（人教版）英语八年级上册 Unit 5 知识梳理.docx

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1、Unit 5知识梳理重点短语soap opera肥皂剧think of 认为talk show脱口秀；访谈节目 talent show 选秀节目game show游戏类节目one day 有一天 watch.on TV在电视上看a pair of-双；对dress up装扮；乔装打扮a symbol of-的象征action movie 动作片scary movie 恐怖片come out出版；发行；开花watch a movie 看电影find out查明;弄清around the world 全世界have a discussion about就进行讨论sports show体育节目go

2、on发生be ready to准备好/愿意（做某事）take sb. s place 代替；替换do a good job 干得好come from 来自such as例如something enjoyable令人愉快的东西/事物重点句型1 John wants to watch talk shows because theyre enjoyable.! like to watch action movies because theyTe exciting.约翰想看谈话节目，因为它们令人愉快。我喜欢看动作片，因为它们令人兴奋。2 .But one very famous symbol in A

3、merican culture is a cartoon,但美国文彳名的个著名标志是 一部卡通片。3. He became very rich and successful.他变得非常富有和成功。4. One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man,but he always tried to face any danger .其中一个主要原因是米老鼠就像一个普通人，但是他总是努力面对任何危险。5. In his early films, Mickey was unlucky and had many problems

4、such as losing hishouse or girlfriend, Minnie.在他早期的电影里，米老鼠是不幸的，他遇到了很多困难，如失去了房子和女朋友米妮。6. Do you want to watch the news?你想要看新闻吗？7. Why do you like watching the news?你为什么喜欢看新闻？重点语法用法mind做动词，意为“介意”，后接名词、动名词或从句，不接不定式。I dont mind them. 用于 How do youlike.?/What do you think of.?句型的回答。Do you mind helping me

5、 with my homework?你介意帮我做家庭作业吗？ What do you think of sitcoms?你觉得情景喜剧怎么样？ 一I dont mind them.我不介意（看）它们。中考重要考点Would/Do you （not） doing sth.?表示“你介意（不）做某事吗？ ； Would/Do you mind+人称 代词宾格或形容词性物主代词+ doing sth.?”表示“你介意某人做某事吗？Would you mind turning off the TV?你介意把电视关上吗？Do you mind me/my opening the window?你介意我打

6、开窗户吗？ 注意以上句型的回答若同意（不介意、不反对），一般用No,of course not./No,not at all./Certainly not. 若反对（介意）,一般用 Sorry,youd better not.或 Im sorry. ./ Im afraid. ./1 wish you wouldnt.等以缓和 语气，并陈述某种表示拒绝或反对的理由。Would you mind my opening the window?你介意我打开窗户吗？No,of course not.Ifs so hot in the room .不，当然不介意。房间里很热。 【例句】Would you

7、 mind telling me how to start this machine?.Its very easy.Do it like this.A.Yes,of courseB.No,not at allC.No,thanksD.Yes,you areright 解析考查情景交际。句意为“你介意告诉我怎样启动这台机器吗？ ”“不介意。它很容易。像这样 做。”“不介意”用“No,not at all”,故选B.5. stand v.忍受；站立教材原句Oh,I cant stand them.噢，我受不了这些节目。（P34）I couldnt stand the boys making so

8、much noise.我受不了 男孩们发出这么多噪音。 拓展（l）stand作动词，还可以表示“站立”。Don*t stand in the wind.You may have a cold.不要站在风里，你可能会感冒。stand for是一个常用短语，意思是“代表”，常用来表示一种抽象的意义。Chinese knots stand for happiness and good luck in China.在中国，中国结代表着幸福和好运。(2)stand作“忍受”讲时,用法如下：stand sth./sb.忍受某物/某人stand doing sth.忍受做 某事(常用于否定句和疑问句)can

9、lstand无法忍受【例句】I cant talk shows.They are so boringA.standB.stayC.rideD.decide解析：用词义辨析法和语境分析法解题。根据“They are so boring.(它们如此无聊。)”可知“我不能忍 受访谈节目，stand “忍受”符合题意。6. hope的用法(高频考点)教材原句Because I hope to find out whats going on around the world.因为我希望了解世界各地正在发生 的事。(P34)用法hope既可以做动词，也可以做名词，意为“希望；期望工He hopes to

10、find a good job.他希望找到一份好工作。Our hopes for fine weather were not disappointed.我们对好天气的期望没有落空。拓展hope的常见搭配有：hope to do sth.希望做某事hope+that引导的宾语从句注意点没有hope sb.to do sth.的搭配交际用语I hope so.我希望是这样。I hope not.我希望不是这样。I hope to finish my homework before 6:00.我希望在六点前完成作业。I hope that you can come to meet my family

11、.我希望你能来见见我的家人。辨析 hope, wishhope/wish to do sth.希望做某事hope+(that)从句希望wish+(that)从句，希望(从句常使用虚拟语气)wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事没有hope sb. to do sth.的用法【例句】Have a good trip! We hope you again soonA.seeB.to seeC.seeingD.see解析：用固定搭配法解题。句中的hope是动词，意为“希望 hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事。 故使用动词不定式。答案B7. find out发现；查明；弄清教

12、材原句Because I hope to find out what*s going on around the world.因为我希望了 解世界各地正在发生 的事。（P34）At last, the poor man found out who helped him.最后那个穷人弄清了 是谁帮助了他。辨析 find out,look for 与 findfind out指通过调查和研究搞清楚或弄明白事情的查明；弄清原因或结果。look for寻找；查找强调寻找的过程，强调动作。find找到；发现强调寻找的结果，通常指找到具体的东西：语境串记 He found a key on the flo

13、or and he wanted to find out whose key it is.他在地板上发现 了一把钥匙，他想弄明白它是谁的钥匙。例句8Linglings father tried his best to who took his daughter to the hospital afterthe accident.A.work outB.find outC.look outD.come out答案B8. famous的用法（高频考点）教材原句But one very famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon.但是在美国文化中有一

14、个非常著 名的象征，那是一部卡通片。（P37）用法famous做形容词，意为“著名的；出名的“，在句中做定语和表语。She is a famous actress.她是一个著名的演员。拓展辨析be famous for因而闻名/著名（for后跟出名的原因）。The area is famous for its green tea.这个地区以绿茶而闻名。be famous t。为所熟知；对而言是著名的（后接表示人的名词）。Yuan Longping was famous as a great scientist.袁隆平作为一位伟大的科学家而闻名。be famous as作为而出名；以（身份）而闻

15、名（as后跟表示身份或职业的名词）。Yuan Longping is famous to the people all over the world.袁隆平为世人所熟知。注意be famous for 相 当于 be known for;be famous as 相当于 be known as.【例句】Guizhou is Huangguoshu Waterfall and Moutai in the world.A.famous forB.popular withC.regarded as解析考查短语辨析。句意:贵州以黄果树瀑布和茅台而闻名于世。be famous for因而闻名； be p

16、opular with受欢迎；be regarded as被视为 .根据句意，故选A.9. successful的用法（高频考点）教材原句His father is a successful businessman.他的父亲是一个成功的商人。用法successful adj.获得成功的；有成就的比较级为 more successful,最高级为 most successfulsuccessful做形容词，意为“成功的；有成就的”，做表语或定语。She is a very successful mother.她是一位非常成功的母亲。拓展success n.成功（不可数）success+后缀 fu

17、lsuccessful adj.成功的success n.成功 （去 ss）+ed一succeed v成功successful后缀ly-successfully adj.成功地（用于修饰动词）一言辨异Success is important to us all and everyone can be successful.If you want do something successfully,you must work hard.If not,nobody can succeed.成功对我们所有人都彳艮重要，每个 人都可以成功。如果你想成功地做某事，你必须努力工作。否则，没有人能成功。固定

18、搭配succeed in（doing）sth.相当于 be successful in （doing） sth.和 have success in（doing）sth.,表示“成 功地做某事”。他成功地解决了这个问题。He succeeded in solving the problem.=He was successful in solving the problem.=He had success in solving the problem.【例句】If you want to be a doctor like Zhong Nanshan,hard work is the key toA

19、.treasureB.beautyC.successD.health解析考查名词辨析。句意：如果你想成为一名像钟南山那样的医生，勤奋努力是成功的关键。 treasure珍宝；beauty美丽；success成功；health健康。根据句意可知，故选C.【例句】用所给词的适当形式填空You will have to work hard if you want to （success）.答案 succeed10 .年代表达法教材原句In the 1930s,he made 87 cartoons with Mickey.在 20 世纪 30 年代，他制作了 87 部与米老鼠有 关的卡通片。（P37

20、）用法in the 1930s意为“在20世纪30年代工表示“几十年代或几十岁”时，用整十的基数词的复数 形式。This took place in the 1920s.这发生在 20 世纪 20 年代。拓展在几世纪用序数词表示。The story happened in the 19th/nineteenth century.这个故事发生在 19 世纪。【例句】 Do you know his birthday,Eric? Not exactly.I just know he was bom.A.on July 1B.in the 1980sC.on 1 July, 1980解析考查介词短语

21、的用法。由Not exactly.（不确定。）说明不是具体的日期，排除A、C.in the 1980s 表示“在20世纪80年代 故选B.11 . take onefs place 的用法教材原句 She dresses up like a boy and takes her father*s place to fight in the army.她女扮男装 替父从军。（P39）用法take one* place意思是“代替；替换；取代某人“，相当于take the place of sb.No one can take Rays place.没有人能够接替雷的位置。I am tired.Pl

22、ease get someone to take my place.我很累了。请找个人来接替我吧。拓展in one*s place意为“站在某人的立场上”。What should you do in his place?站在他的立场上你该怎么办？12 . do a good job 的用法教材原句 The other actors are also fantastic and they did a good job in the movie.其他演员也很 出色，他们在电影中演得很好。（P39）用法do a good job相当于well done,意为“干得好;做得好”，用于夸奖某人的工作或演

23、技等。Im sure you can do a better job next time.我相信你下次会做得更好。Youve done a good job!你干得太好了 ！拓展well done意为“干得好；做得好；干得漂亮；祝贺你”，表示满意、赞扬、祝贺等。Who won?谁赢了 ？一We did,3:1 .我们赢了,三比一。 Well done.祝贺你们。【例句】 Guess what! I broke the record of the 100-meter race.A.Well doneB.Bad luckC.Come onD.HuiTy up解析 考查交际用语。句意为“猜，发生什么

24、事了？我破了 100米赛跑纪录。”“做得好！ ”。Well done!/Good job!常用于向对方表示祝贺和表扬。根据句意，故选A.13 .with的用法We all know and love the black mouse with two larqe round ears-Mickey Mouse. 我们都知道井喜爱有若两只大圆耳朵的黑色老鼠一一米老鼠。with介词，此处意为“带有，具有。例：Hes at all kid with shorthair.他是一个留着短发的高个子小孩儿， 知识拓屏 with的其他用法：“用；以；借”，表示使用工具、手段等.例：Cut it with a

25、knife.用刀把它切开。和在一起”，表示伴随，例：Can you go to a movie with me?你能和我一起去看电影吗？“与对立：反对”.例：I had an argument with my boss.我跟老板吵 了 一架。“关于，对于”，表示一种关系或适用范围.例：Are you pleased with the result?你对结果满意吗？ “随着，与同时”.例：With these words, he left the room.说完这些话,他离开了房间。1 .What do you think of talk shows?你认为谈话节目怎么样？14. What do

26、/does+sb+think of.? H 某人认为怎么样？”（1） What do/does+sb+think of.?意为H某人认为怎么样? ”，用来询问对方对某人 或某物的观点或看法，相当于How do / does sb like？但要注意，这两句中的what与how 不可混用。例句： 一What do you think of （How do you like） Chinese food?你认为中国菜怎么样？Very delicious.很可 口。（2） think of当”考虑，对有某种看法”讲时可以和think about互换。例句：Don t think of/about me

27、 any more.不要再考虑我。15. hope的用法n.希望。常用短语：new hope新希望Project Hope希望工程v.希望hope to do sth希望做某事hope +that 从句I hope to finish my homework before 6:00.我希望在六点前完成作业。T hope that you can come to meet my family.我希望你能来见见我的家人。【知识拓展】I hope so.我希望是这样的。I hope not.我希望不是这样。【易混辨析】hope/wishhope和wish,二者都有“希望”的意 思，二者对比如下：（1

28、）不同点hope表达实现的可能性较大的愿望；wish表达的愿望实现的可能性较小，且从句要用虚 拟语气。The student hopes that you can help him with his English, （can 不用 could 代替）那个学生希望 你能帮助他学习英语。How I wish I were a bird.我多么希望我是一只小鸟。（动词不用hope）希望某人做某事应说：wish sb. to do sth.,不能说：hope sb. to do sth.He wished me to go with him.他希望我和他一块儿去。（动词不能用hope）wish可以接

29、双宾语，表示“祝愿，hope则没有这种用法。Wish you good luck.祝你好运。（动词不能用hope）hope可用于简略回答，wish一般不能。一Will it rain tomorrow?明天会下雨吗？一I hope so./I hope not.但愿如此。/希望不。（动词不能用wish）（2）相同点以下句型可换用：They hope to visit China.=They wish to visit China.他们希望访问中国。16. famous adj.著名的；出名的famous相当于well known,其用法如下：be famous as.作为出名。后接表示职业等的

30、词。be famous for.因为出名。后接闻名的原因。be famous to.为所熟知。后接人。Bruce Lee is famous as an actor.李小龙作为演员出名。Lang Lang is famous for playing the piano.郎朗因为弹专冈琴出名。一、动词不定式动词不定式的构成及用法构成动词不定式由“ t。+动词原形”构成，有时可以省略t。动词不定式在句中可作宾语、宾 语补足语、状语、定语等。动词不定式在句子中不作谓语，所以没有人称、数和时态的变化。（一）不定式的具体用法:考点1 作宾语在 offer, plan, hope, decide, lea

31、rn, wish, want, agree, refuse, begin, start, forget, remember 等动词之 后作宾语。Finally he offered to go shopping with me. 最 后他主动提出跟我一起购物。I want to see a film tomorrow evening. 我想 明天晚上去看一部电影。在 know, decide, remember 等动 词之后可用疑问词+动词不定 式作宾语。I dont want to stay at home, but I dont know where to go.我不想待在家里，但是我不知

32、 道去哪里。考点2 作宾语在 teach, ask, allow, invite, advise等动词之后用不定式作宾补。My parents allow me to play computer games at weekends.我父母允许我周末玩 电脑游戏。补足语在let, make和have之后用省略to 的不定式作宾补。My mother often makes me clean the windows.我妈妈常常让我擦窗户。考点3 作状语动词不定式表示目的。They are working hard to save the injured tiger.他们正在努力营救那只受伤的老虎。

33、考点4 作定语不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰 的名词或代词之后。She was the first person to think of the idea. 她是第一个想出这个主意的人。考点5不定式直接作主语To say is easy, but to do is not easy. 说起来容 易，做起来难。作主语It作形式主语，不定式（短语）作 真正的主语It is difficult (for me) to learn maths well.(对我来说)学好数学很难。1作宾语。例句1Mario and his friends are making some plans in an old

34、peoples home this summer.A.workB.workingC.to work解析：考查非谓语动词。Make plans to do sth.相当于plan to do sth,意为“计划做某事”。答案C 【例句2】 My family will go on a trip to Beijing this summer, but we havent decided.Why not take the high-speed railway?A. when to leaveB.how to get thereC.which hotel to choose D.how long to

35、 stay there解析：考查“疑问词+不定式”的用法。句意：家人将去北京旅行，一今年夏天，我们一但是我们还没有决定怎样去那里。一为什么 不坐高铁呢？答语提示建议的是出行方式，排除A、C两项；D项how long表示“多久”，与答语意义不符。 答案B2作宾语补足语。【例句3】-What did the teacher say just now?He told us in the river.A.swimB.swimmingC.not to swimD.not swim解析：考查固定搭配。根据上下文语境可知空处表达“不要游泳。Tell sb. not to do sth,意为“告诉某 人不要做

36、某事”。答案C特别提醒 不定式的否定形式，应在不定式前直接加not.如：ask sb.not to do sth.; tell sb. not to do sth.等。3作状语。动词不定式表示目的。【例句4】Hi!Alice,why are you in such a hurry?my best friend from Canada at the airport.A.MeetB.MeetingC.To meetD.Met解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：一你好！爱丽丝，你为什么这么着急？一去机场接从加拿大 来的我最好的朋友。meet在开头是祈使句；meeting动名词作主语；to meet表示

37、目的；met 是过去式。根据句意，应用不定式表示目的。答案C4作定语。不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。【例句5】 I have less homework than before! Me,too. Now,we have enough time sports.A.doB.doingC.to do解析：考查动词不定式的用法。句意：一我现在的作业比以前少了。一我也是，现在我们有足够的 时间去做运动了。不定式t。do作名词的后置定语。答案C5作主语。【例句6】Its necessary for students eye exercises.A.doB.doingC.to do解析：句

38、意：对学生来说做眼保健操很有必要。根据句式：It is adj for sb.to do sth.可知答案C 【巧学妙记】只能接不定式作宾语的动词同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装。设法学会强强强agree （同意）；offer （提出）；plan （计划）；ask （要求）；promise （答应）； help （帮忙）；prepare （准备）；decide （决定）；refuse （拒绝）；dare （敢于）； choose （选择）；wish, hope, want, expect （希望，想要）；fail （不能；忘记）；pretend （

39、假装）；manage （设法）；learn （学会）（二）不带to的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带t。，在另一些搭配中可带t。可不带t。归 纳起来，以下情况下使用不带t。不定式：1 . 在 can / could, may / might, will / would, shall / should, must, need, dare 等情态 动词之后，动词不定式不带to。2 .在表示感觉意义的动词，如 see, feel, watch, notice, smell, hear, observe 等后， 或是表示致使”意义的动词，如have, let, make等后，动词不

40、定式不带to。I often heard him say that he would study hard.I must have him see his own mistakes.但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带t。的不定式一般要转换为带t。不定 式。He was often heard to say that he would study hard.After he had finished speaking, he was made to answer innumerable questions.3 .在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。Help t

41、he old lady (to) carry the heavy box.4 . 在 had better, would rather, may / might as welL rather than, can not but 等搭酉己之后， 动词不定式也不带tOoUnless you feel too ill to go out, I would rather not stay at home tonight.She could not but criticize his foolish behavior.5 . 在 make do, make believe, let drop, let

42、fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go off, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。They let go of the rope.他们松开 了 绳子。John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.约翰朝我痛骂了 一顿。Ive heard tell of him.我听说过他。Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students.由于生源不足，一些教职员工被解 雇了。6 .在介词but, exc

43、ept之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to, 反之则必须带to,表示“不得不，只能He will do anything except work on the farm.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender.The spy was both hungry and cold; there was nothing left for him but to give in.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining.下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带

44、to： can not help but, can not choose but, can not but, do nothing but, have nothing to do butoI can not but admire his courage.如果上述句中有do, to省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night.如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to：I have no choice but to give up my idea.7 .紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在who, what, which, whethe

45、r等连接词后的不定式带to。Why stand up if you can sit down?Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning?You neednt decide yet whether to study arts or science.(三)不定式的完成式和进行式1 .构成完成式：to+ have done进 行式：to+ be doing2 .用法完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作（状态）发生在主要谓语动作之前，那么不定式就要用 完成式形式。进行式：如果主要谓语动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发

46、生，那么不 定式就要用进行式形式。She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline.The Vikings are believed to have discovered America.When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the computer.（四）不定式的被动形式当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动形式，包括它的一般式和完成 式。For twelve years, Spanish censorship （审查机构） did not allow Lorcas name to be mentioned and his work to be published.The snow was supposed to have been blown off the mountain.（五）不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加noteI decided not to ask him again.Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out.二、