（人教版）英语八年级上册 Unit 2 知识梳理.docx

《（人教版）英语八年级上册 Unit 2 知识梳理.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《（人教版）英语八年级上册 Unit 2 知识梳理.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Unit 2 How often do you exercise?知识梳理重点短语go to the movies=go to the cinemaon the weekend=at the weekend 在这个周末, use the Internet使用互联网help with housework 帮忙做家务swing dance 摇摆舞stay up（late）熬夜（到很晚）play sports=do sports 做运动at least至少；不少于；起码go to bed early 早唾every day每天（作时间状语）junk food垃圾食品every night每晚（作状语

2、）how often多久一次go camping 去野营more than=over 多于not.at all 一点也不go online=surf on the Internet 上网less than 少于one to three times a week 一周一至三次most of大部分on weekends二at weekends（泛指）在周末看电影在本周末have lessons 上课hardly ever儿乎从不watch TV看电视go shopping 去购物twice a week每周两次once a week 每周一次junk food垃圾食品go to the denti

3、st 去看牙医have to do不得不做16-year-old 16 岁的a lot of许多，大量free time activities 课余活动teeth cleaning 洗牙fast food 快餐the answer to.的答案a few几个，一些such as例如；像这样old habits die hard 旧习难改重点句型1. She says its good for my health,她说牛奶对我的健康有好处。2.,but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day

4、 ，但令我们吃惊的是90%的学生每天都会上网。3. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.尽 管很多学生喜欢看体育节目，但游戏类节目却是最受欢迎的。4.Exercise such as playing sports is fun, and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.像做运动之类的锻炼是很有趣的，并且当你与家人和 朋友一起运动时，你们可以共享时光。5.She says s

5、he is afraid!她说她害怕！6.Dont worry-you can do it!别担心一你能做到!“穿”法不同(l)cross是动词，指(从表面)穿过、越过、渡过(可直接接宾语)。(2)across指从这边到那边平面通过，横过(含义与on有关，”动词walk/go/runswim等”相 当于常与 cross,street,bridge,river 等连用。(3)through强调从内部“穿过”，含义与in有关，如穿过森林、树林、城市、窗户等。(4)over越过(指从上方跨过)。15.花费Sb. spend some time/money on sth.某人花费时间/钱在某物上。St

6、h. cost sb. some money 某物花了某人钱。Sb.pay some money for sth.某人为某物支付钱。Sb.pay for sth.某人为某物付款。Sb.pay sb.money某人付给某人钱。It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人时间。式.takespendI paycostI It takes sb st to do sth took/taken it/sth I sbSth takes sb stSb spends inoney/time in doing sth spenl/spent sb sth/st

7、Sb spends money on sth paid/paid sb money Sb pays money Ibr sth cosl/cost sth sb Sth cost sb monevtake的用法take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：过去式took,过去分词taken(1) It takes sb. +时间+ to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例： Repairing t

8、his car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。Sb. spend some time/money (in)doing sth.某人花费时间/钱在 做某事上。spend的用法spend主语是人，常用于以下结构：过去式spent过去分词spent(1) spend money on sth.在上花费时间。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spend time / money (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事。彳列：They spent two yea

9、rs (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买。例：His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了。cost的用法cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值“，常见用法如下：(1) sth. costs (sb.) +金钱，某物花了(某人)多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间，某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例：Rememberin

10、g these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。pay的用法pay的过去式和过去分词paid,基本用法是：pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱(给某人)买。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth付的钱。： I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb.替

11、某人付钱。例：Don t worry! ril pay for you.别担心，我会给你付钱的。另外：pay sb.付钱给某人，pay money back 还钱，pay off ones money 还清钱 【即时练习】(3) )1.1 have to them 20 pounds for this room each month.A. payB. paidC. costD. took(4) )2. They spend too much time the report.A. writing B. to write C. on writing D. write(5) )3. What bea

12、utiful shoes youre wearing! They must be expensive .No, they only 10 yuan.A. spentB. tookC . paidD cost)4. -Will you please for my dinner, Peter?Sure!A. spendB. payC. costD.take)5. It will me too much time to read this book.A. takeB. costC. spendD.pay【答案】AADBA7 .How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？8

13、.What kind of dance are you learning?你在学哪种舞蹈？9 .Hmm. next week is quite full for 01血1 usually （约 80%90%） often （约 60%） sometimes （约40%） seldom （约 20%） hardly ever （约 10%） never （0%）He is always asking for money.他总是要钱。We often have lunch at school.我们经常在学校吃午饭。【例题】 l,He seldom drives his car in the dow

14、ntown because theres too much traffic.A.alwaysB.hardly everC.sometimesD.often解析：考查频度副词，seldom意思是“很少，几乎不。【例题】2.Please be polite and offer your seat to people who need it.A.neverB.seldomC.sometimesD.always解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：请有礼貌，总是给有需要的人让座。never从不；seldom 很少；sometimes有时；always总是。根据语境可知，此处表示总是给有需要的人让座。3 onc

15、e,twice,three times.次数构成频率的表达方式。（1）次数+ a+时间（年1月1日/分钟）once a year每年一次twice a month 每月两次（2）次数数I every+基基数词I时间（年/月/日/分钟）once every four years 每四年一次 seven times every two minutes 每两分钟七次拓展：every two days=every other day 每两天4对频率提问时，一般用how often （多久一次）。-How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次？ Once a month.每月一次。

16、辨析 how often 与 how many times how often多久一次，用来询问在某一段时间内进行某个动作的次数。how many times多少次，它不问动作发生的频率，只询问次数，即“多少次。其答语为 once,twice,threetimes 等 oHow many times have you been to Beijing?你去过北京几次？ Only twice.仅两次。How often do you go to Beijing?你多久去一次北京？Twice a month.每个月两次。【例题】3.一 do you play sports,Ella? Every d

17、ay. It*s necessary for us to play sports an hour a day at school.A.How muchB.How oftenC.How long答案B解析：句意：一Ella,你多久做一次运动？一每天。在校每天做一小时运动对我们来说很有必要。 根据答语中的“Every day”可知，问句是询问频率。How much多少（钱），用于询问不可数 名词的数量或用于询问价钱；How often多久一次，询问频率；How long多长，询问一段时 间或物体的长度。例题4.一oAt least three times.A.How much do you pay

18、 for Treasure Island?B.How often have you read Treasure Island?C.How long does it take you to finish reading Treasure Island?D.How many times have you read Treasure Island?解析:用语境分析法解题。根据答语可知，问句问的是次数，选项A问的是买金银岛的 价钱；选项B问的是多久读一次金银岛；选项C问的是花多长时间读完金银岛；选项D问的是读了 多少次金银岛。重点知识1. help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事She of

19、ten helps her mother with housework.她经常帮助妈妈做家务。help作名词时的常用短语：with the help of在的帮助下ones help没有某人的帮助拓展：help作动词，常见用法：help oneself to sth.随便吃 / 喝Please help yourself to some bread.请随便吃些面包吧。can*t/ couldn help doing sth.忍不住做某事When he heard the good news, he couldnt help jumping.当他听到这个好消息时,他情不自禁地 跳起来了。help

20、 sb. with sth.=help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事My brother often helps me (to) do my homework.=My brother often helps me with my homework. 我哥哥经常帮我做家庭作业。2. 有时 sometimes/at times/from time to timesometimes 有时辨析：sometimes, some times, sometime 与 some timesometimes频度副词 意为“有时;间或”,相当于attimes.可用于句首、句中或句末。对 其提问要使

21、用how often.some times名词短语 意为“几次；几回 其中time是可数名词，意思是“次；回”。对 其提问要使用how many times.sometime副词意为“在某个时候”，表示某个不确定或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或 将来时，对其提问要使用when.some time名词短语 意为“一段时间”，常和延续性动词连用，对其提问要使用how long.速记小法：分开是“一段” (some time),牵手是sometime);分加 s 是“倍;次”(some tines),合加s是“有时“(sometimes)【例句】Tom is a good student. He do

22、es his homework after school, but heplays basketball with his friends.A. usually;often B. usually; usually C.usually; sometimesD.never;usually解析：考查频率副词。usually意为“通常”，表示的频率大，sometimes意为“有时 表示的频 率小。3. how often 的用法how often意为“多久一次 用来对动作发生的频率进行提问。How often do you go to the library?你多长时间去一次图书馆？Twice a w

23、eek/Every day.每周去两次/每天都去。辨析 how often,how long,how soonhow often多久一次，对频率提问how long多久、多长时间，对时间段提问how soon多久，对将来的时间提问 How long have you lived here?你在这儿住多久了 ？For 20.20 years,二十年了。- How soon will your husband come back?你丈夫多久才能回来？ Hell come back in 3 days.他三天后回来。拓展由how构成的特殊疑问短语还有：how old多大年龄（对年龄进行提问）how

24、far多远（对距离进行提问）how many多少（对可数名词的量进行提问how much多少；多少钱（对不可数名词的量或价格进行提问）how long多长（对物体的长度进行提问）how heavy多重（对重量进行提问）how wide多宽（对宽度进行提问）have to意为“必须；不得不”，表示客观上要做的事，必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。其否 定句、疑问句与实义动词的变化规律一致。She doesnt have to come to school tomorrow.她明天不必到学校来。注意4.have to和must都有“必须”之意，但是have to侧重于强调客观条件需要做的事情，而 mus

25、t侧重于表示说话人的主观看法，认为有义务，有必要去做某事。His grandpa has to stay in bed because he is ill.他爷爷病 了，不得不卧床休息。We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们必须保持教室干净整洁。重要考点have to用于must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答。此时dont/doesnl have to相当于 neednt.mustnt表示禁止；一定不要 Mom,must I go home now?妈妈，我现在必须回家吗？ No,you dont have to/needn.You can go

26、home a little later.不，你不必。你可以晚点回家。We mustnt eat in class.我们在课堂上禁止吃东西。 【例句】Must I make a phone call to him now?No,you .You write an e-mail.A.mustn*t;mayB.may not;mustC.shouldnmustD.dont haveto;may 解析考查情态动词辨析。句意为“我必须现在打电话给他吗？”“不，不需要。你可以给他写 电子邮件。以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答用“No,neednt或No,.dont have to.”，故选D.5.su

27、rprised 的用法surprised意为“感到吃惊的。be surprised to do sth.表示“对做某事感到惊讶”；be surprised at sth.表示“对某事感到惊讶:以上句式都是人做主语。We are surprised that she is ill.她生病 了，我们感到吃惊。I was surprised at seeing him there.在那里看见他，我感到很惊讶。 要点辨析 surprised, surprising surprised形容词 感到吃惊、意外,人做主语 surprising形容词 令人惊奇的，物做主语或在句中做定语 一言辨异They we

28、re surprised to hear the surprising news.听到这个令人惊奇的消息他们很吃惊。 拓展surprise做名词，意为“惊奇，诧异To my surprise,he won the prize.令我吃惊的是他得奖了。 固定搭配to ones suiprise使某人感到惊讶的是;in surprise惊讶地，惊奇地（修饰动词）;get a surprise吃惊。【例句】 my surprise,the twins have nothing common.A.To;inB.With;inC.In;toD.To;of解析考查介词。to ones surprise意为“

29、令某人惊讶的是；have.in common意为“有相同特征”, 故选A.6.the answer to 的用法the answer to表示的答案/回答，to是介词。Read this passage,and find out the answer to this question.阅读这篇短文，并找出这个问题的答 案。拓展介词t。的用法：the answer to.的答案the key to.的答案/钥匙/秘诀the ticket to.的票the way to去(地方)的路the solution to.的解决方案the bridge to knowledge通往知识的桥梁the sec

30、ret to.的秘诀7.such as的用法such as意为“比如；例如 用于引出同类事物或人中的多个例子。I have lots of interests,such as singing,dancing,drawing and so on.我有许多兴趣,例如唱歌、跳 舞、画画等。拓展for example也表示“例如”，一般用以引出同类事物或人中的一个例子。I have lots of interests,for example,singing.我有许多兴趣，例如，唱歌。 注意such as后接多个例子，for example后接一个例子。1.1 t is/was+adj. +(for s

31、b.) to do sth.的用法(高频考点)“It is/was+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.”句式意为“做某事对于某人来说”，句中It指代下文动词不定式，做形式主语。介词for后的宾语为动作逻辑上的执行者。Its difficult for us to finish the work on time.对我们来说，按时完成这项工作很困难。难点突破“It is/was+形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth.”中sb.为宾格代词或名词。对某人来说做某事是.It is/was+形容词 for sb.to do sth.形容词是描述事物的词，如 necessar

32、y,difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous 等 做某事某人是.“It is/was+形容词+ of sb.to do sth.形容词表示人的性格与品质,如kind,nice,clever,foolish等Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。Its very kind of you to help me.你能帮我真好。【例句】Its necessary for students eye exercises.B.doingC.to doA.do解

33、析考查非谓语动词。句意：对学生们来说做眼保健操很有必要。由力tis+形容词+ forsb.to dosth.”句型可知,故选C.9 .That sounds interesting.主语+系动词+表语结构的简单句型。这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound （听起来），look （看起来），smell （闻起来）， taste （尝起来），feel （觉得），seem （好象）,grow （变得），get （变得）等词在英语中可用 作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。Th

34、e smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓 了。10 .find+宾语+宾补（1） find+宾语+名词，发现例如：We have found him （to be） a good boy.我们发现他是个好男孩。（2） find +宾语+形容词，发现例如：He found the room dirty.他发现房间很脏。（3） find+宾语+现在分词，发现 例如：I found her standing at the door,我发现她站在门 口。11 .be good for对有好处be good for意为“对有益/好处”，反义词组be bad fo

35、r意为“对有害，for后接名词、 代词或动词一ing形式。Eating fruit and vegetables is good for our health.吃水果和蔬菜对我们的健康有好处。辨析 be good at,be good to,be good for,be good withbe good at 擅长be good to对友好be good for对有益处be good with善于应付的；对有办法一言辨异Mr.Smith is good at playing the piano.He is good to his students and is good with childr

36、en. He thinks drinking milk is good for our health.史密斯先生擅长弹钢琴。他对学生很好，管理孩 子有一套。他认为喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。12 .数词+percent of十名词/代词的百分之“基数词+percent+of”结构中谓语的单复数由percent of后面跟的名词（或代词）决定。 percent做名词,意为“百分之Seventy percent of the teachers in this school are women.这个学校的老师百分之七十是女老师。 Twenty percent of the milk is bad.百分

37、之二十的牛奶坏了。13 .by +v. - ing 的用法by+v.ing构成的短语可做行为方式状语。by后接名词、代词、动名词形式，表示“通 过某种方式、手段做某事”。拓展by+交通工具，“乘”by做介词，“在边”,相当于nearby+时间，“不迟于到时”by用于被动语态，后接动作执行者by oneself表示“独自地；单独地”固定搭配by the way 顺便问一下；by mistake 弄错;by accident 偶然地；by turns 轮流；learn by heart 背会，记住；one by one一个一个地；st叩by step一步一步地。9.the best way to

38、do sth,做某事的最好方法14. through 的用法【例句】The sun shone the window and left a tiny rainbow on the wall.A.overB.alongC.throughD.across解析考查介词的用法。句意：太阳照进窗户，在墙上留下一缕微小的彩虹。through（穿越； 穿过）指从窗户内部穿过。over（跨过），along （沿着），across（横过）都与语境不符，故选 C.through做介词，意为“穿过;穿越；穿透”。I saw it through the window.我透过窗户看见了 它。要点辨析 cross,across,through,over