讲与练02 形容词与副词在语法填空中的考查特征(原卷版)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(版).docx

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1、2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）02形容词与副词在语法填空中的考查特征【高频考点回顾】 高频考点形容词与副词 【真题再现】语法填空1. （2018全国卷 I ）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years （long） than non-runners.2（2018全国卷III） That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the （loud） of all.3.

2、（2019全国卷 II ）Her years of hard work have （final） been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提 名）her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.4. （2019全国卷 II ）But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its （wonder）.5. （2019-:HIII）They also shared with us many （tradit

3、ion）stories about Hawaii that were 6. （huge）popular with tourists.答案： Monger2.loudest 3. finally 4.wonderful5.traditional; hugely【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略1 .看到空格处修饰的是名词，要想到用形容词。2 .看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。3 .看到与济的连用，要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。4 .看到0位,”,/2加等并列连词前或后用的比较级，要想到用比较级。5 .看到语境中暗含比较含义，要想到用比较级（二者之间）或最高级（三者及以

4、上）。【重点知识提示】一、形容词、副词后缀1 .名词或动词转化为形容词的规律类别例词词尾加一ycloud一cloudy, lucklucky, health一healthy, sleepsleepyagain.9When meeting people at the airport, most people smile and shake hands with people they meet. We know that a smile is usually a sign that people feel friendly and happy, 81 what if we dont know w

5、ho the new person is? What if we are not 82. (introduce) by a friend? Sometimes people are dangerous and humans have to find ways to protect 83. (themself). We have to make sure we can trust people we do not know, and we have to show that we are not dangerous, showing our hands means that we are not

6、 armed. In many cultures today, the Western custom of84. (shake) hands is used. We use our right hand, which is usually 85. (strong) than the left one. If we are using our hand this way, it cannot be holding a knife or a gun. It shows that we can trust each other.Not all cultures use the handshake,

7、and people in many Asian cultures do not always touch another person. Japanese people might cover one hand with 86. other hand, depending on 87, they are greeting, bow 88. (slight) or quite low. A Muslim will touch his heart, mouth and forehead 89. (show) respect. They are all keeping their hands bu

8、sy. In almost all cultures, to smile and show an open right hand 90. (mean). Welcome, you are safe with me.词尾加（e）dgift一gifted, talenttalented, advance一advanced词尾加ful/lessmeaningmeaningfiil/meaningless9 carecareful/careless, helphelpflil/helpless, harmharmful/harmless, home一homeless, colourcolourful/

9、colourless, useusefUl/useless, thank一thankful, peace 一 peaceful词尾加 ablecomfortcomfbrtable, knowledgeknowledgeable, acceptacceptable, respect 一 respectable词尾加一OUSdangerdangerous9 couragecourageous, humourhumorous词尾的-ce变为一tconfidenceconfident, difference一different词尾加一almusic一musical, person一personal,

10、nation一national, educationeducational, traditiontraditional词尾加一lyfHend一friendly, week一weekly, love一lovely词尾加一enwood一wooden, wool一woolen其他常 见变化energyenergetic, fbol一fbolish, pleasurepleasant/pleased, sciencescientific以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加一 y（如sun-sunny, funfunny等），以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加一y（如 noisenoisy,

11、 ice-icy 等）动词词尾力口一 tive/-ive/-ativeattract一attractive, talk一talkative, prevent一preventive2 .区分一ed形容词与一ing形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人7-ing）,还是“感到”（一ed）；第二, 看语境说明的是性质特征（一ing）,还是感受（一ed）。具体如下：（1） ing型形容词主要用于修饰事物，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人的、修饰人时，则表 示此人具有此性质或特征。 The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。（故事本身有趣）。 Th

12、e man is very interesting.这个人很有趣。（人本身或人的性格有趣）（2）ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到的“，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时, 则多修饰 smile（微笑）、feeling（感觉）、appearance（外貌）、cry（哭）、face（面部表情）、voice（声音）、mood（情 绪）、look（表情）等表示某人的情感状况的名词。 He had a pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。（a pleased smile意为“满意的微笑。指某人因感到满意而露出的微笑） He told me the ne

13、ws in a very excited voice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。（a very excited voice意为“很激动的声音”，指某人因感到激动 而发出的声音）3.形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词形容词+后 缀一 lyclear一clearly, greatgreatly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly, sinceresincerely以辅音字母加一y结尾的形容 词，把y变成i再加一lyhappyhappily, heavyheavily, angry一angrily, lucky-luckily, noisynoisily词尾为-ble/-l

14、e的形容词，去掉e, 再加一yterrible一terribly, possible一possibly, gentle一gently, probableprobably, comfortablecomfbrtably, responsible一responsibly, suitable一suitably词尾为一ue的形容词，去掉e再 加一lytruetruly词尾为一11的形容词，直接加一yfullfully, dull-dully词尾为一ic的形容词，加一allybasicbasically, scientificscientifically, specificspecifically, a

15、utomaticautomatically二、形容词与副词的基本用法1 .形容词和副词的句法功能词性功能例句形容词在句中做定语、表语、补语和状语（说明 主语的状态、性质和特征等）Optimistic, she is the sort of lady to spread sunshine to people through her smile.乐观的她是那种通过微笑把阳光 传递给他人的女士。副词在句中做状语，修饰动词（短语）、形容 词、副词、介词短语和句子等，方位副 词可做后置定语、表语或补语I couldt find my way out, so I stayed there all alon

16、g.我找不到出去的路，因 此我一直待在那里。2 .兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。close接近（指距离）一closely仔细地，密切地free免费一freely自由地，自如地deep深一deeply深刻地，深入地hard努力地一hardly几乎不wide宽阔地一widely广泛地high高一highly高度地late晚，迟一lately近来near邻近一nearly几乎most最一mostly主要地；绝大多数地pretty相当地一prettily优美地提示下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、

17、lonelylovelydeadly friendlyugly silly likely brotherly timely 等。3.常用的连接性副词(完形中常考)though 一般用于句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折。meanwhile意为“在此期间”，表示两个动作同时发生。therefore/thus/consequently 意为“因此，所以，表示结果。moreover/furthermore/additionally 意为此夕卜”,表承接关系。besides意为另外，还有，表不递进关系。however意为“然而、表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。instead意为“相反”，表

18、示相反的情况。anyway/anyhow意为“尽管，即使这样”，表示让步。三、比较级和最高级的用法高考对形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表比较意义的语境 推出用比较级或最高级；二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。1 .比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式单音节以及少数双音节的形容词和副词，在原级后加一er、 est构成，如clevercleverer-cleverest0 其他特殊变化见下表：特殊情况构成方法例词以不发音的e结尾加一r和一stbravebraver-bravest以“辅音字母 +y”结尾变一y为i,再加一er和一esthappy-ha

19、ppier-happiest以重读闭音 节结尾双写词尾，再加一er和一esthot一hotter-hottest多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more、most构成。active-more active-most activehappily-more happily-most happily(2)不规则形式good/well -better-bestfar-farther/further-farthest/furthestbad/ill/badlyworseworst2 .等级用法的固定句型(1)同级比较：as +形容词/副词的原级+ as,其否定形式是“not as/so +形容

20、词/副词的原级+ as”。(2)比较级结构：形容词/副词的比较级+ than; more/less +多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+ than。 常见的修饰比较级的词有 any、much、even far by far a lot a great deal 等。The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。(3)最高级结构：the+形容词的最高级(+名词)+比较范围(in/of/among短语)；one of the+形容词的最 高级+名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by fa

21、r、almost以及序数词等。Raymonds parents wanted him to have the best possible education.雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。3 .比较级的常用句型“比较级+ and+比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示越来越Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive.假期的机票越来越便宜了。(2)“the+比较级,the+比较级”，表示“越.，越工The more you listen and read, the better you write and

22、 speak.你听得越多、读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。(3)“the+比较级+of(the) +名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较的LOf the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。4 .比较级形式表达最高级的含义(1)“否定词语+比较级”或“否定词语+ such/so . as”结构表示最高级含义。Your story is perfect; Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事

23、太完美了，我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：比较级+ than + any other +单数名词；比较级+ than + all the other +复数名词；比较级+ than + any of the other +复数名词。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长o5 .倍数表达法常见的倍数表达句型主要有：(1)A is +倍数

24、+比较级+ than + B(2)A is+倍数+ as +原级+ as + B(3)A is +倍数+ the+名词(size、length、height 等)+of+B(4)the+名词(size、length、height 等) + of A + is+倍数+ that+of+B(5)A is+倍数+ what引导的名词性从句Smoking is harmful to peoples health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍。【

25、高频考点强化】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1The story happened in ancient times. A king was so clever that he thought of a good way to test his men were reliable.One day, he had a huge rock 2 (place) on a roadway at night. Then he hid (him) nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the

26、big rock. Some 4_ (wealth) businessmen and high officials came by, but they simply walked around it. Many of them even loudly blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none of them would bother 5 (get) the big stone out of the way.Then a villager came along carrying a load of vegetables.

27、On 6 (approach) the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden, trying hard to move the stone to the side of the road. After much pushing, he (final) succeeded. As the villager picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the road where the rock 8. (be). The purse contained many

28、gold coins and a note from the king, saying that the gold was for the person 9. removed the huge rock from the road.The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents 10. opportunity to improve ones condition.2Questions:Dear DanielMy high school l

29、ife is 11.(stress) . I try to sleep for a while at noon, but I still get sleepy in the afternoon.What should I do?Heater Answeis:Dear Heater,This is a serious problem. As a teacher, I saw many students sleeping in class, 12. (able) to focus-evenchildren!Lets look at your lifestyle. Do you stay awake

30、 late at night? Do you use your smartphone before bed? Do you have caffeine at night?First, late nights are a bad habit, even if youre staying up late 13. (study) .Research shows that studying 14. youre tired is less effective. 15. (lose) sleep makes you too tired in class the next day. You should s

31、leep for seven or eight hours each night.Next, dont use your smartphone before bed. The screen keeps our eyes and brains 16. (wide) awake. If you 17. use a phone before bed, use a blue-light filter (过滤)app.Of course, you should avoid caffeine after dinner. This means no cola, no chocolate and no cof

32、fee. JX (drink) non-caffeinated teas or water.As 19, your sleepy afternoons, napping (午休)is normal and healthy. It sounds like you need a power nap”. These are 20-30 minute naps that give a boost (增强)of energy. Set your alarm for 25 minutes and get up when you hear it. Be careful! If you nap too lon

33、g, you will feel 20. (sleep) than before.Proper sleep is an important part of a healthy life, so taking a nap is taking care of yourself.Good luck!Daniel3James Roberts, a professor of Baylor University who 2L (study) the effects of the Big 5 personality (个性) features on online 22. (addict) now, said

34、 a better understanding of the correlations (相互关系)can help people 一 and particularly parents 一 keep away 23. the dangers.“We need to teach people to have 24, (much) self-control,Roberts said. “Our brains are being prepared for fast and exciting activities online, 25. is making us forget our own resp

35、onsibility we should shoulder. We talk about our personality 26. (affect) our social media use, but our social media use also affects our personality. . Weve seen a generation or two 27. (be) crazy about the Internet so that they9re used to constant stimulation (刺激) and quick and fast and shallow in

36、teractions (相互影响)David said he hopes the growing organizations of research on the topic will help people become more aware and 28. (avoid) addiction. 29. (note) that there are apps that can count peoples daily smart phone use, he said, “Most people dont realize they unlock their phone 200 times 30.

37、day.”Advice is a word that is welcomed warmly by a lot of people. It helps in 31. (achieve) goals in a better way.As we know, 32. (experience) people offer their advice with a positive attitude without making a 33. (judge). You can learn how they give advice.Give advice to people who welcome it. In

38、fact, your focus should be helping others and making 34. aware that the advice can be useful if taken in the right spirit. When advice 35. (give), it should be short. It is also essential that while giving advice, one should be fair. As giving advice is 36. art, you should always state the positive

39、side first so that the person is 37. (relax) and would in turn welcome your advice.Give advice on certain matters. 38. a friend of yours wants to buy a car and requests your advice on the matter, your aim should be to give him details about things to be purchased, but you need not go for some partic

40、ular brands or items. 39. (similar), advice on some other important issues, like staying in the relationship or future planning, needs to be given 40. (cautious).5Who is smarter? A human being or artificial intelligence? The question 4L (sweep) across the world when a Google-developed program called

41、 AlphaGo defeated the world top player. So, what comes next?Some people are pessimistic, saying that the full development of artificial intelligence, 42. AI in short, could mean the end of the human race. So are we really about to live in the world 43. (show) in the Terminator (终结 者)movies?“Not quit

42、e, answered John Markoff of The New York Times, 44. is optimistic about the future. We think that, for the human beings, things like sight and balance, 45. (be)natural and ordinary in our life. Also, we humans are better at making 46. (adjust) to the surroundings. We have a long way to go before AI

43、can 47. (true) begin to be similar to the human brain, even though the technology can be great. Meanwhile, John Markoff said that researchers should build artificial intelligence to make people more 48. (effect).“Our fate (命运)is 49. our own hands, “he added/Since technology depends on the values of

44、50. (it) creators, we can choose to use technology to improve the world.”6There was a young flower in the desert5L all was dry and sad looking. It was growing by itself,52. (enjoy) every day and saying to the sun, 53. shall I be grown up? And the sun would say nBe54. (patience) ! Each time I touch y

45、ou, you grow a little.11 She was so pleased,55, she would have a chance to bring beauty to this corner of sand.And this is all she wanted to do - bring a little bit of beauty to this world.56. one day the hunter came by and stepped on her. She was going to die and she felt so sad, not because she wa

46、s57.(die), but because she would58. (ever) have a chance to bring a little bit of beauty to this corner of the desert.The great spirit saw her, and was listening. - Indeed, he said. She should be living. So he reached down and touched her and gave her59, second life.Finally she grew up to be a beaut

47、iful flower. And this corner of the desert also became so beautiful because60. the little flower.7Imagine 61. (take) a photo of an apple on the moon with your smartphone. It seems 62. possible) , right? But that*s what it was like63, scientists to take a photo of a black hole in space. In spite of many challenges, scientists have finally gotten the first image of a black hole.Black holes are one of the most mysterious things in 64. universe. According to Einsteins theory, a black hole comes from a dying star. 65. collapses (坍塌)into a small point with a