2023年甘肃省天水市甘谷县考研《英语一》考前冲刺试题含解析.docx

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1、2023年甘肃省天水市甘谷县考研英语一考前冲刺试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)An old man had been working for many years for a town. His job was to clear away natural waste from the pool water

2、 in the hills, which made up the lovely river flowing through the town nearby. Quietly and 1 the old man guarded the hills,2 the leaves and branches, and cleaned up the dirt that would have 3 and polluted the fresh flow of water . The town soon became a popular attraction for tourists. Elegant swans

3、 (天鹅)floated along the clear river and the view was so beautiful 4 words.Years passed. One evening the town 5 met. As they reviewed the budget, one man?s 6 caught sight of the salary 7 being paid to the seldom seen keeper of the river. He askedWho is the old man? Why do w 8 to employ him? Noone in t

4、own eve 9 him. For all we know, the strange keeper of the hills isnt doing his job. His position isnt 10 any longer/9 Then they voted to 11 the man.For several weeks, nothing changed.By early autumn, the trees began to 12 their leaves. Small branches broke off and fell into the pools of the hills, 1

5、3 the flow of the shining water. One afternoon, someone noticed a slight yellowish-brown 14 in the river. A few days later, the water was much 15 Within another week, an oily something covered some sections of the water along the banks, and a terrible 16 was soon sensed. Swans left and so did the 17

6、 The only thing that was now visiting the village was disease and sickness.Quickly, the 18 town committee called a special meeting. Realizing their huge error in 19 they rehired the old keeper of the river again, and within a few weeks, the river began to clear up. Swans and tourists came back again

7、 and new life returned to the small town in the Alps.Never ignore the seeming smallness of a task, job or life. They may all make a 201、 A. regularlyB.suddenlyC. naturallyD. actually2 A. cutB.burnedC removedD. selected3、A. carriedB.pouredC. changedD. blocked4、 A. beyondB.withC. inD. after5、A. office

8、B.associationC. departmentD. committee6、 A. eyeB.careC. handD. mind7、A. listB.formC figureD. account8、 A. promiseB.continueC. stopD. tendEven one person can make a big difference by eating less meat and moving toward a plant-based diet and make contributions to the health of the planet as well as yo

9、ur own. Recognize how the food we eat is connected to other living beings. It often helps us make much wiser buying choices. 4、This way, we will help people around the world enjoy more eco-friendly and nutritious foods.5、When you change your diet to be more sustainable, you become visible proof that

10、 changing our food habits is doable, healthy, and enjoyable.A. Little things matter in your relationship with the earth.B. By buying mindfully, we support local, affordable agriculture.C. But we can change our diet to heal the earth as we heal ourselves.D. Unfortunately, the majority is used to rais

11、e livestock or for crops consumed by them.E. Your choices create positive impacts on the food system and inspire the people around you.F. Theres one step you can take right away to reduce harm to Mother Earth.G. We can try to reduce waste by using leftovers and eating the fresh produce we buy.参考答案Se

12、ction I Use of English1、1. A2. C3. D4. A5. D6. A7. C8. B9. D10. C11. B12. A13. C14. B15. D16. B17. D18. A19. C20. BSection II Reading Comprehension2、1. B2. C3. D4. D3、1. C2. D3. A4. C4、1. A2. D3. C4. D5、1. B2. C3. D4. B6、1. further/ farther2. , they3. committed4. to5. does6. than9. Saying10. missing

13、7、 1. knew2. were playing3. his4. an5. . staring6. depth7. frightens8. scared9. at10. nightsSection III Translation8、1. F2. D3. G4. A5. E9、1. F2. D3. C4. B5. E9、 A. visitsB.hiresC. tellsD. sees10、A. powerfulB.importantC. necessaryD. suitable11、A. findB.fireC. supportD. forgot12、A. loseB.missC. fallD

14、. grow13、A. pullingB.speedingC. slowingD. pushing14、A. fishB.colorC. flowerD. leaf15、A. deeperB.coolerC , warmerD. darker16、 A. soundB.smellC. waveD. taste17、A. managersB.passengersC. villagersD. tourists18、A. embarrassedB.annoyedC. discouragedD. diappointed19、A. arrangementB.assignmentC. judgementD

15、. amusement20、A. suggestionB.differenceC. progressD. decisionSection II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1If Confucius（孑L子）were alive today and

16、could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.While many people in China remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. Ifs nothing personal

17、. Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.But that doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.In the past twenty years, the Chinese stu

18、dies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and phil

19、osophy（哲学）.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of（利用）ancient Chinese wisdom to make up the drawbacks（缺陷） Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equa

20、l power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well. Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more to introduce Confucius and Chine

21、se culture to the West. As for the old thinker, he will not be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.1、The opening paragraph is mainly intended to.A. provide some key facts about ConfuciusB. attract the readers, interest in the subjectC. show great respect for the ancient thinkerD

22、. prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations2、We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students.A. take an active part in Chinese competitionsB. try to get high scores in Chinese examsC. have a great interest in studying ChineseD. fight for a chance to learn Chinese3、What is the best ti

23、tle for this passage?A. Forgotten Wisdom in AmericaB. Huge Fans of the Chinese LanguageC - Chinese Culture for WesternersD. Old Thinker with a Big Future4、The passage is likely to appear in.A , a biographyB. a history paperC. a philosophy textbook D. a newspaperText 2The year 2018 will mark the 100t

24、h anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic（瘟疫）of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world. Other estimates go much higher. Because of a lack of medical record-keeping, we may never know the exact number.The influenza was

25、a fast killer. Some victims died within hours of their first symptoms. Others died after a few days, their lungs filled with liquid and they choked to death. The 1918 flu pandemic was also different from other outbreaks. It struck many young, healthy people. Viruses usually affect sick or old people

26、.Although modern medicine effectively controls many diseases, influenza remains difficult to protect against. The World Health Organization estimates that every year influenza kills 250,000 to 500,000 people around the world. Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines（疫苗）which offer immunity

27、（免疫）from some influenza viruses. But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread.Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the swine flu or H1N1 outbreak in 2009. Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Inst

28、itute of Infectious Diseases in the United States says that virus caused a true pandemic.To stop the next pandemic, scientists are now researching how to create a universal influenza vaccine. In October 2017, Vanderbilt University Medical Center in the U. S. announced the Universal Influenza Vaccine

29、 Initiative. The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world. The university added that researchers will begin tests in early 2018. the Human Vaccines Project, a

30、 publicprivate partnership, is funding the project. However, until a universal influenza vaccine is available, todays seasonal flu vaccine remains important.1、What do we know about the influenza in 1918?A. It swept across the whole Europe.B. No one survived the first few days.C. It killed the larges

31、t number of people.D. It struck only young and healthy people.2、Why is influenza difficult to protect against?A. It spreads too rapidly.B. It is quite easy to catch.C. No vaccine is available.D. Its hard to judge the form of virus.3、What does the author want to tell by mentioning H1N1 in 2009?A. New

32、 forms of flu virus keeps appearing. B , It was the most serious in recent years.C. It was caused by the same flu virus of 1918.D. The H1N1 virus was deadly as well.4、What can we learn about the universal influenza vaccine?A. The development is quite costly. B. It will be used all over the world.C.

33、It can protect against all forms of flu. D. It will soon come into use in 2019.Text 3 Learning New Vocabulary during Deep SleepSleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time. This raises the question whether the time spent asleep could be used more productively, e.g. for learning a new lang

34、uage? Up-to-now sleep research focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined. There is enough evidence for wake-learned information undergoing a revision by replay in the sleeping brain. The

35、 replay during sleep strengthens the still weak memory and leaves the newly acquired information in the pre-existing store of knowledge.If re-play during sleep improves the storage of wake-learned information, then first-play, i.e. the initial processing of new information, should also be possible d

36、uring sleep.The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic （语义的） associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells, active states, the so-called Up-states79 It turned out to be that what they thought was reas

37、onable. When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep, the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called “Up-state“ and the inactive state

38、 “Down-state”. The two states alternate （交替）about every half-second.New evidence for sleep-learning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The concept of sleep that we are separated from the physical environment is no longer reasonable. nIt,s false that complex learning be impo

39、ssible during deep sleep/ says Simon Ruch, co-first-author. nIn how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be applied for the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years,1 says Katharina Henke.The research group of Katharina Henke is part of the Interfaculty R

40、esearch Cooperation （IRC）. Thirteen research groups in medicine, biology and psychology are part of the IRC. The aim of these research groups is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms （原理）involved in sleep and consciousness.1、Which of the followings havent sleep researchers achieved so far

41、?A. People can learn vocabulary during deep sleep.B. Memories can be stable and strong during sleep.C. Wake-learned information can appear in the sleeping brain.D. Re-play during sleep improves the storage of wake-learned information. 2 What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. “Up-state and Down-sta

42、te” appear in turn during deep sleep.B. “Up-states“ is another name for the brain cells active states.C. Semantic associations are important for language learning. D. The brain cells, active states are central for sleep-learning. 3 What will researchers do within several years according to the passa

43、ge? A. Make study in the following fields such as medicine and biology.B. Separate us from the physical environment.C. Apply deep sleep for information learning.D. Discover the concept of sleep.4、What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce a new way of vocabulary learning.B. To gain a be

44、tter understanding of the mechanisms.C. To challenge current theories of sleep and theories of memory.D. To explain the possibility of vocabulary learning during deep sleep.Text 4 Early or Later Day CareMany young parents are confused about whether their children should have early day care, and ther

45、e have always been different views on this subject.The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from parents during the sensitive “attachment period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and lead to psychological problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclu

46、sion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before three because of the parental separation it causes, and many people do believe this.According to Bowlby, a great deal of psychological harm can occur when young children are separated from their parents. If they are left

47、 without touch for a while, they will have a higher stress level. Parents9 influence on their childrens well-being may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a childs brain is developing rapidly and when nearly all of her or his experiences are shaped by parents and the family

48、 environment.However, there are critics. Some anthropologists （人类学家）point out that the love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. There has been a long history of the fact that father and mother did not bring up their children alone. Plato, around 394 B. C