讲与练21 新闻类英语阅读攻略(原卷版)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(版).docx

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1、2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）21新闻类英语阅读攻略【高频考点回顾】一、新闻类英语的特征新闻英语（journalistic English）主要是指新闻报道文章使用的英语。它主要体现在英语报刊之中，而阅 读英文报刊是许多同学的爱好。阅读英文报刊，不但可以帮助我们了解天下大事，而且可以在有意无意间 学到许多英语语言知识。阅读英文报刊可以使我们接触到大量鲜活的语言，因为英语是当今世界发展最快、 变化最大的语言，而报刊是英语语言发展的先锋，是对英语发展变化反应最为敏锐的媒体，报刊上的文章 总是能迅速跟上时代步伐，及时创造新的词汇、新的语言形式及语法结构。阅读英文报刊已经成为我们了 解英

2、语的发展变化，增加背景知识的重要手段。随着我国改革开放的不断加深，中外文化交往日渐增多， 这也为我们阅读英文报刊提供了可能，阅读英文报刊已经成为英语学习重要的和有益的补充。报刊上的文章以新闻报道（news report）为主,它通常由标题（headline）导语（lead）和正文（body） 三部分组成。二、新闻类英语阅读方法1 .仔细阅读导语英文报纸标题不但难懂，而且很容易使人误解，比如“Loyalty Order Issued”（政府发布效忠命令），到底 是哪个政府发的命令？只看从标题是无从知道的。要想掌握信息概况，必须仔细阅读导语。导语（lead）就 是指新闻报道的第一段或第一、二段，它

3、是新闻报道最基本内容的概括和浓缩。随着社会节奏的加快，人 们读报的时间越来越少，而报纸却越变越厚。为了吸引读者，各类报纸的普遍做法都是开门见山，把最重 要、最精彩、最吸引人的内容浓缩在导语中，力求一开始便引起读者的兴趣，使他读下去。所以导语成为 新闻报道的主要内容之一，被看作是“新闻的灵魂导语要求围绕着新闻报道的五大基本要素who（人物），what （事件），where （地点），when （时间），why （原因）或how （进展）用极其精炼的语言把事件的过程和真相一语道破。从某种意义上说，新闻导语乃是一篇完整新闻报道的浓缩形式。例如：Somuler Berger, assistantto

4、the US President for national security affairs, arrived in Beijing yesterday for a three-day visit to China as a guest of the Chinese Foreign Ministry. Berger is scheduled to confer with Chinese leaders on matters relating to US President Bill Clintons coming China visit according to ministry source

5、s.这是比较典型的导语，用两句话（一段）就把时间、地点、人物、事件和原因等重要信息做了简要的 概括，使读者一目了然。所以，导语是全文的精华和浓缩，读者必须仔细阅读。Sunday most weeks.Li Zhanguo has two children aged 4 and 8. Even though they do not have smart phones, they enjoy playing online games. Like many other parents, Li is happy with new government rules. But experts say it

6、 is unclear if such policies can help prevent addiction to online games. Children might just get addicted to social media instead. In the end, experts say, parents should be the ones to set limits and support good practices.There has been a growing concern in China about gaming addiction among child

7、ren. Government reports in 2018 found that about one in 10 Chinese children were addicted to the Internet. The new rules are part of an effort to prevent young people from spending too much time on unhealthy entertainment. That includes what officials call the irrational fan culture”.Under the new r

8、ules, the responsibility for making sure children play only three hours a day as largely on Chinese gaming companies like NetEase and Tencent. Companies have set up real-name registration systems to prevent young users from going past game time limits. They have used facial recognition technology to

9、 check their identities. And they have also set up a program that permits people to report what is against the law. It is unclear what punishments gaming companies may face if they do not carry out the policies. And even if such policies are performed, it is also unclear whether they can prevent onl

10、ine addiction.A specialist treating internet addiction expects about 20 percent of children will find ways to break the rules by borrowing accounts of their older relatives and find a way around facial recognition. In his opinion, short-video apps such as Douyin and TikTok are also very popular in C

11、hina. They are not under the same restrictions as games. 19. When can children play games according to the new rules?A. Between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m on Friday.B. Between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m on Tuesday.C. Between 10 p.m.and 11 p.m. on Saturday.D. Between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. on Thursday.20. According to expe

12、rts,.A. the new rules can stop childrens addiction to social mediaB. companies are more responsible for kids* obeying the rulesC. the new rules will help prevent children playing online gamesD. parents play a greater part in limiting the time of online games21. What will children probably do to batt

13、le with the new rules?A. Design an advanced program.B. Use facial recognition systems.C. Set up real-name registration systems. D. Borrow accounts of their older relatives.22. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. Rules Limiting Short-video Apps.B. Rules Limiting Video Game Time

14、.C. Rules Banning Irrational Fan Culture.D. Rules Breaking Addition to Social Media.7The Olympics and COVID-19 were never going to coexist. The basic rule when it comes to controlling an infectious disease is to limit the contact people have with one another. Yet the two- week long competition, whic

15、h begins on July 23 in Tokyo, is to invite the world to meet, greet and take part in friendly and often socially not so distant 一 contests.An estimated 70,000 athletes, coaches, staff, officials and media will be marching in Tokyo from July to August for the Olympics at a time when infections in the

16、 city are rising again. On July 8, the government declared a fourth COVID-19 state of emergency in Tokyo, which will extend through the end of the Games.New cases of COVID-19 existing in any of the Olympic visitors could not only disrupt（扰乱）the Games but also forever fade this years Olympics as an e

17、xercise in a global pandemic（大流彳亍病）that has claimed the lives of 4 million people.Olympic organizers are working desperately to prevent that from happening. After consulting with infectious-disease experts, Tokyo 2020 officials have created guidelines for everyone who will be traveling to Japan for

18、the Olympics. Many of the measures are familiar: frequent testing, mask orders and social-distancing procedures.The strategy is also realistic. While it might not be possible to prevent the virus from entering secretly the Olympic community, measures are taken to try to avoid it. Infections will hap

19、pen. The challenge lies in minimizing the risk of those infections and the influence they might have一on not just the Games but also the Japanese public and, finally, the world at large when Olympic delegations弋表团）return home.23. What is the basic principle of controlling an epidemic?A. To prevent pe

20、ople from communicating with each other.B. To keep people from participating in activities.C. To limit the contact people have with each other.D. To stop people from chatting online.24. What does the underlined word thaf, refer to?A. The spreading of virus caused by new cases of COVID-19.B. The trea

21、tment of new cases of COVID-19.C. The possible threat brought by new cases of COVID-19.D. The decrease of new cases of COVID-19.25. Which word best describes the authors attitude to the measures for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games?A. Skeptical.B.ConservativeC. Objective.D.Negative.26. From which is the tex

22、t probably taken?A. A travel brochureB.A biology textbook.C. A research paper.D.A news magazine.8Sunscreen protects our skin from sunburn. But did you know that it is harmful to coral living in the ocean?Some chemicals in sunscreen, such as benzophenone, can kill coral. Every year, about 4,000 to 6,

23、000 tons of sunscreen will flow into coral areas, according to the US National Park Service.About one and half years ago, Zhang Baoxin, 17, who studies at Guangdong Experimental High School, read about this in an article. Then she had an idea - to make an environmentally friendly sunscreen to protec

24、t the marine environment.To make this happen, Zhang read lots of literature and then put forward a new formula. She mixed natural plant oils with safe and commonly-used sunscreen ingredients, such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide powder .She tested about 10 kinds of plant oils, including jojoba oi

25、l and coconut oil, to figure out whether they can take in sunlight. She then used a microscope to find out if the oil could be mixed with the powder. After trying about 20 formulas, Zhang found a jojoba oil formula that is effective, cheap and easy to make.Zhang wrote a paper to explain her findings

26、 with her experimental process and data. The project made Zhang a nominee（候选人）of the Stockholm Junior Water Prize, an award to celebrate teenagers who help solve major water challenges. She was the only nominee from the Chinese mainland in 2020.After this successful experiment, Zhang made some sampl

27、es and printed out fl yers（传单）for her new formula.She gave them out to people at swimming pools and water parks. With my formula, anyone can make sunscreen at home. You just need a blender to mix the oil and the powder,“ she said.Zhang wants to study environmental science in college. I want to use m

28、y knowledge to make a better world J she said.27. What inspired Zhang to make a new kind of sunscreen?A. Her desire to protect sea species.B. Her wish to study environmental science.C. A book published by the US National Park Service.D. A project at Guangdong Experimental High School.28. What happen

29、ed after Zhangs successful experiment?A. She handed out her samples to people.B. She was accepted into a famous university.C. She won the Stockholm Junior Water Prize.D. She continued to make other environmentally friendly products.29. Which of the following best describes Zhang Baoxin?A. Curious an

30、d cheerful.B. Helpful and sociable.C. Diligent and cautious.D. Creative and responsible.当然，并不是每个导语都必须回答这五个问题，但它必须抓住与该新闻密切相关的几个要素加以提炼 和综合，将全篇报道的关键内容概括于一两句话之中，因为导语是一篇文章的精华，是新闻报道传递信息 的集中体现。请再看下面一则短讯的导语及其与下文的关系。YOUTH INJURED ON TOLL ROADWall Township-Stephen Garboski, 16, of Staten Island, was listed in

31、 fair condition last night following a one-car accident on the Garden State Parkway yesterday afternoon at 4： 15.According to Parkway police, Garboski was a passenger in a car driven by Ralph A. Dipalma, 18, of Staten Island, which ran off the left side of the south bound lane approximately one mile

32、 south of the Asbury Park exit, hit a guard raiL and turned over.Dipalma was treated atJersey Shore Medical Center, Neptune. His brother, Steve, 16, also a passenger in the car, not injured.The cause of the accident is being investigated by Trooper George Wheeler.这则短讯的导语含28个词，作者根据内容重要性的程序回答了以下几个问题：w

33、ho受伤最重的孩子的姓名、年龄和住址how受伤后身体情况良好why一驾车失事（one-car accident）where确切的失事地点when失事的确切时间（精确到几点几分）至此，事故的关键内容已在一句之中和盘托出，余下的两段再补充更具体的细节，包括车上其他人员 （伤势轻微和没有受伤的，因而不如导语中提到姓名的Stephen重要）、失事的经过（比较简单，不值得细 写）和更确切的失事地点，最后提一下失事原因尚在调查之中。整个报道写得重点突出，繁简得当，层次 井然，适可而止。2 .重视副标题与图表、照片的作用有些英文报道除正标题以外，还有副标题，有的还附上图表或照片，用以说明文字。这些附加成分在

34、 概括全文精华、提炼要点上起着不可低估的作用，必须重视对它们的阅读和理解。同正标题相比，英文报刊的副标题字体小，用词也规范得多。副标题有用在正标题之上的，也有用在正 标题之下的。用副标题的目的在于提供具体信息，以通俗规范的语言，概括全文的要点。因此，借助副标 题去理解正标题，获得的信息更直接、更具体。下面是新闻英语的两个标题：(1) CAAC slaps restriction on air-fare discounts (副标题)Price War Cuts into Air Profits (正标题)(2) Efforts to Boost Fujians Investment (正标题)

35、Government urged to cut bureaucracy (副标题)针对标题(1),单看正标题只知道“价格大战使航空公司效益下降:对英语水平不高的读者来说，就不 一定能理解正标题的含义。借助于副标题“中国民航总局惩处航空票价打折”，我们就可以理解，由于国内各 航空公司上演打折大战，使得航空业效益下滑，中国民航总局采取措施制止这种行为。再看标题(2),正 标题说“福建采取措施努力扩大外商投资”那么到底是什么样的具体措施呢？读完副标题后我们知道：“政府 督促克服官僚作风工原来，当地政府从外资企业中聘请代表，定期座谈，征询他们的意见，然后采取具体 措施。可见，副标题起着补充说明正标题、

36、概括全文内容的重要作用。新闻报道中的图表、照片也不是可有可无的，它们起着补充说明文字的作用。作为视觉手段，用图表 与照片传递信息比文字更直接，更生动形象，效果更好，特别是在表达数字概念时，图表更直观、明了、 简明扼要，其效果是文字远远达不到的。3 .选读自己熟悉、感兴趣的文章阅读理解是一项复杂的大脑思维活动，它要求读者具备一定的语言知识作为基础，还需要读者调动自 己的生活经验和原有知识去体会、领悟所要表达的内容。丰富的背景知识会有效提高读者的理解力。所以 在浏览英文报纸时，可多选择自己熟悉和感兴趣的文章来读。这样，既学习了语言，又巩固和扩大了知识, 获得了信息。一般英文报纸都分为不同的版别，有

37、国内新闻版、国际新闻版、经济信息版、体育版、娱乐版、商业 版、广告版等。有经验的读者总是从中选择与自己专业有关、自己感兴趣或与日常生活关系密切的内容来 读，以便提高效率。4 .利用中文报纸帮助阅读英文报纸无论中文还是英文报纸，都是用文字传递信息，对于一些有重大影响的政治、经济、文化、外交、体 育等大事，中外报纸均会予以报导。如果刚开始阅读英文报纸有难度，不妨先读中文报纸，了解相关信息 和知识后再读英文报纸的相关内容，这样便会较为轻松地读懂英文报纸。不过，这种方法不能常用，最终 还是要过渡到通过阅读英文报纸获取信息。这才是我们的努力方向。技巧再多也不过是纸上谈兵，最重要的是practice （练

38、习）。新闻英语是大众化的英语，是最现代化的语 言，它既不像小说那样篇幅长、难以理解，也不像课文和单词表那样枯燥乏味。刚开始的时候可能有些困 难，这时千万不可灰心，权当是在浏览报纸，随便翻翻，碰到生词、复杂的地方，不妨先放过。今天也许 不熟，但时间一长，天天碰到，最后就会变得熟悉起来。同时可以做一些笔记，把常用的单词、好的句子 记下来，不停研读，直到记住、弄懂为止。这样不断积累，不断练习，不久你便会发现，阅读英文报纸已 经不是一件难事，而是一种享受了。【高频考点强化】1NEW DELHI 一 Authorities in northern Indian state of Uttarakhand

39、on February 23 said the death number in the dam disaster that happened earlier this month in the state has risen to 70 and the search for missing people was underway. As of now, a total of 70 bodies and 29 human body parts have been got back from different places J reads a statement issued by police

40、. t40ut of these, 40 bodies and one body part have been identified.Police said DNA collection of the unidentified bodies was being carried out. According to police, missing reports of 205 persons have been filed so far. So far DNA samples of 110 relatives, 58 bodies and 28 body parts have been sent

41、for matching to forensic （法医的）science laboratory （FSL） DehradunJ the statement said Meanwhile, the search operation in the underway.On Feb. 7, a glacier burst and then into a dam in Uttarakhand, causing a huge flood. The floodwaters tore open a dam and a flood of water hurtled down flooding the area

42、 in its course, damaging two hydropower （水力发电） projects and leading to numerous deaths, besides endangering hundreds of others. The majority of the missing in the disaster are believed to be workers from two hydropower plants.Immediately after the incident rescuers rushed to carry out efforts on sev

43、eral sites, including a tunnel more than 200 meters long to save the trapped ones. Apart from locals, authorities moved in disaster response force personnel, troops, paramilitaries （准军事剖4队）and military helicopters to the state to help with rescue efforts. 1. What is the number of bodies that have be

44、en sent to a lab for matching?A. 28.B.29.C. 58.D. 110.2. Why did the dam disaster break out?A. There was a heavy rainstorm.B. It fell into disrepair.C. A glacier burst and rushed into it.D. A very strong wind struck it3. Which of the following can be the best title?A. India dam disaster death number

45、 rises to 70B. Dam disaster happens in northern Indian stateC. Search for body parts in dam disaster is underwayD. DNA collection of the unidentified bodies is carried outThree-two-one, fire!At the moment of 9:43 a.m., on Tuesday, June 23rd, 2020, at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in SichuanPro

46、vince, the last satellite of the third-generation network was sent into space. It is the 55th member in the family of BeiDou. It belongs to Chinas Beidou Navigation Satellite System. So far, 59 satellites, including the first four test ones, have been launched from Xichang. With the development of C

47、hina, we have already owned three other famous satellite launch centers Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Wenchang.After a period of tests in space, this new satellite has started to work with other Beidou satellites together. It is designed to work for at least 12 years. So far, China has completed the third-ge

48、neration network of Chinas BDS. It was a new milestone in the nations space research work. The launch showed our country has completed our largest space-based system. Its one of four global navigation networks, including the United States GPS, RussiasGLONASS and the European Unions Galileo.BDS has been widely used as public resources in our daily life. It has been shared by the whole world. It will provide more services around the world. BDS is the common wealth of the development of human beings.4. Where did China launch the last satellite of the third-generation network?A. Xic