江苏省扬州中学2023-2024学年高一上学期10月月考英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、江苏省扬州中学2023-2024学年第一学期质量检测高一英语（本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）选择题部分第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节：（共5小题：每一小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .What is the mans middle name?A.Andy.B.James.C.Lee.2 .Who will play with Simon?A.His sister.B.His mother.

2、C.His father.3 .Where does the conversation take place?A. In a holiday house in Spain.B. In the speakers9 new house.C.At the home of the womans parents.4 What will the man do next?A.Cook supper.B.Meet with a buyer.C.Return to his office.5 .When does the bank close on Saturdays?A.At 1:00 p.m.B.At 3:0

3、0 p.m.C.At 4:00 p.m.第二节：（共15小题;每小题L5分，满分225分）不同的屋顶，拍摄了这些动物被释放出来时人们奔跑的景象）”可知，Parisi和他的团队拍摄了牛被放出来时 的场景。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段 “Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd, which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and u

4、rban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision, which could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death.（有些出人意料的是，研究发现，跑步者的速度随着人群密度的增加而增加。这 与建筑和城市设计界长期以来的假设相反，即随着人群密度的增加，人们会放慢速度，以降低发生碰撞的 风险，因为碰撞可能导致摔倒，甚至受伤或死亡）”可知，研究意外发现，人群密度越

5、大，人们跑得越快。 故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them wider.（因此，城市设计师的责任在于研究如何最好地规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他通道的建设去限制流 量。唯一的选

6、择很可能是把它们加宽）”可知，未来的桥梁和隧道可能会更宽阔。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds .（一篇刚刚发表在科学上的论文描述了对这次活动恐慌人群的心理洞察）” 以及最后一段 “The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the co

7、nstruction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow.（因此，城市设计师的责任在于研究如何最好地规 划未来隧道、桥梁和其他通道的建设去限制流量）”可知，本篇章不仅是谈论奔牛，而是讨论“奔牛作为观 察人们在危险中如何表现的自然实验场景”给建筑设计师的启示。故选D项。D“There is one and only one social responsibility of business/9 wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist,

8、 that is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.But even if you accept Friedmans statement and regard corporate social responsibility （CSR） policies as a waste of shareholders9 money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may

9、create monetaiy value for companies at least when they are charged with corruption （腐败）.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, cons

10、umers may take CSR spending as a “signal“ that a companys products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a companys products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse （分散 的）“halo effect“ its good deeds earn it greater considera

11、tion from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble distinguishing these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions （起诉）under Americans Foreign Corrupt Practices Act （FCPA）. It argues that si

12、nce prosecutors do not consume a companys products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study finds that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tend to get more lenientpunishments. Their analysis rules out the possib

13、ility that it is the firms political influence, rather than its CSR stance, that accounts for the leniency: Companies that contribute more to political campaigns do not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do s

14、eem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR. We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labor-rights concern, such as child labor, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.says one r

15、esearcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are relying on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good charac

16、ter can win them a less costly punishment.12. The author views Milton Friedmans statement about CSR with.A. uncertaintyB. interestC. approvalD. tolerance13. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by.A. guarding it against malpracticesB. protecting it from consumersC. winning trust from consum

17、ersD. raising the quality of its products14. The underlined expression more lenient5in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to.A. less debatableB. more lastingC. more effectiveD. less severe15. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a companys CSR record.A. comes across as reliable evidenceB. has an impact

18、on their decisionC. is considered part of the investigationD. increases the chance of being punished【答案】12.A13. C 14. D 15. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报告。文章探讨了企业社会责任对企业在法律纠纷中的影响，研究发现，拥有全面企业社会责任计划的公司在被起诉时通常会受到较轻的惩罚，这表明企业社会责任可能为企业创造货币 价值，并在法律纠纷中起到积极作用。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 “But even if you accept Friedmans statemen

19、t and regard corporate social responsibility （CSR） policies as a waste of shareholders9 money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are charged with corruption（腐败）.（但是,B|J 使你接受弗里德曼的说法，并认为企业社会责任政策是在浪费股东的钱，事情可

20、能也不是绝对明确的。新 的研究表明，企业社会责任至少可以在企业被控腐败的情况下为企业创造经济价值。）”可知，作者不确定 地看待米尔顿弗里德曼关于企业社会责任的陈述，他认为事情可能也不是绝对明确的。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“First, consumers may take CSR spending as a signal9 that a companys products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a companys products as an indirect way t

21、o donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse（分散的）halo effecf its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.（首先，消费者可能将企业社会责任支出视为企业产品质量高的信 号。其次，消费者可能愿意购买公司的产品，作为一种间接的方式来捐赠给它所帮助的慈善事业。第三， 通过一种更广泛的光环效应，它的善行赢得了消费者和其他人更多的关注。）”可知，承担企业社会责 任的行为能帮助企业赢得消费者的信任，

22、消费者认为该企业的产品质量好，愿意购买企业的产品，会更多 地关注该企业。故选C项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段 “The study finds that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tend to get more lenientpunishments. Their analysis rules out the possibility that it is the firms political influence, rather than its CSR stan

23、ce, that accounts for the leniency: Companies that contribute more to political campaigns do not receive lower Unes.（研究发现，在被起诉的公司中,那些拥有最全面的企业社会责 任计划的公司往往会得到more lenient的惩罚。他们的分析排除了这样一种可能性，即公司的政治影响力， 而不是其企业社会责任立场，导致了宽大处理：对政治活动贡献更多的公司并没有得到更低的罚款）”可知， 对政治活动贡献更多的公司并没有得到更低的罚款，处以更低的、更轻的罚款的是有最全面的企业社会责 任计划的公

24、司，more lenient意为“更宽容的”，故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 “In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR.（总而言之，该研究得出的结论 是，尽管检察官应该只根据案情来评估案件，但他们似乎确实会受到公司在企业社会责任方面的记录的影 响。）”可知，当检察官评估案件时，公司的企业社会责任的记

25、录会影响到他的评判，故选B项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theres a lot to cope with when you go off to university. 16 For most students, a completely new environment is waiting to be explored.We recently drove our daughter Evie 150 miles to start life as a fresher. It was a s

26、truggle to find the car park, let alone explore the huge campus. Although we knew she had flatmates and phone apps to get her to fit in, the challenge ahead was clear-to find her way in an unfamiliar world. 17In a recent study, volunteers walked around a virtual forest environment. Then some of them

27、 took the same walk again, while others explored a different forest. 18 According to the researchers, that was because exploring the new environment stimulated their dopamine （多巴月安）systemsetting up their brains for memorizing things. Thus, they scored higher.So leaving home to study makes perfect se

28、nse. 19 But we may all be able to gain some of the benefits, even if its just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills. Here are three things to try: Go somewhere new to tackle an upcoming learning task-like memorizing a speech in the library, or revising for an exam in a parkan

29、d take an unfamiliar route to get there. 20 To warm yourself up for learning, picture a city you know well, but imagine youre tapped in apart of it that youve never visited. Then try to visualize exactly how you,ll get out. Play video games that get you moving through new landscapes. Then see whethe

30、r it improves your success with other learning tasks like practising a dance or mastering phrases for a foreign trip.A. Get lost in your imagination.B. Prepare yourself for a city tour.C. But exploring places as such is beneficial to memory.D. People prove to be more adaptable after new experience.E

31、. The latter group performed better in memory tests straight after.F. There are new friends to meet and new responsibilities to accept.G. Young minds seem to gain most from being in strange surroundings.【答案】16.F17. C 18.E19. G 20. A【解析】【导语】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己女儿的例子，表达了人们在一个陌生的新的环境中，应该勇于探索和尝试的观点，作者认为这会给人

32、们带来好处，并给出了一些具体的做法和建议。【16题详解】根据上一句Theres a lot to cope with when you go off to university. （当你离开家去上大学时，有很多事情 要处理。），选项 F. There are new friends to meet and new responsibilities to accept.（有新的朋友要认识，有新 的责任要承担。）补充说明了离开家去上大学时会面对的情况，与上一句是并列递进关系，承接上文，衔接 合理。故选F。【17题详解】根据前文 “It was a struggle to find the car

33、park, let alone explore the huge campus.（找到停车场都很困难，更 不用说探索这个巨大的校园了。）和 “Although we knew she had flatmates and phone apps to get her to fit in, the challenge ahead was clearto find her way in an unfamiliar world.（虽然我们矢口道她有室友和手机应用程序 让她适应环境，但前方的挑战很明显在一个陌生的世界里找到自己的路。）可知，前文表达了目前主要 的挑战是适应新环境，而不是探索校园；但根据第三

34、段“According to the researchers, that was because exploring the new environment stimulated their dopamine （多巴月安）system-setting up their brains for memorizing things. ”（根据研究人员的说法，这是因为探索新环境刺激了他们的多巴胺系统一建立他们的大脑来记忆东西。）可 知，探索新环境对大脑记忆是有好处的，所以选项C. But exploring places as such is beneficial to memory.（但 探索这样的

35、地方对记忆是有益的。）与前文有转折关系，合理引出了下文，符合语境。故选C。【18题详解】根据上句 “Then some of them took the same walk again, while others explored a different forestn （于是，他们 中的一些人又走了一次同样的路，而另一些人则探索了另一片不同的森林）可知，前组的成员走的老路， 后组的成员探索了新路；结合下一句 According to the researchers, that was because exploring the new environment stimulated their

36、 dopamine （多巴月安）systemsetting up their brains for memorizing things. Thus, they scored higher-（根据研究人员的说法，这是因为探索新环境刺激了他们的多巴胺系统一建立他们的大脑来 记忆东西。因此，他们的得分更高。）可知，后组的成员在大脑记忆方面的测试得分更高，表现更好，与选 项 E. The latter group performed better in memory tests straight after.（后一组在接下来的记忆测试中表现更好。） 句意相符，下一句是对选项E的具体解释。故选E。【19

37、题详解】根据下句 “But we may all be able to gain some of the benefits, even if its just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills.（但我们也许都能从中获益，即使只是通过刺激我们的感官和挑战我们的思 维能力。）中的“But”和“all”和句意可知，空处应该是指某一部分人会从中获益，选项G Young minds seem to gain most from being in strange surroundings.（年轻人似乎从陌生的环境中获

38、益最多。）表达了这层含义， 与下文衔接合理。故选G。【20题详解】 空处为段落主题句，根据最后两段可知，应该为祈使句，故答案选自A或B；根据下一句To warm yourself up fbr learning, picture a city you know well, but imagine youre tapped in a part of it that youve never visited.”（为了给自己的学习热身，想象一个你熟悉的城市，但想象你身处其中一个你从未去过的地方。）可知，本 段主要讲述要善于想象；选项A. Get lost in your imagination.（沉浸

39、在你的想象中。）与其语意相符，符合语境。故选A。第三部分语言运用（共四节，满分55分）第一节完形填空（共15小题海小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。It was a cold, rainy day, and I had no desire to drive up the winding mountain road to my daughter Carolyns house. But she 21 that I come to see something at the top of the mou

40、ntain.So here I was, 22 making the two-hour journey through thick fog. Nothing could be worth this,I thought as I 23 along the dangerous highway.Turning down a narrow track, we 24 and got out. We walked along a path that was thick with old pineneedles. Huge black-green evergreens （常青树）25 over us.Gra

41、dually,the peace and silence of the place began to 26 my mind.Then we turned a corner and stopped at the top of the mountain and I was entirely held in 27 There across fields and valleys were rivers of fully-opened yellow flowers from the light one to the most brilliant. It looked as though the sun

42、had tipped over and 28 the mountainside in gold.29 occurred to my mind.Who created such beauty? How? When? As we approached the house that stood in the center of the property, we saw a 30 that read: Answers to the Questions I Know You Are Asking.” The first answer was: One Woman-Two Hands, Two Feet

43、and Very Little Brain.9, The second was:3j at a Time. The third: Started in 1958.”As we drove home, I was so moved by what we had seen that I could 32 speak/She changed the world/91 finally said, “one small plant at a time. She started almost 40 years ago, probably just the 33 of an idea, but she ke

44、pt at it.”The wonder of it would not let me go. Imagine,“ I said, if Id had a dream and34it, just a little bitevery day, what might I have accomplished? Carolyn looked at me sideways, smiling. Start tomorrow/9 she said, “35 yet, start today.”21. A. askedB. commandedC. insistedD. predicted22. A. unwi

45、llinglyB. undoubtedlyC. unknowinglyD. unexpectedly23. A. walkedB. inchedC. wanderedD. fled24. A. pulled overB. stepped downC. looked upD. turned off25. A. greetedB. flowedC.reachedD. towered26. A. admitB.fillC. controlD.read27. A. amazementB. curiosityC. amusementD. confusion28. A. pushedB. movedC.

46、swungD. bathed29. A. DoubtsB.IdeasC. QuestionsD. Requests30. A. signalB. symbolC. symptomD. sign31. A. EachB. SomeC. OneD. That32. A. surelyB. barelyC. mostlyD. instantly33. A. beginningB. intentionC. endingD. absence34. A. set offB. worked outC. set downD. worked at35. A. LaterB. BetterC. HappierD.

47、 Harder【答案】2LC22. A 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D 31.C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B【解析】【导语】本文为记叙文。作者跟女儿来到山顶，看到满山的鲜花，作者被眼前的景色惊呆了。得知这是一 位女士多年努力的结果，作者感受颇深：如果我有一个梦想，并为之努力，每天努力一点，我会取得什么 样的成就呢？。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她坚持要我来看山顶上的东西。A.asked问；B.commanded命令的；C. insisted 坚持；D. predicted 预测的。根据上文的“I ha

48、d no desire to drive up the winding mountain road to ”和空格 前的but可知，肯定是女儿的坚持才让作者跟女儿去山顶。再由下文的come可知，come前面省略了 should, 所以空格处应该用command或insist,根据作者和女儿的身份关系以及句意，此处不能用command。故选C 项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以我来到这里，不情愿地在浓雾中进行两小时的旅行。A. unwillingly不情愿； B. undoubtedly毫无疑问；C. unknowingly不知不觉地;D. unexpectedly出乎意料地。根据下文的“Nothing could be worth this, I thought as I 3 along the dangerous highway.v可知，作者是不情愿来这儿的。故选 A 项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在危险的高速公路上缓慢前行时，我想，没有什么