福建省三明市第一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期8月月考(开学考)英语试题.docx

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1、福建省三明市第一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期8月月考 （开学考）英语试题学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、阅读理解Female journalists who changed the worldHelen ThomasHelen was a White House reporter who had a front row seat of history as she interviewed ten American presidents across her career. She was praised for her cruel drive, with one White House p

2、ress secretary describing her questioning as torture（拷问）.Her refusal to hide her strong opinions, even when asking questions to a president, made her one of the best-known journalists in Washington and a rule in her field.Marie ColvinThe passionate and award-winning American journalist Marie Colvin

3、worked as a foreign reporter at The Sunday Times from 1985 until she died in February 2012, while covering the Siege of Homs（霍姆斯的围攻）in Syria. Marie crossed into Syria on the back of a motorcycle, ignoring the Syrian governments attempt to prevent foreign journalists from entering the country.Mary Ga

4、rberIn 1946, sports journalism was a mans job where female sports writers werent allowed to enter press boxes. Mary Garber changed that by paving the way for female sports writers. She first covered high school sports and then reported on college athletics. In June 2005, she became the first woman t

5、o receive the Associated Press Sports Editors Red Smith Award, presented annually since 1981 for major contributions to sports journalism.Ann LeslieFew reporters have filed stories from more than 70 countries, but British journalist Ann Leslie is considered a unique force in journalism. Because the

6、73-ycar-old woman has witnessed and reported on some of the most significant events of the late 20th century. She was there when the Berlin Wall came down, and she lost her shoes in the crush waiting for Nelson Mandela*s release.1. What do we know about Helen from Paragraph 1 ?2.陈述理由（感悟）。注意:1.词数100左

7、右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。可能用到的词汇：malaria疟疾;artemisinin青蒿素Dear Miss Tu,Yours sincerely,Li HuaA. She made friends with ten American presidents.B , She liked to make her strong opinions known.C. She often got into trouble due to her questions.D. She was regarded as the best journalist in America.2. From P

8、aragraph 2 we can infer that Marie ColvinA. was a very brave womanB , enjoyed riding a motorcycleC. was awarded by the Syrian governmentD. was killed by the Syrian government3. Who opens the door for women sports reporters?A. Helen Thomas. B. Marie Colvin. C. Mary Garber. D. Ann Leslie.When John Tod

9、d was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to cle

10、an up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （细菌）? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals

11、and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge （污 泥）.First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other

12、. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the res

13、ults. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse - like facility that treated sewage C亏水）from 1,600 home

14、s in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.Ecological design is the name John gives to what he does. Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor/9 he says. You put organisms in new relationships and observe what

15、s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.5. . Why did John put the sludge into the tank

16、s?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.6. What is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review Johns research plans.C. To compare Johns different jobs.7. What is the basis for Johns work?A. Nature can repair itself.C. Life on Ea

17、rth is diverse.B , To show an application of Johns idea.D. To erase doubts about Johns invention.8. Organisms need water to survive.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.Alan Mathison Turing was born in England in 1912. Like many talents who go on to great things, Turing showed his incredible intell

18、igence from a very young age. In fact, by the time he was halfway through primary school, Turings teachers had already realized he was a mathematical genius. He could do complex calculating in his head even though he had never been taught about it.Fortunately, Turing was the opposite of Hawking, and

19、 he absolutely loved school. Proof of this is the extreme lengths he would go just to get to class. For example, on one occasion when there was a train strike, Turing even cycled 60 miles to attend. Now thats devotion!However, in spite of Turings scholarly attitude and his obvious genius, his teache

20、rs had their concerns about his future. This is because well-known schools in Britain like the ones Turing attended regarded the Classics, such as Latin and Greek as the most important, not subjects like maths and science. Turings proud teachers even wrote letters to his parents asking them to convi

21、nce the young man to focus more on the Classics. Imagine how different the world might be if the young Turing had listened to his teachers! Thankfully, his love for all things scientific and mathematical meant there was no chance of that.After finishing secondary school, Turing completed a degree in

22、 mathematics at Kings College Cambridge, and then obtained his PhD from Princeton University in the USA. It was during these university years that he invented the Turing Machine, which is considered by many people to be the earliest version of a computer processing unit. It sounds unbelievable that

23、anybody could have invented something which was similar to a computer in 1936. But that just shows how far ahead of his time Alan Turing was, even when he was still a young man.8. What can be inferred about Turing according to paragraphs 1-2?A. He maintained interest in the Classics.B. He rejected a

24、ttending famous schools.C. He showed a strong desire for schooling.D. He ignored parents advice on course selection.9. What does the writer think of the Turing Machine?A. He argues its still limited in many functions.B. He thinks its influential in computer history.C. He doubts if it is truly invent

25、ed by a young man.D. He considers the construction of such machines impossible.10. What is the authors main purpose in writing this passage?A. To indicate the link between genius and success.B. To illustrate the invention of the Turing Machine.C. To stress the impact of teachers9 guidance on Turings

26、 life.D. To introduce Turings genius, scholarly attitude and achievement.11. What does Turings story tell us?A. Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.B. Ordinary people hope, while talented people create.C. Contented with little, yet wishing for more.D. Chances favor the minds that are

27、prepared.ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The Al-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology

28、companies.The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.“

29、We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it J says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. Now youll have this resource that can process the whole internet and all of the information it conta

30、ins for you to answer your question79ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result, the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI c

31、autions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that.Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate

32、 long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books.However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students diff

33、icult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools. 12. What is the unique feature of ChatG

34、PT?A. It has artificial intelligence.B. It can answer users9 questions.C. It has the largest number of users.D. It can engage in meaningfulconversations.13. What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics?A.Its capability of information processing.B.Its accurate information.C.Its availability

35、of up-to-date data.D.Its vast body of questions.14. Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it?A.ChatGPT is unable to think itself.B.ChatGPT lacks creativity.C.ChatGPT offers illogical information.D.ChatGPT is not properly trained.15. . What is the authors attitude towards ChatGPT?A. Fav

36、orable. B. Disapproving. C. Objective.D. Intolerant.二、七选五Research from Harvard Universitys Wyss Institute have made robotic shorts, that can help people use less energy when they walk or run.16 A motor on the users back pulls cables connected to the laps.In the past, such devices have focused only o

37、n helping people walk or run, but not both, since walking and running use different hip （臀部）movements. But a computer on the shorts can tell which way the user is moving, 17The researchers found that the main benefit of the shorts was reducing the energy people needed to walk or run. In tests, the e

38、nergy needed for walking was reduced by 9.3 percent. 18 Less energy was needed both on flat ground and on hills.The researchers said that while the shorts weigh about 5 kilograms, moving with them makes users feel lighter. The tests showed that a person walking with the device would feel 4 kilograms

39、 lighter, 19The team now also wants to make the device itself 40 percent lighter. They hope the shorts can help people in danger of injury at work and those who want to improve their physical performance, 20 Conor Walsh, who helped lead the study, says he hopes such devices will be available to ever

40、yone in the future.A. as well as those with disabilities.B. Are you eager to possess such kind of shorts?C. and someone running would feel 5.7 kilograms lighter.D. For running, people needed about 4 percent less energy.E. but those excellent athletes are also able to benefit from running.F. The shor

41、ts are made of soft material and are designed to be easy to move in.G. allowing the device to provide the right kind of assistance for both movements.三、完形填空A teenager from New York has invented a low-cost tool to spot elephant poachers （偷猎 者）in real time.Anika Puri, 17, won the 2022 Peggy Scripps Aw

42、ard for Science Communication for her model of a machine-learning-driven software that 21 movement patterns inthermal infrared （热红夕卜线）videos of humans and elephants.Im very excited by the 22 focusing on endangered species and environmental science/9 Puri said.During a recent trip to India, Puri real

43、ized that elephants were still being 23 for their tusks.I was quite shocked79 Puri said. Because I always thought. Well, poaching is 24: how come it really is still such a big 25?”Over the next two years, Puri 26 the software ElSa （short for elephant savior）. This wildlife poacher detection solution

44、 is based on a 27 process: an ElSa camera attached to an iPhone 28 over a park on a drone （无人机）and 29 the movements of elephants or humans.Puri says the software is four times more 30 than existing state-of-the-art detection methods. It also removes the 31 for expensive high-resolution （高分辨率的） therm

45、al cameras.The 17-year-olds invention has earned 32 from notable scientists. Puris software is quts admirable”, says Jasper Eikelboom, an ecologist. Its quite 33 that a senior high school student has been able to 34 such a solution like this. Not only the research and the analysis but also being abl

46、e to 35 it in the models.”21. A. changesB.repeatsC. analyzesD. encounters22. A. theoryB.inventionC. intentionD. discovery23. A. killedB.raisedC. protectedD defeated24. A. commonB.foolishC. typicalD. illegal25. A. issueB.reliefC. burdenD. responsibility26. A. soldB.createdC. obtainedD. downloaded27.

47、A. cheapB.secureC. simpleD. gradual28. A. fliesB.flowsC. jumpsD. spreads29. A. directsB.detectsC. guidesD. prevents30. A. costlyB.complexC. accurateD. scientific31. A. needB.troubleC. differenceD. preference32. A. incomeB.praiseC. argumentD. confidence33.A. crucialB.abnormalC. beneficialD. remarkabl

48、e34.A. make upB.take upC. put up withD. come up with35.A. hideB.absorbC. applyD. evaluate四、用单词的适当形式完成句子36. Tu Youyou, a and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, （commit）（所给 词的适当形式填空）37. （use） a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.（所给单词适当形式填空）38. It is indeed an honor for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine （spread） around the world.（所给词的适当形式填空）39.