河南省2022-2023学年高三上学期阶段性考试(四)英语试题.docx

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1、河南省2022-2023学年高三上学期阶段性考试（四）英语试题学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、阅读理解When it comes to Albert Einstein (1879-1955), its easy to imagine an old, crazy-haired genius. But before he ever came up with the theory of relativity, Einstein was a 23-year-old patent clerk, working for the minimum wage. Young Einstein decided to e

2、arn some extra cash tutoring physics. He put up an ad, and Maurice Solovine, a student of philosophy, responded. The two did not do much traditional studying, but instead chatted about philosophy. Conrad Habicht, a mathematician and a friend of Einstein, joined their debates. They jokingly called th

3、emselves the Olympia Academy.Weve gathered together some books the members of the Olympia Academy read and discussed. Maybe the literature that inspired Einstein can inspire you to be clever, too.A Treatise of Human Nature by David HumeDavid Hume, a 18th-century Scottish philosopher, was always susp

4、icious. He believed everything we know is really just a matter of probability”. He argued reason doesnt motivate people”, which led to all sorts of questions, such as So whats motivating you to write this?“The chief benefit, which results from philosophy, arises in an indirect manner, and more from

5、its secret insensible influence, than from its immediate application,Hume wrote.Analysis of Sensations by Ernst MachAn Austrian philosopher Ernst Mach wrote about how mysterious senses are. In an attempt to figure out how humans experience balance, Mach cleverly built a turning chairs , which used s

6、hades of gray bands to show that the colors people saw were deeply affected by the colors around them.Science and Hypothesis by Henri PoincareHenri Poincare, a 19th-century French philosopher, was also a theoretical physicist, an engineer and a mathematician. At college, he was fantastic at math. He

7、 created his special theory and wrote Science and Hypothesis. Some of his thoughts actually sowed the seeds for Einsteins theory of relativity, such as the idea that time is relative.增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(A)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

8、Do you like sports? Driving by the benefits of sports, I begin to do sports because sports are significant for me to become healthy physically and mental. First of all, sports do strengthen my body and promoted my study and life. Secondly, not only can sports help rid me out of negative emotions, bu

9、t also can make me energy. Whats more, I can also make friend through sports. Tve made a practical plan and Im sticking to it. Considered I am busy studying, I always get up early to take exercise. What the saying goes, “No pains, no gains. I am trying to become active sports lover. I believe with m

10、ore effort, I will find a better version of me.六、申请信52.假定你是李华，外教Jerry计划组织一批志愿者一同前往附近城镇幼儿园开展主题 为“Learning to Speak English at a Young Age”的公益教学活动。请你给他写一封邮件，内 容包括：1 .申请当志愿者；2 .你的个人优势；3 .你的教学计划。注意：1 .词数100左右；2 .开头和结尾已为你写好。1. What did the members of the Olympia Academy have in common?A. They lived on hi

11、gh wages.B , They tended to laugh at each other.C. They loved reading and studying.D. They were 18th-century mathematicians.2. Which of the following does David Hume agree with?A. Reason motivates people.B , Every human sense is mysterious.C. People should see everything with doubt.D. The chief bene

12、fit of philosophy arises directly.3. Who probably inspired Einsteins theory of relativity?A. Conrad Habicht. B. David Hume. C. Ernst Mach. D. Henri Poincare.Growing up in rural Jiangsu Province, Yu Jigao showed a strong interest in fine arts at an early age and studied on his own for years. His hard

13、 work paid off later. In the early 1950s, he made his way to Nanjing Normal University, where he learned painting theories and techniques from some famous artists. It was then that Yu found his lifelong artistic zeal for gongbi. Gongbi paintings usually describe birds and flowers, symbols of beauty

14、and joy, in an artistic way with intense color.After graduation from the art school in 1957, Yu began his professional career at the Chinese Painting Institute of Jiangsu. He has since published a series of art collections. Since 1959, Yu has contributed a series of works to many important sites. Yu

15、s works have also been displayed in a range of national and international exhibitions. From 1986 to 1997, he held his exhibitions in such places as Beijing, Guangzhou and New York. Both the themes and artistic techniques have won widespread praise in the past years.While observing traditional rules,

16、 he uses accurate lines, powerful brush movements as well as the interplay between dark and light to represent the harmony of nature. Though he adopts a realistic style, he tries to enrich his works with spiritual beauty through his brush. Yu says, “That feeling turns into the images of singing bird

17、s and elegant flowers in my paintings.” Thanks to his careful observation of nature and artistic sensitivity, Yu is able to combine realistic description with artistic expression in his brushwork.Now as deputy director of the Academy of Chinese Gongbi Painting of Flowers andBirds and a national top-

18、level artist, Yu maintains a simple and easy-going style. In addition to artistic creation, Yu has devoted himself to promoting his painting style as the cultural heritage of China. Art is part of my life J Yu says. I am proud to be a flower-bird painter. I hope to create a bright future for it thro

19、ugh my efforts.”4. What does the underlined word zeal” in paragraph 1 mean?A. Request.B. Passion.C. Justice.D. Fund.5. . What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Yu?A. His school life.B. His painting techniques.C. His achievements in painting.D. His contributions to the art school.6. Which is Yus

20、painting feature?A. Adopting abstract objects.B , Excluding plants and animals.C. Combining traditional rules with a realistic style.D. Representing the imbalance between nature and humans.7. What does Yu expect of his painting style?A. It will be passed on.B , It will change over time.C. It will lo

21、ok more complicated.D. It will reach the top international level.Adults are often embarrassed about asking fbr aid. Its an act that can make people feel weak. The moment you ask for directions, you reveal that you are lost. Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. New

22、 research suggests that as early as seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others for the same reason.To learn more about how children think about reputation, researchers prepared simple stories and then asked children questions about the scenes to allo

23、w kids to present their thinking. They asked 576 children, aged four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. They told children that both kids did poorly on a test. They then ask

24、ed which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class or to ask the teacher for help. The four-year-old children were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who w

25、anted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. When assistance could be sought privately, children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.The research shows that children may avoid seeking help when others are present. Their unwillingness can seriously stop academ

26、ic progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks and ask questions. These efforts can be difficult when someone is concerned with their appearance to others.Such barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. First, adults should lower the social risks of seek

27、ing help. For instance, teachers can give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. Parents can point out how a childs question starts a valuable conversation in which the entire family get to talk and learn together. Adults can praise kids for seeking assistance. These responses sen

28、d a strong signal that other people accept and attach importance to willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success.8 . Why do children fear to ask others for help?A. They always suffer rejection.B , They are afraid of losing face.C. They make others feel embarrassed.D.

29、 They lack communicative competence.9. How did the researchers get their result?A. By doing comparative analysis.B , By referring to previous data.C. By seeking help from teachers.D. By grouping adults and kids.10. What does the research show about children?A. They care less about their appearance t

30、han before.B , They prefer helping others to being helped.C. They are more willing to seek help in public.D. They tend to ask for assistance in private.11. What can people do to remove childrens reputation-based barriers?A. Expose children to social risks.B Value childrens efforts to get help.C. Poi

31、nt out childrens errors in the conversation.D. Create opportunities for children to seek help openly.From airplanes to apartments, most spaces are now designed with sound-absorbing materials that help decrease various sounds of everyday life. But most of the sound-absorbing materials that can cancel

32、 out human voices, traffic noise and music are made from plastic foams （泡沫）that arent easily recycled or degraded. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering have created a biodegradable film （薄膜）obtained from seaweed, which effectively absorbs sounds in this range.Control

33、ling and optimizing the way sound moves throughout a room is key to creating functional spaces. Foam sound-absorbing panels are a common solution, and they come in a variety of materials and thicknesses tailored to specific sound requirements. Most of these foams, however, are made from a type of pl

34、astic material and other chemical substances that are obtained from natural-oil or petrol. To avoid petrochemicals, researchers have explored more renewable sources and biodegradable sound-absorbing alternatives. But many current options are made from plant fibers that dont effectively decrease nois

35、es in the most useful range of sound frequencies, or they are too thick or difficult to produce. So, Chindams team wanted to develop a biodegradable material from a plant, which would be simple to produce and could absorb a range of sounds.The team created films of agar （琼月旨），a material that comes f

36、rom seaweed, along with other additives developed from plants and varied the thickness of the films. After running the materials through a battery of tests, the researchers measured how well the films reduced sound across a range of frequencies. To do this, the team created a sound tube in which a s

37、peaker is placed at one end, and the test film is fitted over the other end. Microphones in the middle of the tube measured the amount of sound sent by the speaker and the amount of sound reflected off the film. These experiments showed that the films with many small holes made with the highest conc

38、entrations of agar had the greatest sound-absorbing qualities and performed similarly to traditional sound-absorbing foams. The researchers plan to explore ways to change the agar films to give them other desirable properties, such as flame resistance, and will explore other biologically obtained fi

39、lm materials.12. What is the disadvantage of plastic foams?A. They take up too much space.B , They cannot absorb sounds effectively.C. They have difficulty achieving sustainable use.D. They cannot meet specific sound requirements.13. Which kind of sound-absorbing material would Chindams team develop

40、?A. One made from plant fibers.B. One produced toughly and tiredly.C. One developed from petrochemicals.D. One obtained easily and effectively.14. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. The purpose of film research.B. A series of tests on the new material.C. A tool of measuring the film thicknes

41、s.D. The difficulty of searching the new material.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. A Tube for Measuring the Amount of Underwater SoundsB Plastic Foams: the Worst Choice of Absorbing SoundsC. Seaweed: a Better Sound-absorbing Underwater PlantD. An Eco-friendly Sound-absorbing Material f

42、rom Seaweed二、七选五Teaching kids how to take control of income and expenses is the key to financial success. Here are a few tips for helping teens understand the importance of money management.Family goal settingSetting financial goals as a family can be a great way to solve a current money problem and

43、 involve the whole family in cutting back on spending. 16 They can also belarge such as saving for a family vacation. The idea is to get children and parents to work together toward a common financial goal.17Letting teens pay for goods or services will help them develop healthy financial habits.Bala

44、ncing the family chequebook and understanding the household income and expenses will prepare teens for the future by learning important money management tools.Teen credit cardsIf teens have credit cards, they should be responsible for paying the bills on their own.18、but parents should set ground ru

45、les about acceptable purchases and a monthlylimit. There should be a clear understanding that the cards will be taken away if the rules are broken.Teen jobsWhen teens have jobs, its important to discuss how that money will be spent.He went to Purdue University on a U.S. Navy scholarship and then ser

46、ved for three years as a fighter pilot. He 27 to Purdue University to finish his degree and was28 by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) n 1955. A year later, Armstrong married Janet Shearon and they 29 their son in 1957. He started his space 30 at the NACA Lewis Research Center,

47、but made his 31 as adaring test pilot at another research center.Armstrong flew the famed X-15, an experimentally challenging rocket-powered plane that 32 the lives of several brave National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) test pilots. The X-15 33 a top speed and could climb right to the

48、edge of34 . But to fully break the 35 of Earths atmosphere and survive, hewould have to become an astronaut. The long-awaited 36 to join NASAsastronaut training program came in 1962. Armstrong 37 himself into his new jobat NASA headquarters in Houston, Texas.Armstrongs hard work 38. In 1966, he was chosen as the command pilotfor the Gemini 8 mission. The mission required someone with Armstrongs steady hand and39 heart. He finally finished the first-ever docking(对接)of two vehicles in orbit40 much difficulty, which laid the groundwork for his future missions to themoon.21. A. re