della仅有1美元87美分用来给她的丈夫Jim买一份圣 诞礼物。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中充当了 one dollar and eighty-seven ce

12、nts的定语，相当于定语从句 with which she could buy Jim, her husband, a Christmas present,当定语从句的主语和主句主语相同的时候常常 可以省略成“关系词+t。do”的结构；本题中关系词前介词with表示“用。故选D项。38. D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：村长把马拴在我的车上，要把车拉到20公里外的一个有车库的小镇上。分 析句子可知，此句为分割式定语从句，先行词为a small town,在从句中作地点状语，故选D。39. A【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：该评论的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究，该研究表明，每天 只需跑步

13、5到10分钟，就能降低各种原因导致的心脏病和早亡的风险。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性 定语从句，先行词为study,关系代词which引导从句，指代事物，在从句中作主语。故选A项。40. A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他在会上解释他工作粗心的原因吗？分析句子可知，本句为定语从 句，先行词为the reason,关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，可以用which和that引导该从句，关系词也可以 省略。故选A项。41. A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们正试图达成一个双方都会坐在一起讨论的点。空处引导限制性定语从 句，先行词为point,关系词代替它在从句作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词wher

14、e。故选A。42. B【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：他们谈论着他们所记得的人和事。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制 性定语从句，先行词为the persons and things,当先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词只能用that。故选B 项。43. B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽就是那个父母在中国工作的女孩。分析句子成分可知，the girl作先行 词，空格处应填定语从句的引导词，且从句中缺少定语，所以应用whose。故选B。44. C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是我曾看过的最好的电影。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了限制性定语 从句，先行词“film号旨物，由最高级修饰，关系代词必须用t

15、hat。故选择C项。45. B【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：汤姆就是那个英语学得好的男孩。A.which哪一个（指物，作主语或 宾语）；B.who谁（指人，作主语或宾语）；C.whom谁（指人，作宾语）。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填 入关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the boy,关系词指代人并在从句中作主语，故填who。故选B项。情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1 .先 行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时2 .先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, s

16、ome, few 等修饰时3 .先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰 时4 .先行词既指人又指物时5 .先行词被the only, the very修饰时6句中已经有who或which时，为了避 免重复时1 .He told me everything that he knows.2 .All the books that you offered has been given out.3 .This is the best film that I have ever read.4 .We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

17、5 .He is the only man that I want to see.6 .Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom 的 情况1 .在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which 指代物，用who/whom指人2 .在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从 句中,只能用which指物，whom指人。3 .先行词本身是that时,关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。l.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.2.1 like

18、the person to whom the teacher is talking.3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III. as which 和 that 的区别从句区别例句限制性 定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时,关 系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand.非限制性 定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主 句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，

19、并 可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面， 那么用as；而which引导的从句只能 放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.the same. as 和 the same .thatthe same. as指同类事物the same .that 指原物Thats the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具

20、, 不是同一把）Thats the same tool that I used last week.刃口就是我上 周用过的工具。注意：the way做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which引导或不用引导词。IV定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别类另UIX 另例句定语从句 与 并列句定语从句与并列句的主要区别在 于：并列句有像and, bu3 so等并 列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这 时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系 词了。Mr Li has three daughters, none ofis an engineer.Mr Li has three daughters, but non

21、e ofis a dancer.从结构上看，小题是定语从句，故填whom；小题有并列连词but,是并列句，故填代词them。定语从句 与 状语从句定语从句的前面有名词作先行词， 而状语从句没有先行词。This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为theplace）Lets go where we can find a better job.我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词， 只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从 句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以

22、放在主句的前面。Do you know the time when the class is over?你知道下课的 时间吗？（定语从句）It was already five oclock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句）When, where和why在引导定语从 句时可以用“介词+ which”的结构 来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。This is the factory in which （where） his father

23、once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句） Put back the book where it was.把书放回原处。（状语从句）定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当 某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句 成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的 连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去 掉后从句的成分仍然完整。It is such an interesting book as we all like.它是我们大家都 喜欢的如此有趣的书。（as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句）It is such an interesting book that we all like it.它是

24、一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。（that不允当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句）定语从句 与 同位语从 句定语从句在复合句中相当于形容 词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制 的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。 同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面 的名词给予补充说明或进一步解 释，是前面名词的具体内容,与先行 词之间是同位关系。The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句） 此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam

25、可以改写成表语从句:The news is that he passed the exam.The news that he told us interested all of us.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句）The news that he told us是定语从句，此句不能改写为：The news is that he told us.定语从句 与 强调句强调句的结构为“Itis/was+被强 调部分+ that+从句”。被强调部分 可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当 被强调部分是人时，还可用who代 替thato这一句型中，一定不能因 为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词 就用w

26、hen或where代替thatoIt is on the morning of May 1stI met Liang Wei atthe airport.（Dlt is the factoryMr Wang works.从结构上看：小题是强调句，故填thato小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前 差个介词in,故填whereo【能力提升】1. In the spring, a season we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the naturalworld.A. whenB.

27、whereC. whatD. which2. The pen he wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.A. with whichB. on whichC. for whichD. in which3. The first thing my brother is going to do this afternoon is to study physics.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. in which4. When he goes to his hometown ,he always wants to visit the

28、place he grew up.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. on which5. She lived in the house she used to visit.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. what6. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food is provided by Mon with appreciation.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. whose7. We will put off the picnic in the park until next

29、week,the weather will be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when8. Yesterday she sold her car, she bought a month ago.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which9. You should make it a rule to leave things in the places you can find them again.A. whenB. whereC. thenD. which10. Learning is a process we adapt oursel

30、ves to our surroundings.A. whenB. howC. thatD. where11. After a while, she apologized for the way she behaved at the beginning.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. on which12. It was in the 1980s,he was already in his fifties,his career as a poet began to take off.A. when; when B. that; thatC. that; whenD. whe

31、n; that13. 一Do you like the red car was made in Shanghai?一Yes. It looks cool.A. whereB. whoC. whoseD. which14. The Palace Museum released such fascinating lipstick collections in six colors fashion lovers cannothelp buying.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what15. The Shoton Festival in Tibet was originally a

32、religious occasion locals would offer yogurt to monks who had finished meditation retreats.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when16. Both Stan Lee and Louis Cha may have stopped writing in the 1970s, but their works live on and will continue to change the way we think and act.A. howB. whichC. whatD. that17.

33、 Donald survived when the car he was in crashed into a truck from the opposite side.A. asB. whereC. thatD. once18. He got himself into a dangerous situationhe was likely to lose control over the plane.A. whileB. whichC. whereD. why19. In the UK, what impressed me most was the Information Association

34、,I got lots of chances to practicemyself.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. where20. Linda,C. with whom I wentD. with which I went21. She had three daughters altogether, twoare nurses.A. of theseB. of themC. of whoseD. of whom22. He forgot allI had said to him.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. whento the concert, enjo

35、yed it very much.B. I went withA. with who I went23. The fhce-palm“ is one of the 10 hot emojis nowadays used by young people,many are frequently employed in online chats.A. of whomB. to whomC. through whichD. of which24. Uncle Tom lives in a mountainous village,is two hours* ride from here.A. where

36、B. in whichC. whichD. that25. Adapted from Liu Cixins novel, the hit film The Wandering Earth reportedly had a budget of nearly $50 million, much of spent on content and special effects.A. whichB. themC. itD. what26. She wrote a lot of books, most of were translated into foreign languages.A. whichB.

37、 themC. itD. that27. It was in the small house was built with stones by his father he spent his childhood.A. that, thatB. where, thatC. where, whenD. where, which28. The result of the experiment was very good,we hadnt expected.A. whenB. whichC. whatD. that29. In an hour, we can travel to places woul

38、d have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what30. In Canada, I could get lots of information outside in the Student Activity,impressed me most.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. when31. There are two thousand students in our school,are girls.A. two-thirds in whichB. two-thirds in the

39、mC. two-thirds of themD. of whom two thirds32. It is few people,have come to ask for the position, fit for the job.A. who; who do I think isB. that; I think isC. that; who I think areD. who; that I think are33. On New Years Eve, a big fire swept through a top nightclub in Bangkok, killing at least 6

40、0 people, most of were foreigners.A. themB. whoC. whichD. whom34. Wolf Warrior II is really an inspiring film Leng Feng helps Chinese workers and African locals toescape from an African country.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where35. The Chinese general said in an interview that the PLA would do all they

41、can to protect every inch ofour territory （领土）.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. as36. Have you ever been in an embarrassing situation, my dear friends,you cant change but have to face?A. whereB. whoC. whichD. when37. Della had only one dollar and eighty-seven cents Jim, her Husband, a Christmas present.A. to

42、 buyB. which to buy C. for him to buy D. with which to buy38. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away there was a garage.A. whichB. whatC. on whichD. where39. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 show

43、ed a mere five to 10 minutesa day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.A. whichB. to whichC. in whichD. when40. Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. he explainedB. what he explained C. how he explainedD. why he explained.41. W

44、ere trying to reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which42. They talked about the persons and things they remembered.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom43. Mary is the girl parents are working in China.A. whoB. whoseC. thatD. which44. It is the best film I have

45、ever seen.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what45. Tom is the boy is good at English.A. whichB. whoC. whomD./参考答案LA【解析】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。 此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。2 . A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他写那本书用的钢笔现在可以在博物馆里看到。分析句子结构可知，空处 引导定语从句，先行词thepen,指物，在定语从句中作宾语，write with为固定用法

46、，意为“用写”，w汕 提到关系代词which前面。故选A。3 .C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我弟弟今天下午要做的第一件事是学物理。此处为定语从句修饰先行词thing, 先行词在从句中作宾语，且由序数词修饰，只能用that引导。故选C。4 .C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当他回到家乡时，他总是想去参观他长大的地方。分析句子结构可知，空 处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是place,指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关 系副词where引导定语从句。故选Co5 . A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她住在她过去常去参观的那所房子里。此处为定语从句修饰先行词house, 先行词在从句中

47、作宾语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故选A。6 . B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：明白她的好意，我带着感激之情吃了所有Mon准备的食物。分析句子成分 可知，the food作先行词，且从句中缺少主语，所以应用关系代词，结合语法知识点可知，当先行词前有不 定代词修饰时，关系代词应用that。故选B。7 .D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将推迟野餐到下周，那时候天气可能会好点儿.句中先行词为next week, 在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。8 .D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：昨天她把车卖了，那车是她一个月前买的。空格处引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词her car,在从句中作宾语，应该用