北京市海淀区高三一模英语试题.docx

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1、海淀区高三年级第二学期期中练习英语试题本试卷共10页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答 无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题L5分,共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。At 8, 1 started taking art lessons （improve） my painting skills. However, later, I found that I focused too

2、 much on mastering different techniques. Eventually, I became more distressed when my expectations werent matched.So, in the 11th Grade, I returned to the basics. On 2 sketchbook I forced myself to draw whatever interested me. Over time, I have been released from the tight control. I have learned th

3、at a good painting is not about having perfect technique. In fact, all I need to do is trust my 3 （create） talents and find moments of joy in life. 【答案】1. to improve2. a 3. creative【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者小时候太专注于绘画技巧，画技却未提高让作者很痛苦，在11年级时, 作者画自己喜欢的东西，这让作者明白要相信自己的创造性天赋和找寻生活中快乐的时刻。【1题详解】考查动词不定式。分析语境可知，此处表目，

4、意为“为了”，所以用动词不定式（t。do）。故填to improve。【2题详解】考查冠词。分析语境可知，此处指“在一本素描本上”，表泛指，用不定冠词a。故填a。【3题详解】考查形容词。名词talents需要形容词修饰，所以此空用形容词。故填creative。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In recent years, trampolining （蹦床）has bee a new craze among Chinese youths. Short videos4 （show） 届学生的记忆。），

5、第三段中的“I cannot forget the endless hours studying, researching, and learning in themiddle of the musty books in the stacks.n（ 我无法忘记在书堆里发霉的书中间没完没了地学习、研究和 学习。），倒数第二段中的 “So, I enrolled in oceanography with Dr. Taro Takahashi （the famous climate scientist）, which awakened my environmental justices, and c

6、hanged my professional direction.v（所以， 我和著名的气候 科学家高桥太郎博士一起注册了海洋学，这唤醒了我对环境正义的兴趣，改变了我的专业方向。）和最后一 段中的“1 truly loved my four undergraduate years at the University of Rochester.v（我真的很喜欢我在罗切斯特大学的四年本科生活。），可推断出3个人都在讲他们大学的学习经历。故选C项。【点睛】在高考中，细节理解题为频繁常考题型，集中考查文中细节。在做此类题型时，同学们可以先从 问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅技巧迅速在文

7、中找到这一细节，把这部分内容仔细 读一遍，比较所给选项与文中细节的细微差别。如在第1小题中，分析问题，得到关键词Paul Boehm,迅 速定位到倒数第二段下，找到句子 “So, I enrolled in oceanography with Dr. Taro Takahashi （the famous climate scientist） , which awakened my environmental justices, and changed my professional direction. “ 可知， 可知 Paul Boehm发现了他对海洋科学的兴趣。故选D项。BEarly F

8、ebruary, I was flying up to Ohio. Well prepared, I had everything in my favour一fuel for five hours, charts in order, my flight plan on my lap, and a beautiful clear sky.I was wrong.I had heard about Alberta Clippers ing out of Canada. I knew all about themhow an entire air mass was streaming along a

9、t over sixty miles an hour.That morning, the Weather Briefer informed me that an Alberta Clipper was going over Chicago about the time I got to the airport. Chicago was some 400 miles from my destination-not a factor, or so I thought. That was the first hint I missed.The controller called and asked

10、if I wanted to adjust my flight plan. I did the check and everything was in the green. So I told him no. Twenty minutes later the controller called again asking whether I wanted to adjust my flight plan. I checked everything. All was fine. I ignored that hint. I was fooled by the smooth air and limi

11、ted experience with a rapidly moving air mass that was not changing violently. The Alberta Clipper was clipping along.The first blast of turbulence （气流）struck my plane. 1 got slammed into the roof, and then slammed sideways hitting the window with such force up my nose that I started bleeding.After

12、a 2-hour flight of 100 miles, I realized fuel was now an issue. So was landing. I called Flight Following. We figured out the airport I could land.The engine stopped. So did my heart. There is no quiet as quietly stunning as this one at such an altitude. I hadrun out of fuel in the left tank, and on

13、ly a little in my right tank. The engine quit for a second time. I declared an emergency. I was told that I might get another few minutes of fuel if I gently banked the airplane. Luckily, it worked. Then, the engine quit for the last time. I was a glider now. I made a long lazy spiral descent. Down

14、I went. I stopped at the very end of the runway.I made so many mistakes, missed so many clues, and showed my ignorance so much that I beat myself up over and over again in my mind. I learned textbook descriptions of Alberta Clippers and real-life experience with one are totally different. I will nev

15、er forget the sound of that silence.I flew home the next day Older. Wiser. Humbler. Lucky.34. We can know from the passage that Alberta Clippers.A. can bring snowstormsB. are quick-moving air massesC. are violently changing air pressureD. can lead to a sudden temperature drop35. What mainly led to t

16、he authors missing all the hints?A. His lack of flying experience.B. His poor preparation for the journey.C. His misjudgement about the air mass.D. His overconfidence in his piloting skills.36. Which is the right order of the events?a. I declared an emergency.b. My airplane was running out of fuel.c

17、. I insisted on carrying on my flight plan.d. I was thrown to the roof by the violent air mass.e. I slightly banked my airplane and made a landing.A. dcbeaB. dcebaD. cdbaeB. a narrow escapeD. a serious accidentC. cdabe37. The passage describesA. a rewarding trainingC. a painful exploration【答案】34. B

18、35. C 36. D 37. B【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者在糟糕的天气条件下，坚持飞行，错估天气状况，又遭遇飞机没油和 飞机引擎不转，经历了一次死里逃生的飞行经历。【34题详解】细节理角军题 o 由第三段中的I had heard about Alberta Clippers ing out of Canada. I knew all about themhow an entire air mass was streaming along at over sixty miles an hour. ” （我听说 Alberta Clippers 从力口拿大来 了。 我对它们了如

19、指掌整个空气团以每小时60英里的速度流动。），可知Alberta Qippers是快速移动的气 团。故选B项。35题详解】细节理解题。由第五段中的I ignored that hint. T was fooled by the smooth air and limited experience with a rapidly moving air mass that was not changing violently.（我忽略了这个暗示。我被平稳的空气和有限的经 验愚弄了，认为快速移动的空气团没有剧烈的变化。），可知是作者对气团的错误判断使他忽略了暗示。故 选C项。【36题详解】细节理解题。按

20、事件顺序，c第五段中的“Sol told him no.（所以我告诉不调整飞行计划。），d 第六段中的 “I got slammed into the roof, and then slammed sideways hitting the window with such force up my nose that I started bleeding.（我被摔在顶上，然后侧身撞在窗户上，鼻子上的力量太大，我开始流血。）， b倒数第三段中的 “I had run out of fuel in the left tank, and only a little in my right tank.n

21、（我的左油箱没油了，而我的右油箱只有一点油。），a倒数第三段中的“I declared an emergency.”（我宣布了紧急情 况e倒数第三段中的 “I was told that I might get another few minutes of fuel if I gently banked theairplane. Luckily, it worked.（有人告诉我，如果我轻轻地把飞机倾斜起来，我可能再得到几分钟的燃油。 幸运的是，它成功了。）及“I stopped at the very end of the runway.（我在跑道的尽头停了下来。），可知事件 的正确顺序为c

22、dbaeo故选D项。【37题详解】主旨大意题。由第六段中的 The first blast of turbulence （气流）struck my plane. I got slammed into the roof, and then slammed sideways hitting the window with such force up my nose that I started bleeding.v（我的飞机受 到了第一次气流的冲击。我被摔在顶上，然后侧身撞在窗户上，鼻子上的力量太大，我开始流血。），倒数 第三段中的“1 had run out of fuel in the lef

23、t tank, and only a little in my right tank. The engine quit for a second time. I declared an emergency.v（我的左油箱没油了，而我的右油箱只有一点油。发动机又一次熄火了。我 宣布了紧急情况。）及“Istoppedattheveryendoftherunway.（我在跑道的尽头停了下来和最后一段“I flew home the next day. Older. Wiser. Humbler. Lucky.（第二天我就飞回家了。年纪大了。要更聪明的，更 谦卑。真幸运。），可知文章讲的是死里逃生的一

24、次飞行经历。故选B项。There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, My mum says Fm much more impatient with her when Im filming Sherlock.Mark Seton, a researcher at the University of Sydney, has even coin

25、ed the term post-dramatic stress disorder” to describe the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role. Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodied J he writes.A recent finding doesnt involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thi

26、nking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers5 sense of self led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to perform the same task from the per

27、spective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events.After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was t

28、hat their self-knowledge was now changed-their self-scores had shifted to bee more similar to those theyd given for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term “confident“ was only moderately related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a frien

29、ds personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to see themselves as more confident. Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone elses perspective and re-rating oneself.“By simply thinking about ano

30、ther person, we may adapt our self to take the shape of that person said Meyer and her colleagues. That our sense of self should have this quality might be a little discouraging, especially for anyone who has struggled to establish a firm sense of identity. Yet there is an optimistic message here, t

31、oo. The challenge of improving ourselvesor at least seeing ourselves in a more positive lightmight be a little easier than we thought. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to bee, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we

32、would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways.“As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to ignore“ write Meyer and her colleagues, “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but

33、even our sense of who we are.”38. The first two paragraphs mainly.A. state that acting requires skillsB. explain the stress that an actor facesC. show that a role leaves a mark on the actorD. stress the importance of devoting oneself to a role39. What does the underlined phrase rub off on“ in Paragr

34、aph 3 probably mean?A. Influence.B. Strengthen.C. Confuse.D. Determine.40. According to the study, taking the perspective of another person.A. brings changes to ones self-knowledgeB. motivates one to better understand himselfC. helps people deal with their identity problemsD. produces temporary effe

35、cts on ones character41. What is the significance of the study?A. It offers instructions on making friends.B. It proposes a means to improve ourselves.C. It gives advice on adjusting ones emotions.D. It presents a way to deal with stress disorder.【答案】38.C39. A 40. A 41. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章以演员们的“戏剧后应激障碍”

36、为导入，以科学研究为基础，讲述了角色扮演对个 人自我意识和行为的影响和塑造，通过对自我意识的积极的影响，人们能提升自己。【38题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的 “There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters.（当然有证据表明演员们经历了真实的自我和他们假想的角色的融合。）和第二 段中的 u Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodi

37、ed n（演员经常会延长他们所塑造 的角色的习惯。），可知前两段向读者表明：一个角色在演员身上留下了印记。故选C项。【39题详解】短语猜测题。由第三段中的 A recent finding doesnt involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers9 sense of self led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University.（最近的一项发现并

38、不涉及表演，它表明，仅仅花一段时间去思考另一个人，这个人 似乎会影响志愿者的自我意识，这是普林斯顿大学Meghan Meyer领导的一项研究。）和第四段中的u Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else*s perspective and re-rating oneself.n（值得注意的是，即使在接受别人的观点和重新评价 自己之间还有24小时的间隔，这种自我与他人的变化仍然是显而易

39、见的。），可知另一人会影响自我，此处 rub off意为“影响”。故选A项。【40题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的 “Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone elses perspective and re-rating oneself. （值得注意的是，即使在 接受别人的观点和重新评价自己之间还有24小时的间隔，这种自我与他人的变化仍然是显而易见的。），可 知接受别人的观点会给自我认识带

40、来变化。故选A项。【41题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的 “Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselvesor at least seeing ourselves in a more positive lightmight be a little easier than we thought. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to bee, or merely by thinking

41、 about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways.,（然而，这里也有一个乐观的信息。提高自己或者至少从一个更积极的角度看 待自己，可能比我们想象的要容易一些。通过扮演或表现出我们想成为的那种人，或者仅仅通过思考和花 时间与那些体现出我们想在自己身上看到的那种特质的人在一起，我们可以发现我们的自我意识以令人满 意的方

42、式改变。）和最后一段中的 “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are.（我们必须做出这些决定，意识到它们不仅塑造了我 们社交网络的结构，甚至塑造了我们的自我意识。），可知在社交活动中通过角色扮演或表现出我们想成为 的那种人，人们的自我意识能得到积极地改善，说明研究的重要性在于它提出了一种改进我们自己的方法。 故选B项。DIn college, I was taught an el

43、egant theory of chemical bination based on excess electrons going into holes in the orbital shell of a neighbouring atom. But what about diatomic pounds like oxygen gas? Dont ask; students arent ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other science classes, students frequently get that answer

44、too.Its time to trust students to handle doubt and diversity in science. Actually, students are starting to act. They have shamed their seniors into including more diverse contributors as faculty members and role models. Young scholars rudely ask their superiors why they fail to address the extincti

45、on crises clarified by their research. The inherited authoritarian political structures of science education are being lame一but still remain largely unchanged from the old school days.A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone for the plexities of scientific research, applications and policy.

46、 If we discourage students from inquiring into the real nature of scientific truths, or exploring how society shapes the questions that researchers ask how can we prepare them to maintain public trust in science in our “post-truth“ world? Diversity and doubt produce creativity: we must make room for

47、 them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now questioned under closer examination. Some scientists now wonder whether the concept

48、 of biological 6species contributes more confusion than insight, and whether it should therefore be abandoned. However, such a decision would affect conservation policy, in which identification of endangered species is crucial-so it is not just an issue for basic science.Science students generally r

49、emain unaware that concepts such as elements and species are contested or are even contestable. In school, college and beyond, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. Public arguments among scientists often presume that every problem has just one solution.Nonetheless, uncertain advice o