AshtonApplewhite_2017[艾什顿·阿普洛怀特][让我们一起终结年龄歧视].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Whats one thing that every person in this room is going tobecome?在座的每个人都会变成什么样？00:12Older.变老。00:16And most of us are scared stiff at the prospect.而且大多数人一想到变老就吓坏了。00:18How does that word make you feel?这个词会让你产生怎样的感觉呢？00:20I used to feel the same way.我过去也有这样的感受。00:23What was I most worried

2、 about?我曾经最担心的是什么呢？00:25Ending up drooling in some grim institutional hallway.最终在养老院 阴冷的走廊上流着口水。00:27And then I learned that only four percent of older Americansare living in nursing homes,and the percentage is dropping.之后我了解到 只有 4%的美国老年人,居住在养老院。而且这个百分比正在下降。00:31What else was I worried about?我还曾担心过什

3、么呢？00:37Dementia.失智症。00:40Turns out that most of us can think just fine to the end.其实大多数人在去世前 都保持着正常的思考能力。00:41Dementia rates are dropping,too.失智症的比例也在下降。00:44The real epidemic is anxiety over memory loss.真正的流行病是我们对失忆的焦虑。00:46(Laughter)I also figured that old people were depressedbecause they were o

4、ld and they were going to die soon.（笑声）同时,我发现老人们是抑郁沮丧的。因为他们老了,而且很快就会去世了。00:49drooling:v.流口水(drool的ing形式)grim:adj.冷酷的;糟糕的;残忍的 institutional:adj.制度的;制度上的/学会的;由来已久的;习以为常的/公共机构的;慈善机构的 hallway:n.走廊;门厅;玄关 Dementia:n.内科痴呆 depressed:adj.沮丧的；萧条的；压低的/v.使沮丧；使萧条(depress的过去式和过去分词形式)；压低(Laughter)It turns out that

5、 the longer people live,the lessthey fear dying,and that people are happiest at thebeginnings and the end of their lives.（笑声）其实人活的越长,越无惧死亡。而且人们在生命最初 和最末的阶段是最开心的。00:57Its called the U-curve of happiness,and its been borne outby dozens of studies around the world.这被称作 U 型幸福曲线。这个结论是由全世界许多研究产生的。01:06You

6、 dont have to be a Buddhist or a billionaire.你不需要是佛教徒或者亿万富翁。01:11The curve is a function of the way aging itself affects thebrain.这个曲线说明了 年龄自身对大脑的影响作用。01:14So I started feeling a lot better about getting older,and Istarted obsessing about why so few people know thesethings.所以我开始对变老感觉好多了。然而我开始困扰为什么很少

7、人明白这些道理。01:18The reason is ageism:discrimination and stereotyping onthe basis of age.原因是:年龄主义。针对年龄的歧视和刻板印象。01:27We experience it anytime someone assumes were too old forsomething,instead of finding out who we are and what werecapable of,or too young.每时每刻都有人认为 我们太老了、不适合做某件事。而不是了解清楚01:32happiest:adj.幸

8、福的;快乐的 beginnings:n.开始,开端(beginning的复数);早期 borne:v.忍受;负荷;结果实;生子女(bear的过去分词)Buddhist:n.佛教徒/adj.佛教的 billionaire:n.亿万富翁 obsessing:困扰 ageism:n.对老年人的歧视discrimination:n.歧视；区别，辨别；识别力 stereotyping:n.刻板印象;浇版/v.把浇铸成铅版;使成为陈规(stereotype的现在分词)on the basis of:根据;基于 capable of:有能力的;可的Ageism cuts both ways.我们是怎样的人,

9、我们的能力如何。01:41All-isms are socially constructed ideas-racism,sexism,homophobia-and that means we make them up,and theycan change over time.或者是太年轻了,不适合做某事。年龄主义对两方面都有影响。所有主义都是 社会建构的观念01:44All these prejudices pit us against each other to maintain thestatus quo,like auto workers in the US competing agai

10、nstauto workers in Mexico instead of organizing for betterwages.种族主义、性别歧视主义、同性恋恐惧症。这意味着我们创造了这些观念,而且它们能随时间改变。所有这些偏见使我们针锋相对,01:53(Applause)We know its not OK to allocate resources by race只为维持现状。就像美国的汽车工人 和墨西哥的TED演讲者：Ashton Applewhite|艾什顿阿普洛怀特演讲标题：Lets end ageism|让我们一起终结年龄歧视内容概要：Its not the passage of

11、time that makes it so hard to get older.Its ageism,a prejudicethat pits us against our future selves-and each other.Ashton Applewhite urges us todismantle the dread and mobilize against the last socially acceptable prejudice.Aging is not aproblem to be fixed or a disease to be cured,she says.It is a

12、 natural,powerful,lifelongprocess that unites us all.不是时光流逝使衰老变得如此艰难，是年龄歧视。年龄歧视让我们和未来的自己、他人针锋相对。艾什顿阿普洛怀特呼吁人们战胜恐惧，行动起来，反对最后一种社会习以为常的偏见。她说：衰老不是一个需要解决的问题，也不是一种需要治疗的疾病。衰老是自然的、有力的、终身的进程，它将我们联结在一起。(Applause)We know its not OK to allocate resources by raceor by sex.汽车工人互相竞争,02:05Why should it be OK to weig

13、h the needs of the youngagainst the old?而不是联合起来,争取更高的薪酬。02:12All prejudice relies on othering-seeing a group of peopleas other than ourselves:other race,other religion,othernationality.（鼓掌）我们知道不能 根据种族或性别分配资源,那为什么要将年轻人 和年长者的需求对立看待呢？02:16The strange thing about ageism:that other is us.所有的偏见都来自于他者 将一群人

14、视为他者,02:25Ageism feeds on denial-our reluctance to acknowledgethat we are going to become that older person.跟我们自身区别。他们来自其它的种族、宗教信仰、国籍。02:30constructed:vt.构造,建造;创立,构筑;搭建(construct的过去分词)racism:n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见 sexism:n.(针对女性的)性别歧视;男性至上主义 homophobia:n.对同性恋的恐惧;对同性恋的憎恶 prejudices:成见/偏见/歧视(prejudice的复数)co

15、mpeting:adj.相互矛盾的;抵触的/v.竞赛(compete的ing形式)wages:n.劳经工资;报酬(wage的复数形式)/v.开展(运动等)(wage的第三人称单数形式)allocate:vt.分配;拨出;使坐落于/vi.分配;指定 relies:信任 feeds:n.畜牧饲料;一餐(feed的复数)/v.提供(feed的第三人称单数形式);饲养 reluctance:n.电磁磁阻;勉强;不情愿Its denial when we try to pass for younger or when webelieve in anti-aging products,or when we

16、 feel like ourbodies are betraying us,simply because they are changing.关于年龄主义,有件很奇怪的事情是:我们终将成为他者。年龄主义建立在否认之上 我们不愿意承认 我们终有一天也将成为老人。02:36Why on earth do we stop celebrating the ability to adapt andgrow as we move through life?我们假装自己还年轻,我们相信抗衰老产品,02:48Why should aging well mean struggling to look and m

17、ovelike younger versions of ourselves?我们感觉身体背叛了自己,其实只是因为身体衰老了。02:54Its embarrassing to be called out as older until we quitbeing embarrassed about it,and its not healthy to gothrough life dreading our futures.我们究竟为什么不再赞美自己 在进入生命新阶段时 适应和成长的能力呢？为什么变老意味着 努力保持年轻时的容貌,02:59The sooner we get off this hamst

18、er wheel of age denial,thebetter off we are.像年轻时一样行动？被别人称作老年人是件 很尴尬的事情,03:07Stereotypes are always a mistake,of course,but especiallywhen it comes to age,because the longer we live,the moredifferent from one another we become.除非我们不再 因为衰老而感到难为情。而且对未来感到恐惧 也不是健康的生活方式。我们越早放下对衰老循环般的恐惧,我们的生活就会越好。03:13pass

19、 for:冒充,假扮;被认为 anti-aging:n.抗衰老 betraying:vt.背叛;出卖;泄露(秘密);露出迹象 embarrassing:adj.使人尴尬的;令人为难的 embarrassed:adj.尴尬的;窘迫的/v.使.困窘;使.局促不安(embarrass的过去分词形式)dreading:n.装载杂货选择权/v.害怕;恐惧;担忧(dread的ing形式)hamster:n.仓鼠;仓鼠毛皮 better off:adj.经济状况好的,富裕的;状况好的Stereotypes:vt.使用铅版;套用老套,使一成不变/n.陈腔滥调,老套;铅版 one another:彼此,互相Ri

20、ght?Think about it.当然,刻板印象常常是错误的03:20And yet,we tend to think of everyone in a retirement homeas the same age:old-关于年龄的刻板印象尤其错误。因为我们越年长,03:22(Laughter)when they can span four decades.就越来越不同于他人。对吗？想想看。03:26Can you imagine thinking that way about a group of peoplebetween the ages of 20 and 60?但我们还是倾向于

21、认为 养老院的所有人 都是一样的年纪:老年人。03:30When you get to a party,do you head for people your ownage?（笑声）03:36Have you ever grumbled about entitled millennials?尽管他们的年龄跨度有四十年。03:39Have you ever rejected a haircut or a relationship or anouting because its not age-appropriate?你能想像用这种方式来考虑 一组 20 岁到 60 岁之间的人吗？03:43For

22、 adults,theres no such thing.当你参加聚会的时候,是否会去寻找和你年纪相仿的人？03:49All these behaviors are ageist.你是否抱怨过千禧世代？03:51We all do them,and we cant challenge bias unless wereaware of it.你是否拒绝过一种发型、一段感情或者一次出游,因为年龄不合适？03:53Nobodys born ageist,but it starts at early childhood,aroundthe same time attitudes towards rac

23、e and gender start toform,because negative messages about late life bombard usfrom the media and popular culture at every turn.对于成年人来说,这些事情不会发生。这些都是歧视年龄的行为。我们都有这些歧视行为。我们无法挑战这种偏见,除非我们认识到它的存在。没有人是天生的年龄歧视者,03:58head for:前往;出发;取向于 grumbled:vi.抱怨;嘟囔/n.怨言/vt.喃喃地说出/adj.抱怨地表示;嘟囔地说 entitled:adj.有资格的;给与名称的/v.

24、给权利;给定书名;授以荣誉(entitle的过去分词)millennials:n.千禧世代；千禧之子；千禧一代(millennial的复数)outing:n.远足;短途旅游;体育比赛/adj.远足适用的/v.出来;暴露(out的ing形式)ageist:年龄歧视者aware:adj.意识到的；知道的；有方面知识的；懂世故的/attitudes:n.态度,看法(attitude复数)gender:n.性;性别;性交/vt.生(过去式gendered,过去分词gendered,现在分词gendering,第三人称单数genders,形容词genderless)bombard:vt.轰炸;炮击/n.

25、射石炮Right?Wrinkles are ugly.但年龄歧视在童年早期就已发生,04:11Old people are pathetic.在种族、性别意识产生的同时。04:13Its sad to be old.因为关于老年的信息 对我们进行狂轰滥炸,04:15Look at Hollywood.每时每刻来自 媒体和流行文化的轰炸。04:16www.XiYuS锡育软件A survey of recent Best Picture nominations found that only12 percent of speaking or named characters were age 60

26、 andup,and many of them were portrayed as impaired.对吗？皱纹是丑的。老年人是可怜的。衰老令人悲伤。看看好莱坞,04:18Older people can be the most ageist of all,because wevehad a lifetime to internalize these messages and weve neverthought to challenge them.关于最佳影片提名的一项调查显示,影片中仅有12%的主要角色 是 60 岁以上的老年人,04:28I had to acknowledge it an

27、d stop colluding.而且许多角色被描绘成 有缺陷的、受损害的。老年人自己可能是年龄歧视 最强有力的支持者。04:36Senior moment quips,for example:I stopped makingthem when it dawned on me that when I lost the car keys inhigh school,因为我们有一生的时间 来内化这些歧视的信息,而且从未想过要挑战它们。我不得不承认04:39I didnt call it a junior moment.而且退出这种集体歧视。04:46Wrinkles:n.皱纹;皱褶(wrinkle

28、的复数形式)/v.起皱(wrinkle的第三人称单数形式)pathetic:adj.可怜的，悲哀的；感伤的；乏味的 survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览/vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰/vi.测量土地 nominations:n.提名(nomination的复数)portrayed:vt.描绘;扮演 impaired:adj.受损的/v.损害(impair的过去式和过去分词)internalize:vt.使(习俗等经吸收同化而)内在化;使藏在心底 colluding:vi.勾结;串通;共谋 quips:n.妙语;嘲弄;讽刺语/vi.嘲弄;讥讽/vt.嘲弄 dawned:n.天亮了/v.破晓(daw

29、n的过去分词)(Laughter)I stopped blaming my sore knee on being 64.比如说:老糊涂。我不再使用这些讽刺性的词语,04:48My other knee doesnt hurt,and its just as old.因为我发现当我在高中 丢失了车钥匙的时候,我并没有将它称之为 青年人的糊涂。04:53(Laughter)（笑声）04:56(Applause)We are all worried about some aspect of gettingolder,whether running out of money,getting sick,

30、ending upalone,and those fears are legitimate and real.我不再将膝盖疼归咎于 64 岁高龄,我的另一个膝盖并不疼,但它也一样老。（笑声）（鼓掌）04:58But what never dawns on most of us is that the experience ofreaching old age can be better or worse depending on theculture in which it takes place.我们都会对变老的某些方面感到担忧,也许是经济上的困难,也许是疾病,孤老终生,而且这些恐惧都是 合

31、情合理的、真实存在的。05:10It is not having a vagina that makes life harder for women.但是我们大多数人没有发现的是,05:18Its sexism.衰老的经历05:21(Applause)Its not loving a man that makes life harder forgay guys.是幸福还是痛苦,取决于你所属的文化。05:23Its homophobia.并不是阴道让女性的生活更加艰难。05:27And it is not the passage of time that makes getting older

32、somuch harder than it has to be.是性别歧视。（鼓掌,喝彩）05:29It is ageism.并不是同性之爱 让男同志的生活更加困苦。05:34When labels are hard to read or theres no handrail or wecant open the damn jar,we blame ourselves,our failure toage successfully,instead of the ageism that makes thosenatural transitions shameful and the discrimi

33、nation thatmakes those barriers acceptable.是同性恋恐惧症。并不是时间的流逝 让衰老更加艰辛。是年龄歧视。当我们很难看清标签的时候,或者是没有栏杆的时候,或者是打不开可恶的罐头时,05:35legitimate:adj.合法的；正当的；合理的；正统的/vt.使合法；认为正当(等于legitimize)dawns:n.黎明;开端/vt.破晓;出现;被领悟 vagina:n.解剖阴道;叶鞘;鞘 labels:n.标签;分类(label的复数形式)/v.贴标签于;把称为(label的三单形式)handrail:n.扶手;(楼梯等的)栏杆 transition

34、s:n.过渡,转变(transition的复数形式);转场效果;转换滤镜 shameful:adj.可耻的;不体面的;不道德的;猥亵的 barriers:n.障碍;栅栏;篱笆墙(barrier的复数形式)You cant make money off satisfaction,but shame and fearcreate markets,and capitalism always needs new markets.我们谴责自己,我们把失败归咎于年龄,而不是归咎于年龄主义,它使人们羞愧于年龄的自然更替。05:52Who says wrinkles are ugly?也没有归咎于年龄歧视,它

35、让人们接受这些壁垒。06:00The multi-billion-dollar skin care industry.你无法从人们 对生活的满足感中赚钱,06:01Who says perimenopause and low T and mild cognitiveimpairment are medical conditions?但是羞愧和恐惧能够创造市场,而且资本主义总是需要新的市场。06:05The trillion-dollar pharmaceutical industry.谁说皱纹是丑陋的？06:10(Cheers)The more clearly we see these for

36、ces at work,theeasier it is to come up with alternative,more positive andmore accurate narratives.那些价值数十亿美元的 皮肤保养产業这样说。谁说近更年期、睪丸素偏低、轻度认知障碍 是医学上的疾病呢？那些上万亿的制药产業这样说。06:12Aging is not a problem to be fixed or a disease to be cured.（欢呼）06:22It is a natural,powerful,lifelong process that unites us all.我们越

37、清楚这些力量如何运作,06:26Changing the culture is a tall order,I know that,but cultureis fluid.就越容易找到替代方法,06:32multi-billion-dollar:几十亿美元 cognitive:adj.认知的，认识的 impairment:n.损伤,损害 pharmaceutical:adj.制药(学)的/n.药物 come up with:提出;想出;赶上 narratives:n.叙述,故事;叙述的手法(narrative复数)lifelong:adj.终身的unites:联合/合并 a tall order

38、:苛求;艰巨的任务;过高要求 fluid:adj.流动的;流畅的;不固定的/n.流体;液体Look at how much the position of women has changed in mylifetime or the incredible strides that the gay rightsmovement has made in just a few decades,right?找到更积极、准确的叙述方式。衰老不是一个需要解决的问题,也不是一种需要治疗的疾病。它是自然的、有力的、终身的进程,它将所有人联结在一起。06:36(Applause)Look at gender.我

39、知道改变文化是很困难的,但是文化是流动的。看看在我的一生中,女性的地位得到了多么大的提升。06:44We used to think of it as a binary,male or female,and nowwe understand its a spectrum.或者是同志平权运动 取得的惊人飞跃,仅仅发生在过去的几十年中,对吗？06:47It is high time to ditch the old-young binary,too.（鼓掌）06:52There is no line in the sand between old and young,afterwhich its

40、all downhill.看看性别议题。我们以前认为性别 是二元的,男性或女性,06:55And the longer we wait to challenge that idea,the moredamage it does to ourselves and our place in the world,likein the workforce,where age discrimination is rampant.我们现在了解到性别是连续的光谱。现在也是时候抛弃 老人与年轻人的二元对立了。老人与年轻人之间 没有明确的分界线,07:00In Silicon Valley,engineers

41、are getting Botoxed and hair-plugged before key interviews-and these are skilled whitemen in their 30s,so imagine the effects further down thefood chain.这样想一切都容易多了。我们越晚挑战这个观点,它对我们自身和我们 在世界的定位就伤害越大。比如在工作场所,在那里年龄歧视猖獗。07:10strides:n.大步;步幅(stride的复数形式)/v.跨过;迈步(stride的第三人称单数形式)binary:adj.数二进制的;二元的,二态的spe

42、ctrum:n.光谱；频谱；范围；余象 high time:应该立即做某事的时候 ditch:vt.在上掘沟；把开入沟里；丢弃/vi.开沟；掘沟/n.沟渠；壕沟 downhill:adv.下坡;向下;每况愈下/adj.下坡的;容易的/n.下坡;滑降 rampant:adj.猖獗的;蔓延的;狂暴的;奔放的(Laughter)The personal and economic consequences aredevastating.在硅谷,工程师 注射肉毒杆菌、做人工植发,来迎接重要的面试。07:20Not one stereotype about older workers holds up u

43、nderscrutiny.而且他们是技术高超的、三十多岁的白人男性,07:25Companies arent adaptable and creative because theiremployees are young;theyre adaptable and creative despiteit.所以可以想像 食物链下游所受的影响。（笑声）07:30Companies-个人的、经济上的后果 是非常沉重的。07:37(Laughter)现在许多关于老年工作者的 刻板印象需要仔细斟酌。07:38(Applause)We know that diverse companies arent jus

44、tbetter places to work;they work better.公司不会因为年轻员工 而具有适应能力和创造力。没有年轻员工,公司也能保有适应能力和创造力。公司07:39And just like race and sex,age is a criterion for diversity.（笑声）07:46A growing body of fascinating research shows that attitudestowards aging affect how our minds and bodies function atthe cellular level.（鼓掌）

45、多元化的公司不仅是 适合工作的地方,而且它们工作得更好。07:50When we talk to older people like this(Speaks more loudly)or call them sweetie or young lady-its calledelderspeak-they appear to instantly age,walking andtalking less competently.和种族、性别一样,年龄也是檢验多样性的标准。越来越多很有吸引力的研究显示,关于衰老的态度会在细胞层面上影响我们的 大脑和身体的运作。当我们这样与老年人沟通（音量提高）07:58

46、consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数)devastating:adj.毁灭性的；全然的/v.摧毁(devastate的ing形式)；毁坏 scrutiny:n.详细审查；监视；细看；选票复查 adaptable:adj.适合的;能适应的;可修改的 diverse:adj.不同的；多种多样的；变化多的 criterion:n.(批评判断的)标准；准则；规范；准据 diversity:n.多样性;差异 fascinating:adj.迷人的；吸引人的；使人神魂颠倒的/v.使着迷；使陶醉(fascinate的ing形式)cellular:adj.细胞的;多孔的

47、;由细胞组成的/n.移动电话;单元 competently:adv.胜任地;适合地People with more positive feelings towards aging walk faster,they do better on memory tests,they heal quicker,and theylive longer.或者称他们为亲爱的 或者年轻的女士 这种沟通方式被称作老人语 他们似乎会立即衰老,步伐不再矫健,谈吐不再自信。08:09Even with brains full of plaques and tangles,some peoplestayed sharp

48、to the end.那些对衰老持有积极态度的人,他们走得更快,08:17What did they have in common?他们在记忆测试上的表现更好,08:22A sense of purpose.他们康复得更快,而且他们活得更久。08:24And whats the biggest obstacle to having a sense of purposein late life?即使是在充满了 斑块和缠结的大脑里,08:26A culture that tells us that getting older means shufflingoffstage.有些人直到去世前头脑依然

49、敏锐。08:29Thats why the World Health Organization is developing aglobal anti-ageism initiative to extend not just life span buthealth span.他们有什么共同点呢？目标明确。在晚年生活中,什么会 严重阻碍人们保有目标呢？08:33Women experience the double whammy of ageism andsexism,so we experience aging differently.一种文化,认定衰老 即走下人生舞台。这是为什么世界卫生组织开

50、展 全球反对年龄歧视的倡议。08:41Theres a double standard at work here-shocker-不仅增加寿命,还能延续健康。08:48(Laughter)the notion that aging enhances men anddevalues women.女性经历着双重打击,来自年龄主义和性别歧视主义,08:50plaques:n.斑块;瓷片;奖章;饰板(plaque的复数)tangles:n.缠结;服饰;缝纫(tangle的复数)/v.使缠结;卷入(tangle的第三人称单数形式)shuffling:adj.支吾的,曳步的;慢慢移动/v.拖着脚走;搪塞(