03 代词和介词(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国).docx

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1、备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练（全国通用）03代词和介词【知识框架】代词I.代词可以分为以下八大类1人称代 词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them形容词性物主 代词my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性物主代 词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs2反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,

2、 themselves3指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some4疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever5关系代词/连接代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as6不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a littleother/ another, all/ both, neither/ either7相互代词each other

3、,one anotherII.不定代词用法注意点类另IJ区另例句one, some, any 和 itone可以泛指人或者事（东 西），其复数为onesWeve been looking at the houses but haven5t foundwe likeyet.A.oneB.onesC.itD.themCars do cause us some health problems - in fact far more seriousthan mobile phones do.A.oneB.onesC.itD. thosesome可用于疑问句中，表示 盼望得到肯定的答复，或者 表示建议，请

4、求等一Your coffee smells great! Its from Mexico. Would you like9A.itB.someC.thisD. littlesome和any修饰可数名词单 数时，some表示某个，any 表示任何一个(Di have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.一Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?一way as you please.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.E汕e

5、rone指同类中的一个,it指代 同一种类的东西。此外it还 可以作形式主语、形式宾语 和用于强调句型中。一There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ?一No, Id rather buy in the bookstore.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;itperson who hurt you may never think of apologizing/1 says Dr. Luskin. *They may have wanted to hurt you

6、or they just dont see things in 37. same way. So if you wait for people to say sorry, you could be waiting a very long time.”Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean 38. (accept) the action of the person who upsets you. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness aro

7、und you. Finally, try to see things from the other persons perspective. You may realize that he 39. she was acting out of ignorance. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to 40. (you) from that persons point of view.【答案】31. beneficial32. has shown33. less34. to feel35. . that36. apolog

8、y37. the38. accepting39. or40. yourself【解析】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在生活中我们要学会原谅别人，宽恕别人。并且详细的分析 了为什么要原谅别人的原因和如何原谅别人的方式。31 .考查形容词。句意：但是宽恕是可能的而且它对你的身心健康有着惊人的好处。系动词后且由副 词surprisingly修饰用形容词。此处应使用benefit的形容词形式。故填beneficialo32 .考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，研究表明，原谅别人的人有更多的精力、更好的食欲和更好的 睡眠。此处陈述客观事实，且研究已经完成且强调对现在的影响，用show的现在完成时。S。

9、far是现在完 成时的时间状语，故填has showno33 .考查形容词比较级。句意：宽恕的人表现出更少的愤怒和更多的希望。根据句意此处含有比较的意味, 此处的愤怒是与没有宽恕之前做对比。little的比较级是less。故填less。34 .考查非谓语动词。句意：所以它可以帮助减轻免疫系统的疲劳，让人们感到更有活力。allow sb to do sth 为固定搭配，意为:允许某人做某事。故填t。feel。35 .考查定语从句。句意：做几次呼吸，想想能给你带来快乐的事情。此处that引导的定语从句做不定代 词something的定语。且从句缺少主语。故填that。36 .考查名词。句意：别等着

10、道歉。冠词修饰名词。空格前的“an”非常清楚的告诉我们此处应该为apologize 的名词形式。故填apology。37 .考查定冠词。句意：他们可能是想伤害你，或者只是看事情的方式不一样。in the same way为固定搭配。 意为：以同样的方式。故填the。38 .考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来要记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受让你不安的人的行为。该句的谓语 为mean,表示“意味着”用动名词形式作宾语。故填accepting。39 .考查连词。句意：你可能意识到他或她是出于无知。此处连续出现两个代词，应为并列的关系，又因 为“他”或他 根据句意知此处为选择的意思。故填。鹿40 .考查反身代

11、词。句意：为了获得观点，你可能想从那个人的角度给自己写一封信。自己以别人的角度 当然是给“自己”写信。句中主语和宾语是同一个人，宾语用反身代词。故填yourself。5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。November 11, known as Singles Day”, has grown into Chinas and possibly the worlds 41. (busy) online shopping day. Singles Day 42. (create) by Chinese college students in the 1990s as 43.

12、 version of Valentines Day for people without romantic partners. On that day, unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to chase that special someone 44. (end) their single status. That gift-giving helped to turn 45. into a major shopping event as sellers saw a marketing

13、 opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is Chinas 46. (respond) to Cyber Monday in the US, the day after Thanksgiving weekend, 47. online shopping for Christmas begins.Last year, 48. (businessman) on Taobao and T took in about $3 billion on Singles Day. This figure exceeded the total of $1.2

14、5 billion that U.S. online business earned on Cyber Monday, 49, (make) Singles Day the biggest e-commerce sales day on record. China has the biggest population of online users in the world, 50. about 538 million people online. Now, it follows the U.S. and Japan in online spending and is forecasted t

15、o rise to first place as early as this year.【答案】41 . busiest42 . was created43 . a44 . to end45 . it46 . response47 . when48 . businessmen49 . making50 . with【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍“光棍节”及有关事宜。11月11日，被称为“光棍节”，已经成为中国 乃至世界上最繁忙的网购日。41. 考查最高级。句意：11月11日，被称为“光棍节”，已经成为中国乃至世界上最繁忙的网购日。此处是 形容词最高级，故答案为busiest。42. 考查一

16、般过去时态的被动语态。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人 的人设立的情人节。此处Singles Day和create之间是一种被动关系，且句子指过去的事情，所以用一般过 去时态的被动语态，答案为was createdo43. 考查不定冠词。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人的人设立的情人 节。此处用不定冠词a,结合句意可知答案为a。44. 考查动词不定式。句意：在那一天，为了结束他们的单身状态，单身的年轻人会请对方吃晚饭或送礼 物来追求那个特别的人。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为t。end。45. 考查it的用法。句意：由于商家看到

17、了一个营销机会，并在光棍节推出了促销活动，这种送礼行为帮 助光棍节变成了一场大型购物活动。此处it指Singles Day,故答案为it。46. 考查名词。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(CyberMonday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感恩节周末后 的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处Chinas是名词所有格，后面用名词形式，故答案为response。 47.考查定语从句。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(CyberMonday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感恩节周 末后的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处weekend是先行词，指时间，在后面的定语从句中 作时间状语，故答案

18、为when。48. 考查名词复数。句意：去年，淘宝和天猫的商家在光棍节的收入约为30亿美元。此处用名词复数，故 答案为 businessmeno49. 考查现在分词。句意：这一数字超过了美国网络星期一的12.5亿美元收入，使光棍节成为有记录以来 最大的电子商务销售日。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故答案为making。50. 考查介词。句意：中国拥有世界上最多的网民，大约有5.38亿网民。此处with“具有，和在一起”,故答案为with。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Different countries have wildly different

19、forms of greeting.In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake51, (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 52, the cheeks. Th

20、is is also common in France, 53. the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 54. universal rule.During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate,55 .(leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is f

21、or friends56, (hug) each other - something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 57. (frighten) because I dont really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 58, (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well.Wouldnt it be 59. (enjoy) to have

22、 a greeting code that is 60. (wide) acceptable? Im not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding.【答案】51. is considered52. on53. where54. a55. leaving56. to hug57. frightened58. strangers59. enjoyable60. widely【解析】本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历和例子讲述了不同的国家有非常不同的问候

23、方式。 51.考查时态语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词consider是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。表示 客观事实，与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。52 .考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊，在脸上用介词on。故填on。53 .考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是France,在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where 引导，故填where。54 .考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式，此处表示一种普遍的规律，universal开头是辅音因素，故 填a。55 .考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动

24、关系，用现在分词 作结果状语，故填leaving。56 .考查动词不定式。句中What is common here是主语从句，此处强调具体的动作用不定式作表语。故填 to hugo57 .考查形容词。句意:拥抱总是让我很害怕，因为我不喜欢拥抱。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填frightened。 58.考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式，故填strangers。59 .考查形容词。句意：有一个被广泛接受的问候代码不是很令人愉快吗?此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词 作表语，故填enjoyableo60 .考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词，指广泛接受的

25、，故填widely。7阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class61, March 1st on movable type. This is62, ancient Chinese printing system.The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang Province has introduced the course in the new term. An expert in Chinese charact

26、ers culture has been invited to the campus, 63. major responsibility is to teach students how64, (use) the ancient printing technology. Students attend lectures on the history of mova type along with65. (interest) classes on typesetting and printing. They then print their own document, 66e (apply) t

27、he knowledge theyve learned. One student printed her 67. (new) written essay Whether the traditional red envelopes kids receive belong to them or their parents?68. (know) as one of the four great inventions of ancient China, movable type printing69. (invent) by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song

28、Dynasty, and it is the worlds first system of movable type printing.The school said the course is aimed at improving the students awareness of Chinese characters and their70, (appreciate) of Chinese culture.【答案】61. on62. an63. whose64. to use65. . interesting66. applying67. newly68. Known69. was inv

29、ented70. appreciation【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。为了提高学生对汉字的认识和对中国文化的欣赏，浙江省的一所小学开设了 一门有关中国印刷文化的课程，并邀请了一位专家来教学生如何使用古老的印刷技术。学生在课上也印刷 了属于自己的文件，将所学用于实践。61 .考查介词。表示具体某一天要用介词on,故填on。62 .考查冠词。句意：这是一个古老的中国印刷系统。system为可数名词，在文中为单数形式，所以要填 一个冠词修饰systemo根据句意这里是泛指“一个系统”，所以用不定冠词修饰。ancient为元音开头，故填an。63 .考查定语从句。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词An

30、 expert in Chinese characters culture指人， 空格处在从句中作定语，故用whose引导这个定语从句，故填whose。64 .考查不定式。句意：一位中国汉字文化专家被邀请到校园，其主要职责是教学生如何使用古老的印刷 技术。分析可知，how加空格处作teach的宾语，所以用“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，故填t。use。65 .考查形容词。空格处修饰名词classes要用形容词，表示“有趣的，故填interesting。66 .考查现在分词。print为句子的谓语动词，所以apply用非谓语形式，apply与其逻辑主语they之间是逻 辑上的主动关系，要用其现

31、在分词形式，故填applying。67 .考查副词。空格处修饰形容词written,应该用所给词的副词形式，故填newly。68 .考查过去分词。invent为谓语动词，所以know用非谓语形式，know与其逻辑主语movable type printing 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用其过去分词作伴随状语，故填Known。69 .考查语态和时态。invent是句子的谓语，和主语movable type printing是被动关系，根据时间状语in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty可知，动作发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时。movable type print

32、ing为单数, 谓语动词也要用单数。故填was invented。70 .考查名词。their后要接名词，故填appreciation。8阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is very fortunate, as Xinjiang is 71 . (well) suited for growing grapes than anywhere else. Here, a grape seed can grow to its full potential. 72 its

33、 high altitudes(海拔)，long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang produces fruits with extremely high sugar content. Every fall, a large number of grapes are shipped from Xinjiang to other parts of China, 73. the rest are made into raisins for easy storage.In the vineyards of Moyu, tha

34、nks to the hot and dry climate that results from being surrounded by the desert, huge quantities of large and 74. (juice) grapes with very thin skins are produced. These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious 75. (sweet) to the locals.In mid-September, 76 their Seedless White grapes ripen, l

35、ocal farmers are busy picking grapes77. (transport) to other parts of the country. Bunches of glowing white grapes 78. (hang) on the vines, waiting to be picked. If you pick one and put79. in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste produced by the 80. (burn) sun and the desert w

36、ind of southern Xinjiang.【答案】 71. better 72. with 73. and/while 74. juicy 75. sweetness 76. when 77. to be transported 78. hang 79. it 80. burning【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新疆的特产葡萄。71 .考查副词比较级。句意：因为新疆比其他地方更适合种植葡萄。“than”表明此处用副词比较级形式，故 填 better o72 .考查介词。句意：由于新疆的海拔高，气候干燥，日照充足，新疆出产的水果含糖量极高。此处用with+ 名词表示“由于”，故填wit

37、h。73 .考查连词。句意：每年秋天，都有大量的葡萄从新疆运往其他地区，(而)其余的则做成葡萄干，这样 便于存放。根据句意可知此处表示顺承或对比关系，故填and/while。74 .考查形容词。句意：大量皮薄、大而多汁的葡萄被生产出来。修饰名词gr叩es用形容词，故填juicy。 75.考查名词。句意：这些葡萄给当地人带来了财富和甘甜。作动词bring的宾语用名词，故填sweetness。76 .考查时间状语从句。句意：九月中旬，当无籽白葡萄成熟时，当地农民正忙着采摘将被运往全国各地 的葡萄。根据句意可知此处表示“当的时候，故填when。77 .考查不定式。句意同上，grapes与transp

38、ort之间是被动关系，而且动作发生在将来，所以用不定式的被 动式作定语，故填to be transportedo78 .考查时态。句意：葡萄藤上挂着一串串晶莹剔透的白葡萄，等待采摘。此处的hang为不及物动词，不 用被动语态，陈述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，故填hang。79 .考查代词。句意：如果你摘一粒放进嘴里，你一定不会忘记在新疆的烈日下和来自沙漠的风中生产出 来的葡萄的甘甜。此处指代“一粒葡萄”，故填让。80 .考查形容词。句意同上，修饰名词sun用形容词，burning表示“火辣辣的，故填burning。9阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Durin

39、g the American Civil War, a young man 81 . (name) Roswell McIntyre was drafted into the army. The war was not going well.The army needed 82. (soldier) so much that he was sent into battle without being trained. Roswell became frightened and ran. Later he 83 . (sentence) to be shot for desertion. Ros

40、welfs mother appealed to President Lincoln, 84 . (beg) that he was young and inexperienced, and that he needed 85. second chance.Lincoln thought and prayed. Then he wrote an 86 (admiration) statement. have noticed, he said, that it never does a boy much good to shoot him. He wrote this letter in his

41、 own handwriting: Roswell McIntyre 87 .(be) to be readmitted into the army. When he serves out his required enlistment(月艮兵彳殳期)，he will be freed of any charges of desertion.That letter, signed by President Lincoln, is 88. display in the Library of Congress. Beside it there is a note, 89 . reads, “Thi

42、s letter was taken from the body of Roswell McIntyre, who died respectably at the Battle of Five Forks in Virginia. Now you might be 90. (vast) surprised at the power of forgiveness.【答案】81 . named82 . soldiers83 . was sentenced84 . begging85 . a86 . admirable87 . is88 . on89 . which90 . vastly【解析】本文

43、是一篇记叙文。讲述了在美国内战期间林肯总统宽恕逃兵的故事。81 .考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国内战期间，一个叫罗斯威尔麦金泰尔的年轻人被征召入伍。Name sb. (as) sth.“将某人命名为”,man与name之间为被动关系，即用过去分词作定语,named的过去分词形式为named0 故填named o82 .考查名词。句意：军队急需士兵，以致于他没有经过训练就被派上战场。根据语境可知，军队需要许 多的士兵，所以要使用可数名词的复数形式。故填soldiers。83 .考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：后来，他因逃亡被判处枪决。这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，又 sentence是“判决”的意思

44、，与he之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was sentenced。84 .考查非谓语动词。句意：罗斯韦尔的母亲乞求林肯总统，他的儿子年轻，没有经验，需要第二次机会。 句子中已经有谓语叩pealed,故此处用非谓语动词作状语，Roswell s mother与beg之间构成主动关系，故 用现在分词形式。故填begging。85 .考查不定冠词的用法。a+序数词为固定搭配，意为“另外几个。故填a。86 .考查形容词。句意：然后他写了一句令人钦佩的话。修饰名词为形容词。admiration的名词形式为 admirable意为“令人钦佩的“故填admirable87 .考查一般现在时及

45、主谓一致。句意：Roswell McIntyre将被重新投入军队。由下文可知此处用一般现在 时，主语是第三人称单数，故用is。故填is。88 .考查介词。句意：那封由林肯总统签署的信在国会图书馆展出。on display意为“在展出中”为固定短语。故填on。89 .考查非限制性定语从句。句意：旁边还有一张纸条，上面写着：”: 分析句子结构可知，空处引导 非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词anote,且在从句中作主语，故只能用which引导该定语从句。故填whicho 90.考查副词。句意：现在你可能会对宽恕的力量大为吃惊。修饰形容词surprised应为副词，vast的副词 形式为vastly,意为

46、“非常”。故填vastly。10My name is Li Kang. I live91. Shijiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. It is my first day at senior High school and Tm writing down mw 92. (thought) about it.My new school is very good and the teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly. The classrooms are 93. (amaze). Every room h

47、as a computer 94. a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. The teachers write in the computer, and their words appear on the screen behind them. The screens also show photographs, text and information from websites. Theyre brilliant.The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman 95. (called) Ms

48、 Shen. Were using a new textbook and Ms Shens method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school. She 96. (think) that reading comprehension is important, but we speak a lot in class, too.Ms Shen wants to help us improve our spelling and handwriting. We do this in a fun way, with 97. (spell)games and other activities. I like her attitude very much, and the