JoshuaPrinceRamus_2006[雷默斯谈][西雅图的图书馆].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Im going to present three projects in rapid fire.我将快速地展示三件作品00:17I dont have much time to do it.我时间不多00:19And I want to reinforce three ideas with that rapid-firepresentation.并且我想通过快速的展示来强化这三件作品的概念00:21The first is what I like to call a hyper-rational process.第一件作品我将它的设计称之为高度理性主义00:24It

2、s a process that takes rationality almost to an absurd level,and it transcends all the baggage that normally comes withwhat people would call,sort of,a rational conclusion tosomething.它几乎 已经理性到了荒唐的境界 它已经超过了 人们通常可以接受的 理性的程度00:27And it concludes in something that you see here,that youactually wouldnt

3、expect as being the result of rationality.它包含了一些你看得见 但却想不到是理性主义的一些元素00:38The second-unclear oh-the second is that this processdoes not have a signature.第二件 这第二件作品 并没有署名00:45There is no authorship.Architects are obsessed withauthorship.我们不知作者是谁，而通常建筑师很乐于署名00:53This is something that has editing and i

4、t has teams.通常以团队形式00:56In fact,we no longer see,within this process,the traditionalmaster architect creating a sketch that his minions carry out.事实上我们在这件作品中看不到 传统建筑大师的创造 而只是他的助手画出的草图00:58reinforce:vt.加强,加固;强化;补充/vi.求援;得到增援;给予更多的支持/n.加强;加固物;加固材料 rapid-fire:adj.速射的;急速的rationality:n.合理性;合理的行动 transcen

5、ds:vt.胜过,超越 authorship:n.(书等的)原创作者,来源;作者的身份;著述业minions:n.奴才;宠臣(minion的复数)carry out:vt.执行,实行;贯彻;实现;完成And the third is that it challenges-and this is,in the lengthof this,very hard to support why,connect all these things-but it challenges the high modernist notion of flexibility.第三个，有点难度 以它的长度，很难把所有这些

6、连接在一起 但它挑战了最现代意义上的灵活性01:06High modernists said,we will create,sort of,singular spacesthat are generic.现代主义认为，我们创造 一种共有的单一空间01:16Almost anything can happen within them.几乎所有的事都能在那里发生01:20I call it sort of shotgun flexibility.我把它称为射击的灵活性01:22Turn your head this way,shoot,and youre bound to killsomethin

7、g.把你的头转向这边，射击，你一定会打中目标01:24So,this is the promise of high modernism:within a singlespace,actually,any kind of activity can happen.这就是现代主义的预示 在单一空间里，所有的事都可能发生01:27But as were seeing,operational costs are starting to dwarfcapital costs in terms of design parameters.但正如我们看见的 对于设计而言 运转费用超过了资本成本01:32And

8、so,with this sort of idea,what happens is,whateveractually is in the building on opening day,or whatever seemsto be the most immediate need,starts to dwarf thepossibility and sort of subsume it,of anything else couldever happen.一旦有了这种想法 所有正在建造中的 或者所有看似最急迫的需求 都会阻止想法的落实 以及最后设计成果的诞生01:40modernist:n.现代主

9、义者;现代主义艺术家/adj.现代主义的 flexibility:n.灵活性;弹性;适应性 modernists:n.现代主义者;现代主义艺术家/adj.现代主义的 singular:adj.单数的；单一的；非凡的；异常的/n.单数 generic:adj.类的;一般的;属的;非商标的 shotgun:n.霰弹猎枪/adj.猎枪的;被迫的/vt.用猎枪射击;强迫/vi.用猎枪射击 bound to:一定会;束缚于 modernism:n.现代主义;现代思想;现代作风 dwarf:vi.变矮小/n.侏儒,矮子/vt.使矮小/adj.矮小的 in terms of:依据;按照;在方面;以措词 su

10、bsume:vt.把归入;把包括在内And so were proposing a different kind of flexibility,something that we call compartmentalized flexibility.所以我们提出一种不一样的灵活性 我们称之为“分类的灵活性”01:52And the idea is that you,within that continuum,identify aseries of points,and you design specifically to them.大致的概念就像 你连续地确认一系列点，并对它们进行设计01:5

11、9They can be pushed off-center a little bit,but in the end youactually still get as much of that original spectrum as youoriginally had hoped.它们会有点偏离中心 但最后你还是会得到 和你最初想要的类似的效果02:04TED演讲者：Joshua Prince-Ramus|雷默斯谈演讲标题：Designing the Seattle Central Library|西雅图的图书馆内容概要：Joshua Prince-Ramus is best known a

12、s architect of the Seattle Central Library,alreadybeing hailed as a masterpiece of contemporary culture.Prince-Ramus was the founding partnerof OMA New Yorkthe American affiliate of the Office for Metropolitan Architecture(OMA)inthe Netherlandsand served as its Principal until he renamed the firm RE

13、X in 2006.建筑师约书亚?普林斯?雷默斯带观众体验眼花缭乱的视觉之旅，它展示了近期的三件作品:西雅图中央图书馆、路易斯维尔（肯塔基州）的博物馆广场、以及达拉斯的查尔斯?威利剧院With high modernist flexibility,that doesnt really work.而现代主义的灵活性，这点却不能成立02:12Now Im going to talk about-Im going to build up theSeattle Central Library in this way before your eyes in aboutfive or six diagra

14、ms,and I truly mean this is the designprocess that youll see.现在我来谈一下，我打算建造西雅图中央图书馆你们可以看到五六个图表 这就是你们将看到的设计过程02:15With the library staff and the library board,we settled on twocore positions.我们同图书馆委员会及工作人员一起 确定了两个核心设置02:24This is the first one,and this is showing,over the last 900years,the evolution o

15、f the book and other technologies.这是第一个，它显示了，在过去900年里，书和其他技术的进化过程02:29proposing:v.提议(propose的现在分词);求婚 compartmentalized:v.区划,区分(compartmentalize的过去分词形式);把分成各自独立的几部分 continuum:n.数连续统;经连续统一体;闭联集 off-center:adj.偏离中央的;不平衡的/adv.歪斜不正地,不平衡地 in the end:终于,最后 spectrum:n.光谱；频谱；范围；余象 build up:增进,加强This diagram

16、 was our sort of position piece about the book,and our position was,books are technology-thatssomething people forget-but its a form of technology thatwill have to share its dominance with any other form of trulypotent technology or media.这图代表了我们对书的定位 书本就是技术 许多人忘了这点 但是我们需要借助其他技术或媒介 才能分享书的影响力02:36The

17、 second premise-and this was something that was verydifficult for us to convince the librarians of at first-is thatlibraries since the inception of Carnegie Library tradition inAmerica had a second responsibility,and that was for socialroles.第二个预设，这个很难，我们花了很大力气去说服图书管理员 它们自从 美国卡耐基图书馆的传统开始 就承担了一种第二性的社

18、会责任02:50OK,now,this Ill come back to later,but something,actually,the librarians at first said,No,this isnt our mandate.好了，现在，我们稍候再说这个，但是 那些图书管理员一开始会说：“不，这不是我们要管的”03:02Our mandate is media,and particularly the book.我们管的是媒介，尤其是书03:07So what youre seeing now is actually the design of thebuilding.所以你现在

19、看到的其实是建筑的设计03:12The upper diagram is what we had seen in a whole host ofcontemporary libraries that used high modernist flexibility.上面的图表 是我们在整个当代图书馆里看到的 它们运用到了现代主义的灵活性03:14dominance:n.优势;统治;支配 potent:adj.有效的;强有力的,有权势的;有说服力的 premise:vt.引出,预先提出;作为的前提/n.前提;上述各项;房屋连地基/vi.作出前提 inception:n.起初;获得学位/n.盗梦空间

20、(电影名)mandate:n.授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作/vt.授权;托管 contemporary:n.同时代的人；同时期的东西/adj.当代的；同时代的；属于同一时期的Sort of,any activity could happen anywhere.就是那种，任何事在任何地方都可能发生的03:22We dont know the future of the library,we dont know thefuture of the book,and so well use this approach.我们不知道图书馆的未来，也不知道书的未来 所以我们用这个方法03:26

21、And what we saw were buildings that were very generic.我们看到的建筑千人一面03:30And,worse,not only did we see buildings that were verygeneric-so,not only does the reading room look like thecopy room look like the magazine area-but it meant thatwhatever issue was更糟的是并不只是看上去非常相似 不只是阅览室和文印室 或者和杂志区长得差不多 更重要的是它意味着

22、03:32troubling the library at that moment was starting to engulfevery other activity that was happening in it.所有图书馆里发生的事 都会相互干扰相互影响03:42And in this case,what was getting engulfed were these socialresponsibilities by the expansion of the book.在这种情况下 书的社会责任之延伸将得不到发挥03:47And so we proposed whats at the

23、 lower diagram.所以我们提出了下面的这个图03:52Very dumb approach:simply compartmentalize.Put thosethings whose evolution we could predict-and I dont meanthat we could say whatever would actually happen in thefuture,but we have some certainty of the spectrum ofwhatever would happen in the future-put those in boxe

24、sdesigned specifically for it,and put the things that we cantpredict on the rooftops.很土的办法 简化分类，将这些我们可以预料的事我并不是说我们可以预测未来发生什么 但是我们很确信有这种 未来发生的可能性 把这些东西放在一个专门设计的盒子里 而把那些无法预测的放在屋顶03:55troubling:n.浊度;浑浊度 engulf:vt.吞没;吞食,狼吞虎咽 every other:所有其他的;每隔一个的 engulfed:vt.吞没;吞食,狼吞虎咽 responsibilities:n.责任;职责(respons

25、ibility的复数)proposed:adj.被提议的;所推荐的/v.提议;计划(propose的过去式和过去分词)compartmentalize:vt.划分,区分 rooftops:n.屋顶/adj.屋顶上的So that was the core idea.这就是核心思想04:12Now,we had to convince the library that social roles wasequally important to media in order to get them to acceptthis.现在，为了让图书管理员认识到这一点 我们必须说服他们 社会责任和媒介的作用

26、一样重要04:14What youre seeing here is actually their program on the left.你现在看到的左边的是他们的程序04:21Thats as it was given to us in all of its clarity and glory.和我们拿到它时一样的色彩鲜艳04:24Our first operation was to re-digest it back to them,show itto them and say,You know what?We havent touched it,but only one-third o

27、f your own program is dedicated tomedia and books.我们的第一步是重新组合它们 回去跟他们说“你们知道吗，我们一点都没动过 但你们的程序只有1/3是和媒介及书有关的04:28Two-thirds of it is already dedicated-thats the white bandbelow-the thing you said isnt important:is alreadydedicated to social functions.而剩下的三分之二，就是下面的白色部分 你们说它不重要的 已经起到了社会功能04:38So,once w

28、e had presented that back to them,they agreedthat this sort of core concept could work.所以，一旦我们把这个重新给他们看 他们同意这种核心概念能有效04:45We got the right to go back to first principles-thats thethird diagram.We recombined everything.我们可以回到最重要的 第三个图表，我们把一切重新组合04:50And then we started making new decisions.然后我们开始做新的决

29、定04:55clarity:n.清楚，明晰；透明/Two-thirds:n.三分之二/三分之二的/三分之二地 recombined:adj.调配的;调制的/v.调配;重新结合(recombine的过去分词)What youre seeing on the right is the design of the library,specifically in terms of square footage.你们看到的右边是对图书馆的设计 尤其是面积空间上04:57www.XiYuS锡育软件On the left of that diagram,here,youll see a series of

30、fiveplatforms-sort of combs;collective programs.左边，这里 你会看见 一系列的五个平台 梳理整合好的程序05:01And on the right are the more indeterminate spaces,thingslike reading rooms,whose evolution in 20,30,40 years wecant predict.而右边不确定的空间 比如阅览室 我们无法判断它未来20，30，40年的发展05:09So that literally was the design of the building.所以这

31、就是初步的设计05:15They signed it,and to their chagrin,we came back a weeklater,and we presented them this.他们签字同意了，但让他们懊恼的是 一个星期以后，我们回来，向他们展示了这个05:17OK?And,as you can see,it is literally the diagram on theright.你可以看到，这和那个图表面上看很契合05:23OK?We just sized-no,really,I mean that,literally.我们只是 噢，我说真的，表面上看05:25The

32、 things on the-on the left-hand side of the diagram,those are the boxes.左边这些 就像图上的，是盒子05:29We sized them into five compartments.我们把他们放进了五个部分05:33footage:n.英尺长度;连续镜头;以尺计算长度 indeterminate:adj.不确定的;模糊的;含混的 chagrin:n.懊恼;委屈;气愤/vt.使懊恼 as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的 sized:adj.有大小的/v.相比(size的过去分词);按大小分类 left-

33、hand:adj.左手的;左侧的 compartments:电隔室Theyre super-efficient.We had a very low budget to workwith.超级高效，我们预算很低05:35We pushed them around on the site to make very literalcontextual relationships.我们就这样建造 非常清楚的上下关系05:37The reading room should be able to see the water.从阅览室里可以看到下面的水05:41The main entrance shoul

34、d have a public plaza in front of it toabide by the zoning code,and so forth.主入口前有一个广场 遵守区域编号，排列05:43So,you see the five platforms-those are the boxes-withineach one a very discrete thing is happening.你可以看到五个平台 五个盒子，每个专供一项特殊的用途05:49The area in between is sort of an urban continuum,thesethings that w

35、e cant predict their evolution to the samedegree.而中间是现代化的联结 这些我们无法预料未来发展进度的05:54To give you some sense of the power of this idea,the biggestblock is what we call the book spiral.为了向你们展现这种想法的强大力量 最大的这一块我们称之为书螺旋06:00Its literally built in a very inexpensive way-it is a parkinggarage for books.很简单，造价也不

36、贵 它就像一个”停书场“06:06literal:adj.文字的;逐字的;无夸张的 contextual:adj.上下文的;前后关系的 plaza:n.广场;市场,购物中心 abide by:遵守;信守;承担的后果 zoning:n.(美)分区制;都市的区域划分 discrete:adj.离散的，不连续的/n.分立元件；独立部件 spiral:n.螺旋;旋涡;螺旋形之物/adj.螺旋形的/vt.使成螺旋形/vi.盘旋;螺旋形上升 inexpensive:adj.便宜的It just so happens to be in the sixth through 10th floor of theb

37、uilding,but that is not necessarily an expensive approach.从6楼到10楼 但并不贵06:11And it allows us to organize the entire Dewey decimal systemon one continuous run:no matter how it grows or contractswithin the building,it will always have its clarity to end thesort of trail of tears that weve all experienc

38、ed in publiclibraries.它使得我们可以连续地使用杜威十进制图书排列法无论书的数量怎样扩张 还是可以整理得很清楚 我们以前都曾对公共图书馆很无语 经常找不到书06:18(Laughter)And so this was the final operation,which was to(笑声)而最后一步就是把这些楼层 整合在一起 设计一个漂亮的外观06:32(Laughter)And so this was the final operation,which was totake these blocks as they were all pushed off kilter,a

39、nd tohold onto them with a skin.计一个漂亮的外观06:32That skin serves double duty,again for economics.这个外观必须有两层作用06:40One,it is the lateral stability for the entire building:it is astructural element.But its dimensions were designed notonly for structure,but also for holding on every piece ofglass.第一，维持整个建筑

40、横向的稳定 这是结构层面的，但它的作用不仅在于此 它还必须保证所有玻璃的安装06:43The glass was then-Ill just use the word impregnated-but it had a layer of metal that was called stressed metal.使得玻璃融合一体 但它有所谓的一层受力金属06:52decimal:adj.小数的;十进位的/n.小数 kilter:n.平衡;顺利;良好状态 hold onto:紧紧抓住,抓住不放;保持住 lateral:adj.侧面的,横向的/n.侧部;语边音/vt.横向传球 structural:a

41、dj.结构的;建筑的 dimensions:n.规模,大小 impregnated:adj.浸渍的;浸染的/v.浸渍(impregnate的过去分词)That metal acts as a micro louver,so from the exterior of thebuilding the sun sees it as totally opaque,but from theinterior its entirely transparent.就像微型天窗 隔离外部的阳光 却能保持室内光线通透06:58So,now Im going to take you on a tour of the

42、building.现在，我将带你们领略一下这个建筑07:06Lets see if I can find it.For anyone who is-gets motionsickness,I apologize.我来找找看 抱歉07:10So this is the building.这就是那幢建筑07:15And I think whats important is,when we first unveiled thebuilding,the public thought-saw it as being totally aboutour whim and ego.我认为重要的是，当我们首次展

43、示这个建筑 公众普遍认为 这只是我们一时的野心和兴致07:19And it was defended,believe it or not,by the librarians.Theysaid,Look,we dont know what it is,but we know itseverything that we need it to be based on the observationsthat weve done about the program.但信不信由你们，这个建筑得到了图书管理员们的拥护 他们说：”我们不知这是啥，但根据我们观察 它有了我们需要的一切“07:27This is

44、 going into one of the entries.这是个入口07:40micro:adj.极小的;基本的;微小的/n.微型计算机;微处理器 louver:n.百叶窗;天窗;散热孔 opaque:adj.不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的/n.不透明物/vt.使不透明；使不反光 unveiled:adj.裸露的;公布于众的/v.公开(unveile的过去分词);原形毕露whim:n.奇想;一时的兴致;怪念头;幻想 ego:n.自我;自负;自我意识 defended:法辩护 observations:n.观察,观察值;观察结果;(观察后发表的)言论(observation的复数形式)entri

45、es:n.进入;(词典所列的)词目(entry的复数形式)So its an unusual building for a public library,obviously.这是个很特别的公共图书馆 很显然07:42So now were going into what we call the reading room-sorry,living room.我们去看一下阅览室，错了，是大厅07:49This is actually a program that we invented with the library.这其实是我们发明的一个空间07:52It was recognizing th

46、at public libraries are the last vestige ofpublic free space.将图书馆作为 一个公众的自由空间07:55There are plenty of shopping malls that allow you to get outof the rain in downtown Seattle,but there are not so manyfree places that allows you to get out of the rain.在西雅图市中心 有许多购物广场，你避雨的时候可以去 但却没有多少 自由空间让你避雨08:00So t

47、his was an unprogrammed area where people could,pretty much do anything,including eat,yell,play chess andso forth.而这就是一个人们可以做很多事的空间 包括吃，叫喊，下棋等等08:09Now were moving up into what we call the mixing chamber.现在我们往上 这是一个混合区08:15That was the main sort of technology area in the building.也是整座建筑的主体08:19Youll

48、 have to tell me if Im going too fast for you.如果我走得太快，你们可以提出08:22recognizing:v.认识;承认;察觉(recognize的ing形式)/n.认识;承认/adj.认识的;识别的 vestige:n.遗迹;残余;退化的器官malls:abbr.多角度激光散射仪(Multi-angleLaserLightScattering)rain in:涌进/纷纷而至 mixing:n.混合;电子混频/v.混合(mix的ing形式)chamber:n.(身体或器官内的)室,膛;房间;会所/adj.室内的;私人的,秘密的/vt.把关在室内;

49、装填(弹药等)Now up.现在上来08:29This is actually the place that we put into the building so Icould propose to my wife.Right there.这个其实是我们特地设计的 好让我向我妻子求婚，就是这里08:35(Laughter)She said yes.(笑声)她答应了08:40Im running out of time,so Im actually going to stop.我快没时间了，所以就此打住08:48I can show this to you later.我可以晚些再向你们展示0

50、8:50But lets see if I can very quickly get into the book spiral,because I think its,as I said,the most-this is the mainreading room-the most unique part of the building.但我们试试看能不能快点看一下书螺旋 因为我觉得它是最 这是主阅览室，书螺旋是整座建筑最独特的地方08:52You dizzy yet?你们晕了吗？09:01OK,so here,this is the book spiral.好，这就是书螺旋09:04So,it