上海市徐汇区南洋模范学校2022-2023学年高三上学期9月开学考英语试题.docx

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1、南洋模范学校2022-2023学年高三上学期9月开学考英语试卷解析版IL Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blan

2、ks, use one word that best fits each blank.Quantum computer chips demonstrated at the highest temperatures everQuantum computing is heating up. For the first time, quantum computer chips (operate) at a temperature above -272, or 1 kelvin. That may still seem frigid, but it is just warm enough to pot

3、entially enable a huge leap in the capabilities.Quantum computers are made of quantum bits, or qubits(量子比特),2 can be made in severaldifferent ways. One that 3 (receive) attention from some of the fields big players consists of electrons on a silicon chip. -so the qubits have to be stored in powerful

4、 refrigerators. The electronics that power them wont run at such low temperatures, and also emit heat that could disrupt the qubits, so 4 are generally stored outside the refrigerators with each qubit is connected by a wire to its electronic controller.Eventually, fbr useful quantum computing, we wi

5、ll need to go to something like a million qubits, and this sort of brute force method, with one wire per qubit, wont work any more,“ says Menno Veldhorst at QuTech in the Netherlands. It works fbr two qubits, but not for a million.Veldhorst and his colleagues, 5 another team led by researchers at th

6、e University of New South Wales in Australia, have how demonstrated that these qubits can be operated at 6 (high) temperatures. The latter team showed they were able to control the state of two qubits on a chip at temperatures up to 1.5 kelvin, and Veldhorsfs group used two qubits at 1.1 kelvin in 7

7、 is called a logic gate, which performs the basic operations that make up more complex calculations.考查名词词义辨析。句意：旧金山加利福尼亚大学的约瑟夫马金和他的同事们使用深度学习算法研究了 四名女性说话时的大脑信号。A. emotion情绪；B.attractiveness吸引力;C.awareness意识；D. signals信 号。根据第六段中 “The team tried decoding the brain signal data into 10 words at time, rat

8、her than whole sentences,（研究小组试图将大脑信号数据一次解码成单个单词，而不是整个句子）”可知，这里说的 是研究了四名女性说话时的大脑信号，故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些女性都患有癫痫，她们的大脑上已经安装了电极来监测癫痫发作。A. monitor 监控；B. master 掌握；C. control 控制；D. expect 预期。根据上文 “ The women, who all have epilepsy, already had electrodes attached to their brains （这些女性都患有癫痫症，她们的大脑已经

9、安装了电 极）”可知，给她们的电脑安装上电极是为了监测癫痫发作，故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最大的句子组包含250个独特的单词。A. concluded得出结论；B. excluded不 包括；C. contained包含；D.increased增加。根据设空前的“sentences（句子）”以及设空后的“words（单 词）”可知，这里使用contain “包含”符合题意，即句子包含单词，故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该团队将这种大脑活动输入到一种神经网络算法中，训练它识别与语音重复方 面相关的规律性出现的模式，例如元音或辅音。A. extended延长

10、；B. occurring出现；C.ignored忽视；D. concerned 涉及。 根据下文 “that could be linked to repeated aspects of speech, such as vowels or consonants.（这 可能与语音的重复方面有关，例如元音或辅音。）”可知这里说的是规律性出现的模式，故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后将这些模式输入第二个神经网络，该网络试图将其转换为单词以形成句 子。A. form 形成;B. handle 处理;C. hand 递交;D. force 强迫。根据上文 “tried to turn

11、 them into words（试 图将其转换为单词）”可知，这里说的是转换为单词后组成句子，故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个女性至少重复两次句子，最后的重复并没有构成训练数据的一部分，这让 研究人员可以测试这个系统。A. issuing宣布；B. producing生产;C. allowing准许;D. acquiring获得。根据上文 “Each woman repeated the sentences at least twice, and the final repetition didnt form part of the training data（每个女人至

12、少重复两次句子，最后的重复并不是训练数据的一部分）”可知，这样做可以让研究人员测 试这个系统，短语allow sb to do sth “允许某人做某事”符合题意，故选C项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这四名女性中，人工智能的最佳表现是平均翻译错误率为3%。A. behavior 行为；B. comment 评论；C. preparation 准备；D. performance 表现。根据下文 “ an average translation error rate of 3 percent（平均翻译错误率为3%）”可知，平均翻译错误率为3%,这是人工智能的最佳表现，故选D 项。【2

13、9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，人工智能能够从大脑活动中解码出，在这组句子中，单词“Turner”很 可能总是跟在单词“Tina”后面。A. possibility可能性；B.activity活动;C.capacity容量；D. responsibility 责任。 根据第四段中 “Each time a person speaks the same sentence, the brain activity associated will be similar but not identical.（每次一个人说同一句话，大脑的活动都是相似的，但并不完全相同。）”可知，这里说的 是人工智

14、能从大脑活动中，解码出信息，故选B项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究小组试图将大脑信号数据一次解码成单个单词，而不是整个句子，但即 使表现最好,这还是将错误率提高到38%。A. individual单独的;B.financial财务的;C.social社交的；D. technical技术的。根据下文“rather than whole sentences（而不是整个句子）”可知，此处指研究小组试图将 大脑信号数据一次解码成单个单词，故选A项。31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很明显，网络正在学习关于哪些单词组合在一起的事实，而不仅仅是哪些神经 活动映射到哪些单词。A. serv

15、es服务；B. finishes完成；C.maps映射；D. competes竞争。根据上文“So the network clearly is learning facts about which words go together（因此，网络显然正在学习关于哪些单词组合 在一起的事实）”可知，网络正在学习关于哪些单词组合在一起的事实,而不仅仅是哪些神经活动映射到哪 些单词，故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这将使系统很难扩展到更大的词汇量，因为每个新词都会增加可能的句子 数量，降低准确性。A. switch up转换;B. put up建造;C.rise up升起；D.

16、scale up增大。根据上文“The team tried decoding the brain signal data into 10 words at time, rather than whole sentences, but this increased the error rate to 38 per cent even for the best performance.（研究小组试图将大脑信号数据一次解码成 单个单词，而不是整个句子，但即使表现最好，这还是将错误率提高到38%。）可知，这里说的是这使 得系统很难扩展到更大的词汇量，故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这

17、将使系统很难扩展到更大的词汇量，因为每个新词都会增加可能的句子数 量，降低准确性。A. privacy隐私;B.accuracy准确性;C.currency货币;D. fluency流畅。根据上文“The team tried decoding the brain signal data into 10 words at time, rather than whole sentences, but this increased the error rate to 38 per cent even for the best performance.（研究小组试图将大脑信号数据一次解码成 单个单词

18、，而不是整个句子，但即使表现最好，这还是将错误率提高到38%。）”可知，增大词汇量，就 意味着降低准确性，故选B项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们的大脑活动可能与本研究中的女性不同，这使得这项工作更加困 难。A. critical挑剔的;B.specific具体的；C.proper适当的;D. difficult困难的。根据上文“it is possible their brain activity may be different from that of the women in this study（她们的大脑活动可能与在这项研究中的 女性不同）”可知，真正有语言障碍的

19、病人的大脑活动可能与本研究中的女性不同，这会让这项工作更加困 难，故选D项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能知道大约25万个单词，所以他们使用语言仍然非常有限。A. committed忠诚的；B. oppressed受压制J的；C.restricted限制的；D. dominated占主导地位的。根据上文“Sophie Scott at University College London says we are a long way from being able to translate brain signal data comprehensively伦敦大学学院的索菲斯科特

20、表示，要全面翻译大脑信号数据，我们还有很长的路耍 走。）”可知，要全面翻译大脑信号数据，我们还有很长的路要走，这说明即使你可能知道大约25万个单 词，这些单词还是非常有限的，故选C项。Section BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that f

21、its best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Of all the components of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolu

22、tionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just mental noise-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of

23、 the minds emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off line. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. Its your dream J says Rosalind Cartwrig

24、ht, chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center, if you dont like it, change it.”The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that t

25、hey are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright be

26、lieves one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, l

27、iterally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there9s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep up from sleeping or we wake up in panic J Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased peoples anxiety.

28、Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and youll feel better in the morning.36. By saying that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat. (Para. 1) t

29、he researchers mean thatA. we can think logically in the dreams tooB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable37. What did Cartwright find in her clinic?A. Most bad dreams were followed

30、by happier ones.B. Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.C. Ones dreaming process is related to his emotion.D People having negative feelings dream more often.38. That author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should.A. learn to control his dreamsB. consult a doctorC. sleep

31、 and dream on itD. get rid of anxiety first【答案】36.D37. C 38. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了心理学家对于梦的看法，以及人们可以通过反复练习控制自己的 梦，梦对人们生活的影响等。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句 Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotionalthermostat, regulating moods while the brain is off line. And one leading authority s

32、ays that these intenselypowerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.（现在研究人员怀疑，梦是大脑情绪恒温器的一部分，在大脑离线时调节情绪。一位权威 人士表示，这些强烈的精神活动不仅可以被利用，实际上还可以被有意识地控制，以帮助我们睡眠和感觉 更好。）”可知，这里说梦是大脑恒温器的一部分是因为梦能帮助我们调解情绪，通过控制梦使我们睡眠 更好。故选D项。【37题详解

33、】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 u Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don* always think about the emotional significance of the days events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.（因为我们的意识被日 常生活所占据，所以我们并不总是去思考当天事件的情感意义直到我们开始做梦。）”可知，一个人 做梦其实是因为他在思考当天时间的情感意义。故选c项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句 Those suffe

34、ring from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.（那些遭受持续噩梦折磨的人应该寻求治疗师的帮助。）”可知，一直遭受噩梦折磨的人应该去 寻求治疗师和医生的帮助。（B）People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they w

35、anted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in p

36、ictures.About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet.The Egy

37、ptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture-writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories. I

38、t has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make theirway of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it.By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had d

39、eveloped a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alpha

40、bet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspa

41、pers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.39. Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because.A. the hunters wanted to

42、see the picturesB. the painters were animal loversC. the painters wanted to show imaginationD. the pictures were thought to be helpful40. The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that.A. the former was easy to writeB. there were fewer signs in the

43、formerC. the former was easy to pronounceD. each sign stood for only one sound41. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.B. The Egyptians liked to write comic-strip stories.C. The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian one.D. The Gr

44、eeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians.42. In the last paragraph, the author thinks that pictures.A. should be made comprehensibleB. should be made interestingC. are of much use in our lifeD. have disappeared from our life【答案】39.D40. C 41. A 42. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍人类绘画 历史。从猎人的画到埃及人开始用

45、图画当作书写。还有希 腊人发展了这种符号系统并形成了希腊字母。罗马人的字母应用到世界各地。现今，我们还是有许多地方 需要图画，比如：绘画、照片、标记和图表。【39题详解】细节理解题。由第一段的句子 “Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals（也许画家们认为他们的画可以帮助他们捕捉这些动物。）”可知，绘画在岩壁上是因为这些画被认 为在捕捉动物的时候是有用的。故选D。【40题详解】细节理解题。由文中第四段的句子 “The signs they used were v

46、ery easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet.（他们使用的符号非常容易书写， 而且比埃及体系中的符号要少。这是因为每个符号或字母在他们的语言中只代表一个声音。希腊人发

47、展了 这个系统，形成了希腊字母表中的字母。）”可知，希腊的文字更容易写，符号更少，每个符号只代表一个 读音。文章没有提到希腊字母容易发音，故选C。41题详解】细节理解题。从第二段的句子 “They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet他们画简单的图画 或符号来表现事物和思想，也表现他们语言的声音。这些人

48、使用的符号变成了一种字母表。）”可知埃及的 符号后来变成了一种特殊的字母。故选A。【42题详解】细节理解题。从短文的最后一句 uPictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.（图片可以帮助我们更容易地理解和记忆事物，而且它们可以使故事更加 有趣。）”可知，作者认为现在绘画还是很有用的，故选C。(C)I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. Y

49、ou may think people in such a glamorous, fun- filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness