北京市平谷区高二英语下学期期末试题（含解析）.docx

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1、北京市平谷区2020-2021学年高二英语下学期期末试题（含解析）注 意 事 项1 .本试卷共12页，包括三部分，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。2 .在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。3 .试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4 .在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5 .考试结束，请将答题卡交回。第一部分 知识运用（共两节，共30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。Autism hasn，t slowed down La

2、ndon Dimm. Although he didnt speak until age 6, he was able to by writing spelling words at age 4.Dimm loved his PE class, which helped him prepare for the Special Olympics Capital Area Athletics Meet. He has competed for the last four years and has 2 nine gold medals, one silver and one bronze.Dimm

3、 has competed in the 100-meter walk, softball distance throw, long jump and the 50-meter walk run once. His favorite 3 is the softball throw. He，s increased his softball throw distance every year.Dimm, a junior, is well-liked at school and is a friend to many. Hes known for his excellent 4. He never

4、 forgets a birthday, and he 5 dates ofevents that happened years ago.“Landon Dimm is a great kid and always smiling, “ his PE coach said. “Hes very friendly. He loves PE class and loves 6 in the Special Olympics. ” Dimm，s mother, Stacy Crescionne, said. She was proud of her son，s 7, notto mention hi

5、s growth. Landon loves his classmates and teachers, “ she said. He talks of them often. He likes helping others in class. Landon is loved by everyone who meets him. He is friendly and very polite. ”“He has an unbelievable memory about 8. If you tell him your birthday,he can tell you 9 what day of th

6、e week it 11 fall on in a matter of seconds. ” concession 13（身体有残疾、携带学生卡的学生和60岁以上的老人。减价票13英镑）可知, 全文介绍了 Kcw Gardens旅游景点的闭馆时间、票价等信息，介绍这样信息的文章平时会在 旅游网站上看到。故选C项。BHenry Cavill: Bring Superman to LifeHenry Cavill knew that he wanted to be a star at 16 years of age, after a chance meeting with movie star R

7、ussell Crowe who inspired his passion for acting. But for the British-born actor, the bright lights and attraction of Hollywood were a longway away. Supported by his secretary mother and stockbroker father, he decided tostudy drama during high school. His journey to super star began.Before gaining t

8、he international recognition he has now, Cavill tried out for roles in the Harry Potter and Twilight series but failed to get either. He wouldhave to keep waiting for his big chance.Determined as ever, Cavill took any acting jobs he could get his hands on and appeared in several low-budget horror mo

9、vies and TV shows in hopes of getting noticed. It almost worked. In the early 2000s, at just 22 years old, he narrowly missed out on becoming the new James Bond. Finally, in 2007, his hard work paid off. He won a leading role as the first Duke of Suffolk in the period show The Tudors. The TV show wa

10、s very popular and helped to raise CavilT s popularity in America.In 2011, Cavil landed his breakout role, playing Superman in the DC Extended Universe. He hasn，t looked back and has since starred in many hit films, such as Mission: Impossible- Fallout.More recently, he stepped back on to the small

11、screen. Since 2019, he has starred in the popular series The Witcher, adapted from the book series and video games of the same name. In the TV show, Cavill played a brave monster hunter named Geraltof Rivia, which was the perfect role for Cavill because he was a fan of the video games. Cavill also g

12、ot a chance to play a classic English character 一 master detective Sherlock Holmes 一 in 2020s Enola Holmes.However, Cavill isn，t just a good guy on screen. His charity work also makes him a real-life hero. In 2014, he took part in the Ice Bucket Challenge while wearing his full Superman suit to supp

13、ort the ALS Association. Currently, he is an ambassador for the UK，s Royal Marines Charity, which supports war veterans （退伍军人）.Why does he do it? He love to make people feel good and bring smiles to people，faces. Indeed, Henry Cavill in living proof that you don，t always need to wear a cape （斗篷）to a

14、ct like a hero.25. Why did Cavil act in low-budget film and TV works early in his career?A. He was too polite to refuse.B. He was hoping to get noticed.C. He was encouraged to do so by his parents.D. He was friends with the directors of the projects.26. The role of the monster hunter was the perfect

15、 for Cavill because . A. he had experienced hunting monstersB. he had played the same role in a movieC. he knew the writer of the books personallyD. he enjoyed the video games that the show was rooted in27. Which of the following words can best describe Cavill?A. Modest and friendly.B. Determined an

16、d kind.C. Talented and faithful.D. Honest and considerate.28. What made Cavill a real-life hero?A. Being a successful actor.B. Playing Superman on screen.C. Devoting to charities.D. Wearing a cape to take part in activities.【答案】25. B 26. D 27. B 28. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了亨利卡维尔在他当秘书的母亲和做股票经纪人 的父亲的支

17、持下，在高中时就开始学习戏剧，开始了成为超级明星的旅程，同时他的慈善工 作也让他成为了现实生活中的英雄。25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的首句 Determined as ever, Cavill took any acting jobs he could get his hands on and appeared in several low-budget horror movies and TV shows in hopes of getting noticed.（卡维尔一如既往地坚定，他接受了所有他能得到的表演工 作，并出演了几部低成本的恐怖电影和电视剧，希望得到关注）”可知，卡维尔在

18、他职业生 涯的早期，在低成本电影和电视作品中扮演角色是希望得到关注。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“In the TV show, Cavill played a brave monster hunter named Geralt of Rivia, which was the perfect role for Cavill because he was a fan of the video games.（在电视剧中，卡维尔扮演了一个勇敢的怪物猎人名叫杰洛特里维亚，这对卡 维尔来说是一个完美的角色，因为他是一个电子游戏的粉丝）”可知，怪兽角色对于卡维尔 来说是一个完美的角色是因为

19、他是一个电子游戏的粉丝。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段 uDetermined as ever, Cavill took any acting jobs” 及第六 段“His charity work also makes him a real-life hero.（他的慈善工作也让他成为了现 实生活中的英雄）”可知，卡维尔是一个既有决心又充满爱心的人。故选B。28题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段 “Cavill isnt just a good guy on screen. His charity work also makes him a real-life hero.（他的慈

20、善工作也让他成为了现实生活中的英雄）”可知, 卡维尔的的慈善工作让他成为了现实生活中的英雄。故选C。CSpeaking with people on the phone is pretty rare these days. Most people use e-mail or messaging apps when they need to communicate with someone. Sometimes, though, making a call is unavoidable. This simple act can actually be a nightmare for some p

21、eople. Their hearts race and their hands sweat at the very thought. If this sounds familiar to you, you might be one of the millions of people who suffer from telephobia一the fear of speaking over the phone.Telephobia is a form of social anxiety, although people who feel perfectlycomfortable in socia

22、l situations may also experience telephobia. When speakingface-to-face, we give off lots of facial or bodily cues that help each other follow the conversation. This is not the case over the phone. And the idea of speaking into this void （真空）makes people terrified that they will freeze up, stumble ov

23、er their words（失言）,or lose control of the conversation and look foolish In fact, telephobia is very similar to the fear people feel before putting on a performance in front of a big audience. However, there are things that one suffering from thin condition can do to reduce this fear and make phone c

24、alls at least somewhat bearable.One thing that those with telephobia can do before a call in smile. It may sound silly, but smiling before doing something stressful can help you feel more relaxed. It won，t delete the anxiety altogether, but it will take the edge off it.Similarly, imagining how the c

25、all will go before you make it can also help things go more smoothly. Running through a positive conversation in your head will make you feel less nervous and may help you predict any possible problems. Theres no need to spend hours on this, just a few minutes thinking up a general idea of what you

26、want to say. You can even write down some brief notes to remind yourself of your talking points. This is particularly useful for dealing with the fear of not being able to express yourself naturally.And finally, when faced with receiving a call, you don，t always have to pick up. There，s nothing wron

27、g with calling the person back later when you feel more comfortable.So the next time your phone starts ringing, remember一speaking on the phone doesn，t have to make you sweat. The important thing is to be aware of your fear and take steps to deal with it.29. According to the article, which situation

28、can cause a feeling similar lo telephobia?A Speaking face-to-face to a good friend.B. Performing in front of a large audience.C. Running in a race without proper shoes.D. Using a messaging app while on the subway.30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to deal with telephobia?A Imaginin

29、g how the call will go before you make it.B. Standing on the edge of a tall building while making a call.C. Calling someone back later instead of answering their phone calls right away.D. Writing down some brief notes to remind yourself of your talking points. 31. What is the main purpose of the pas

30、sage?A. To present ways to ease telephobia.B. To explain the development of telephobiaC. To introduce the influence of telephobia.D. To give the reason why someone suffers from telephobia.【答案】29. B 30. B 31. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种社交场合中人们可能会遇到的心理问题 telephobia,并提出几条具体克服这种焦虑的有效方法。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “

31、In fact, telephobia is very similar to the fear people feel before putting on a performance in front of a big audience.（事实上，telephobia 与人们在很多观众面前表演前内心的恐惧类似）”可知，即将在观众面前进行表演，人们通 常会感到紧张恐惧，这与telephobia类似。故选B项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段 “Similarly, imagining how the call will go before you make it can also help

32、things go more smoothly.（同样地，打电脑之前想象一下电话内容如 何进行也能帮助谈话进展得更顺利），“You can even write down some brief notes to remind yourself of your talking points.（你甚至可以用笔记下一些简短的笔记，提醒 自 己谈话的要点）” 和 “Theres nothing wrong with calling the person back later when you feel more comfortable.（当你感到心情平复时，再给来电话的人回拨是没有问题的）” 可知，文

33、章提出的应对telephobia的策略不包括“Standing on the edge of a tall building while making a call.（站在一个高楼的边缘打电话）。故选B项。【31题详解】文章目的题。根据文章倒数第二段“There的 nothing wrong with calling the person back later when you feel more comfortable.（当你感到心情平复时，再给来电话的人回拨是 没有问题的）和最后段 “The important thing is to be aware of your fear and t

34、ake steps to deal with it.（最重要的事情是意识到你的恐惧，并且采取措施解决它）”可知，这篇 文章主要为人们克服telephobia提供几条具体的策略。故选A项。DYou might not expect it, but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Cows produce lots of methane by breaking down the grass, Now scientists have shown that the poll

35、ution from cows can be reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago. But this work was done in a laboratory, there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life.In the lab studies

36、, the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed, and they would cause losing weight. That wasn，t helpful, since cows are often sold by weight. It also wasn，t clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.Now, scientists from the University of California, Davis have

37、answered several of these questions.The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off. This time, they used a much smaller amount of sea

38、weed, which they mixed with the cows food.The results were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given, but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane.Over the five months, the scientists didn，t s

39、ee any signs that the cows stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again.Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows. The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows, but they didn，t need as much food.But there a

40、re still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there，s not adequateseaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in fields, where they eat t

41、he grass. That means theres no chance to feed them seaweed every day. These problems need to be taken seriously if the world is going to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.Still, its true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the cl

42、imate crisis.32. Why did the scientists do the experiment on the farm?A. To control the amount of seaweed.B. To record the weight cowsgained.C. To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life. D. To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.33. The underlined word “adequate” means .A. commonB. specialC.

43、lackingD. enough34. The passage is written to .A. appeal to people not to raise the cows B. encourage people to plant the seaweedC. remind people of controlling cows， weight D. call on people to take actions to reduce the pollution【答案】32. C 33. D 34. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。奶牛是导致气候变化的温室气体的主要来源，然而科学家已经证 明，只

44、要在牛的食物中添加一点海藻，就可以减少来自牛的污染。文章介绍了研究开展的过 程、研究发现以及这一方法仍然存在的问题。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“It also wasn，t clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.（但是这项工作是在实验室里完成,关于 这个想法是否在现实生活中可行还有很多问题）”以及第五段“The researchers studied21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught t

45、he cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off. This time, they used a much smaller amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows， food.（研究人员对一个农场的21头牛进行了大约5个月的研 究。他们教奶牛从一个特殊的罩内获取食物，这样科学家就可以测量奶牛释放的甲烷。这一 次，他们

46、使用了少量的海藻，并将其与牛的食物混合在一起）”可知，科学家们在农场做实 验是为了证实海藻在现实生活中的作用。故选C。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文 “So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed. ”可知，因为没有足够的海藻养活世界上所有的牛，所以农民们必须想办法种 植大量的海藻。故划线词意思是“足够的”。A. common普通的；B. special特别的；C. lacking缺乏的；D. enough足够的。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Still, its true th

47、at something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.（尽管如 此，像给牛喂海藻这样简单的事情确实可以帮助减少一些导致气候危机的污染）”结合文章 说明了奶牛是导致气候变化的温室气体的主要来源，然而科学家已经证明，只要在牛的食物 中添加一点海藻，就可以减少来自牛的污染。文章介绍了研究开展的过程、研究发现以及这 一方法仍然存在的问题。可推知，文章的目的是呼吁人们采取行动减少污染。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据

48、短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。Maintaining and Building MuscleStaying healthy is very important, but eating well and getting active is only part of the story. Often, we forget how important it is to concentrate on building and maintaining our muscles.35 It can also help you improve your i

49、mmune system, speed up your bodyshealing process, and let you sleep better. And as you age, the muscles youve developed will help you with your balance, bone strength, posture, and even moreconfident. 36 After all, you don，t have to look like Arnold Schwarzenegger to feel good about being a bit stronger!