NatalieJeremijenko_2009P[娜塔利.杰瑞米金科][转换生态思想的艺术].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件I was informed by this kind of unoriginal and trite idea thatnew technologies were an opportunity for socialtransformation,which is what drove me then,and still,its adelusion that drives me now.我知道有这样一个 既没有创造力也很老生常谈的想法，新的技术可以成为 社会变革的机会。而这恰恰促使我去做这些 不论是过去还是现在，就如同一个幻想，一直驱动着我。00:12I wanted

2、to update what Ive been doing since then-but itsstill the same theme song-and introduce you to my laband current work,which is the Environmental Health Clinicthat I run at NYU.从那以后，我一直想要在自己从事的东西上有所进展，但一直以来总是同一首主题歌，将我的研究室以及目前从事的工作介绍给大家，我在纽约大学建立的环境健康诊所00:25And what it is-its a twist on health.它标志着环境健康

3、的变革。00:38Because,really,what Im trying to do now is redefine whatcounts as health.因为，事实上，我目前一直致力于 重新定义什么是健康。00:40Its a clinic like a health clinic at any other university,exceptpeople come to the clinic with environmental healthconcerns,and they walk out with prescriptions它就像任何一所大学里的健康诊所，除了，来这里的都是 带

4、着与环境有关的健康问题的人们，而离开时带着00:44for things they can do to improve environmental health,asopposed to coming to a clinic with medical concerns andwalking out with prescriptions for pharmaceuticals.能够帮助改善环境健康的处方，而并非是为了一些医学上的问题来到诊所的，也不会带着药方离开。00:53unoriginal:adj.非原先的,非独创的;模仿的 trite:adj.陈腐的;平庸的;老一套的 delusion:n

5、.迷惑,欺骗;错觉;幻想 redefine:vt.重新定义 prescriptions:n.医药处方,医药方(prescription复数形式)opposed:adj.相反的;敌对的/v.反对(oppose的过去分词);使对立 pharmaceuticals:n.药物(pharmaceutical的复数)Its a handy-dandy quote from Hippocrates of theHippocratic oath that says,The greater part of the soul laysoutside the body,treatment of the inner

6、requires treatmentof the outer.有句关于希波克拉底誓言的引用：“灵魂的大部分都在身体的外面 要想要治愈内部，必须先要治愈外部。”01:02But that suggests the issue that Im trying to get at here,thatwe have an opportunity to redefine what is health.但这恰恰说明了这个问题，我一直试图得到的这个问题，我们有机会重新定义健康。01:10Because this idea that health is internal and atomized andindi

7、vidual and pharmaceutical is largely an error.因为健康是内在的 微小的，个人的，药物的，这样的想法是个很大的错误。01:17And I would use this study,a recent study by PhilipLandrigan,to motivate a different view of health,where hewent to most of the pediatricians in Manhattan and the NewYork area and logged what they spent their patien

8、t hours on.我想用一个最近 由菲利普兰德里根PhilipLandrigan主导的研究，来激发一种关于健康完全不一样的观点。在这个研究中，他探访了曼哈顿 以及纽约的大部分的儿科医生，记录了他们就诊时间的统计。01:2680 to 90 percent of their time was spent on five things.百分之80到90的就诊时间 主要是用在五种类型的疾病。01:40Number one was asthma,number two was developmentaldelays,number three was 400-fold increases in rar

9、echildhood cancers in the last eight to 10,15 years.第一个是哮喘，第二个是发育迟缓，第三个是以四百倍速递增长的 在过去的10到15年间罕见的发生在儿童阶段的癌症01:44handy-dandy:猜(哪手中握有物)游戏 quote:vt.报价;引述;举证/vi.报价;引用;引证/n.引用 oath:n.誓言,誓约;诅咒,咒骂atomized:adj.雾化的;原子化的/v.使分为原子;将喷成雾状(atomize的过去式和过去分词)pharmaceutical:adj.制药(学)的/n.药物 pediatricians:n.儿科医师;儿科儿科医生(

10、pediatrician的复数)logged:adj.笨拙的;锯成圆木的;停滞的;进水的/v.伐树;把树木锯成段木;记入航海日志;把输入计算机(log的过去分词)asthma:n.内科中医哮喘,气喘 developmental:adj.发展的;启发的Number four and five were childhood obesity and diabetes-related issues.第四和第五分别是儿童肥胖 以及糖尿病相关疾病。01:56So all of those-whats common about all of those?因此所有这些，他们的共同点是什么？02:02The e

11、nvironment is implicated,radically implicated,right.与环境相关联，而且是息息相关，对吗？02:05This is not the germs that medicos were trained to deal with;this is a different definition of health,health that has a greatadvantage because its external,its shared,we can dosomething about it,as opposed to internal,genetic

12、allypredetermined or individualized.它不是那些普遍意义上的 医生们过去常常对付的细菌；这是一个关于健康完全不同的定义，因为健康是外在的，它是相互影响的，所以它是有很大优势的，为此，我们可以做很多去改善它，并非是内在的，而是由遗传 或是个人来决定。02:08People who come to the clinic are called,not patients,but来到诊所的人们不被称作是病人 而是“没有耐心的人们”，因为他们没有耐心去等待立法上的改TED演讲者：Natalie Jeremijenko|娜塔利.杰瑞米金科演讲标题：Natalie Jerem

13、ijenko:The art of the eco-mindshift|转换生态思想的艺术内容概要：Natalie Jeremijenko blends art,engineering,environmentalism,biochemistry andmore to create real-life experiments that enable social change.Natalie Jeremijenko的不寻常的研究室将艺术用于实践，处理环境问题，通过将工程知识同社会大众艺术以及一些志愿者们相连接。这些现实生活中的艺术实践包括:遛蝌蚪，给“鱼”发短信，建立消防栓公园等等。People

14、 who come to the clinic are called,not patients,butimpatients,because theyre too impatient to wait forlegislative change to address local and environmental healthissues.的人们”，因为他们没有耐心去等待立法上的改变 去强调当地环境健康的重要性。02:28And I meet them at the University,I also have a few fieldoffices that I set up in various

15、 places that provide animmersion in some of the environmental challenges we face.我在大学里与这样的人见面，同时我也在其他一些地方 建立了我的办公室 就目前我们所面对的环境挑战，我提供些许的方法。02:38obesity:n.肥大,肥胖 implicated:adj.有牵连的/v.纠缠(implicate的过去式和过去分词)radically:adv.根本上；彻底地；以激进的方式 germs:n.微细菌;基医病菌(germ的复数形式);致病菌/v.发生(germ的单三形式);萌芽 medicos:n.医师;医科学生

16、(medico的变形)genetically:adv.从遗传学角度;从基因方面 predetermined:adj.业已决定的;先已决定的/v.已决定的(predetermine的过去式和过去分词)individualized:adj.个人的;有个性的;具有个人特色的/v.使个性化;分别详述(individualize的过去分词)legislative:adj.立法的;有立法权的/n.立法权;立法机构 immersion:n.沉浸;陷入;专心I like this one from the Belgian field office,where we met in aroundabout,pre

17、cisely because the roundabout iconified theheadless social movement that informs much socialtransformation,as opposed to the top-down control of redlight traffic color=Maroonintersections.我喜欢这个来自比利时地区的办公室，我们在一个环形交叉路口，确切地说，因为环形交叉路口使得错综复杂的公共运动图幅化 使得公共交通变化更清晰，相较于严密管理的 十字路口的红绿灯而言。02:47In this case,of co

18、urse,the roundabout with that micro-decisions being made in situ by people not being told whatto do.在这种情况下，当然，在环形交叉路口 人们不会等在原地 被告知该如何去做，而做出微小的决定。03:04But,of course,affords greater throughput,fewer accidents,and an interesting model of social movement.但是，当然，它能承载更大的交通吞吐量，更少的事故，同时也是一个有趣的公共运动模式。03:12Som

19、e of the things that the monitoring protocols havedeveloped:this is the tadpole bureaucrat protocol,orkeeping tabs,if you will.我们还研发了一些监测实验计划：这是一个蝌蚪管理实验计划 或者养蝌蚪，如果你愿意这样称呼。03:19What they are is an addition of tadpoles that are namedafter a local bureaucrat whose decisions affect your waterquality.这是一

20、个与蝌蚪有关的实验 以当地的一个管理组织命名的 该组织的决定能够直接影响水质。03:27roundabout:adj.迂回的,绕道的;圆滚滚的/n.迂回路线;环状交叉路口 headless:adj.不在意的;无头脑的;无领导者的intersections:n.交集,交叉点(intersection的复数形式);交十字路口 situ:n.原地 affords:vt.给予,提供;买得起throughput:n.生产量,生产能力 monitoring:n.监视,自监控;检验,检查/v.监视,通信军监听,监督(monitor的ing形式)protocols:n.协议;礼仪礼节;条款(protocol的

21、复数)/v.拟定议定书;拟定草案(protocol的三单形式)tadpole:n.蝌蚪bureaucrat:n.官僚;官僚主义者 protocol:n.协议;草案;礼仪/vt.拟定/vi.拟定 tabs:n.制表符;跳格设定;标号(tab的复数)/v.命名;为加上短小突出部(tab的第三人称单数形式)tadpoles:n.脊椎蝌蚪(tadpole的复数形式)So an impatient concern for water quality would raise atadpole bureaucrat in a sample of water in which theyreinterested

22、.因此作为对水质的关注 养一只蝌蚪 在他们所关心的水样中。03:34And we give them a couple of things to do that,to help themdo companion animal devices while theyre blogging anddoing their email.我们提供一系列的东西 去帮助他们做些陪护动物的装置 当他们在写博客时或是写邮件时都可以提供。03:43This is a tadpole walker to take your tadpole walking in theevening.这是遛蝌蚪 在晚上的时候，带着你的

23、蝌蚪散步。03:49And the interesting thing that happens-because wereusing tadpoles,of course,because they have the mostexquisite biosenses that we have,several orders ofmagnitude more sensitive than some of our senses forsensing,responding in a biologically meaningful way,tothat whole class of industrial c

24、ontaminants we callendocrine disruptors or hormone emulators.有趣的是 因为我们在用蝌蚪，当然 因为与我们人类相比，它们有最敏感的生物触觉，甚至比我们敏感好几倍 在某些感觉上 作为感觉 作为对于整个工业污染的反应 在生物上来说是很有意义的方式，我们称之为环境荷尔蒙 或者荷尔蒙仿真器。03:54But by taking your tadpole out for a walk in the evening-theres a few action shots-your neighbors are likely to say,What ar

25、e you doing?说到晚上遛蝌蚪 有些动态照片 你的邻居很可能会问，“你在干什么？”04:16exquisite:adj.精致的；细腻的；优美的，高雅的；异常的；剧烈的/n.服饰过于讲究的男子 magnitude:n.大小;量级;地震震级;重要;光度 sensing:n.传感;感觉;测知/adj.敏感的/v.感觉,了解(sense的现在分词)biologically:adv.生物学上,生物学地contaminants:n.环境污染物;污垢物(contaminant的复数)endocrine:n.内分泌;激素;内分泌物/adj.内分泌的;激素的hormone:n.生理激素,荷尔蒙And t

26、hen you have to introduce your tadpole and who itsnamed after.然后你要介绍你的蝌蚪 它是因为什么命名的。04:24You have to explain what youre doing and how thedevelopmental events of a tadpole are,of course,veryobservable and they use the same T3-mediated hormonesthat we do.你要解释你在做什么 蝌蚪的近况如何 当然，这很容易发现 然后它们也和我们一样需要甲状腺刺激素。0

27、4:29And so next time your neighbor sees you theyll say,How is因此下次你的邻居再看到你时 他们会说：“你的蝌蚪最近如何？”04:40And so next time your neighbor sees you theyll say,How isthat tadpole doing?蝌蚪最近如何？”04:40And you can let them social network with your tadpole,because the Environmental Health Clinic has a socialnetworkin

28、g site for,not only impatients,humans,but non-humans,social networking for humans and non-humans.然后你可以让他们同你的蝌蚪社交，因为环境健康诊所也有自己的社交体系 不仅仅是为了那些“不耐心的人”，其他人 甚至非人类 以及人与非人类的社交。04:46And of course,these endocrine disruptors are things that areimplicated in the breast cancer epidemic,the obesityepidemic,the tw

29、o and a half year drop in the average age ofonset of puberty in young girls and other related things.当然，这些环境荷尔蒙 涉及到大量发生的乳腺癌，流行肥胖症，近两年半间开始发生在年轻的青春期女孩身上 以及其它有关的东西。04:59The culmination of this is if youve successfully raised yourtadpole,observing the behavioral and developmentalevents,you will then go

30、and introduce your tadpole to itsnamesake and discuss the evidence that youve seen.这个活动的结果就是，如果你成功的养了你的蝌蚪观察它的行为 以及发展的活动，你将要去介绍你的蝌蚪 给管理机构 讨论你们发现的事实。05:11observable:adj.显著的;觉察得到的;看得见的/n.物可观察量;感觉到的事物 hormones:n.生理激素;荷尔蒙;性激素;荷尔蒙制剂(hormone的复数)networking:n.计算机网络的设计;一种互助性的网络体系/v.交流(network的ing形式);联络 non-hu

31、mans:adj.非人类的,不属于人类的 onset:n.开始,着手;发作;攻击,进攻 puberty:n.青春期;开花期 culmination:n.顶点;高潮 observing:adj.观察的;注意的;观察力敏锐的/v.观察;遵守(observe的ing形式)behavioral:adj.行为的 namesake:n.名义;同名物;同名的人Another quick protocol-and Im going to go through thesequickly,but just to give you the material sense of what weredoing here-

32、instead of asking you for urine samples,还有一个实验计划我会很快地给大家介绍一下，只是给大家直观的感受，我们在做些什么，而不是要大家的尿样，05:25Ill ask you for a mouse sample.而是跟你要一个老鼠样本。05:33Anyone here lucky enough to share,to cohabit with a mouse-a domestic partnership with mice?有人这里愿意分享么，幸运的话，与一只老鼠共同生活 驯养老鼠？05:35Very lucky.很幸运。05:40Mice,of cou

33、rse,are the quintessential model organism.老鼠，当然，是最典型的 模式生物。05:43Theyre even better models of environmental health,becausenot only the same mammalian biology,but they share yourdiet,largely.他们是很好的环境健康的样本，因为不仅仅同是哺乳动物，它们还与你有共同的饮食，大部分05:48They share your environmental stressors,the asbestos levelsand le

34、ad levels,whatever youre exposed to.它们与你处在相同的环境应激源中，共同的石棉水平和铅水平 不论你面临的是哪个。05:54And theyre geographically more limited than you are,because we dont know if youve been exposed to persistentorganic pollutants in your home,or occupationally or as achild.它们在地理上来说比你收到的限制更多，因为我们不知道你是否曾今 接触过持续性有机污染物 在你的家中，职

35、场 或是还是孩子的时候。06:01urine:n.尿 cohabit:vi.同居(尤指未婚而同居者)partnership:n.合伙;经管合伙企业;合作关系;合伙契约 quintessential:adj.精髓的,精萃的 mammalian:adj.哺乳类动物的/n.哺乳类 stressors:n.压力源(stressor的复数);压力因素 asbestos:n.石棉/adj.石棉的 geographically:adv.在地理上;地理学上 persistent:adj.固执的，坚持的；持久稳固的 pollutants:n.环境污染物(pollutant的复数)Mice are a very

36、good representation.老鼠是个很好的代表。06:11So it starts by building a better mousetrap,of course.一开始要弄个不错的捕鼠器，当然06:13This is one of them.这就是其中的一个。06:16Coping with environmental stressors is tricky.与环境应激源相处是件很难处理的事。06:18Is anybody here on antidepressants?这里有人在服用抗抑郁剂么？06:20(Laughter)Theres a lot of people in

37、Manhattan are.（笑声）在曼哈顿有很多人服用06:23www.XiYuS锡育软件And we were testing if the mice would also self-administerSSRIs.我们测试了那些老鼠是否 也自己服用抗抑郁症药物。06:28So this was Prozac,this was Zoloft,this was a black jellybeanand this was muscle relaxant,all of which were themedications that the impatient was taking.这个是百忧解（抗

38、抑郁药），这个是左洛复（抗抑郁药）这是一个黑色的豆形软糖，这个是肌肉松弛剂 这些都是那些“不耐心的人们”所服用的。06:33So do you think the mice self-administered antidepressants?你们认为老鼠会 自己服用抗抑郁药么？06:41Whats the-(Audience:Sure.Yes.)How did you know that?They did.什么（观众：一定的，确实）你怎么知道？它们确实这么做了。06:45This was vodka and solution,gin and solution.这个是伏特加和酒精，杜松子酒和溶液

39、。06:51mousetrap:n.捕鼠器;诡计/vt.诱捕 Coping:n.顶部;口腔顶盖;墙顶/vt.cope的变形/vi.cope的变形 antidepressants:n.药抗抑郁药(antidepressant的复数形式);抗忧郁剂 jellybean:n.一种豆形糖果 relaxant:n.弛缓药/adj.放松的,医弛缓的medications:n.药物(medication的复数形式);药物治疗 self-administered:adj.自行管理的 vodka:n.伏特加酒 gin:n.杜松子酒;网;机三角起重机/vi.喝杜松子酒;用陷阱(或网)捕捉,诱捕(猎物)This g

40、uy also liked plain water and the muscle relaxant.这老鼠还喜欢普通的水和肌肉松弛剂。06:53Wheres our export?我们发现什么了？06:56Vodka,gin-伏特加，杜松子酒06:58(Audience:unclear)Yes.Yes.You know your mice well.（观众：【不清楚】）没错，你非常了解老鼠。07:00They did,yes.它们确实这么做了。07:05So they drank as much vodka as they did plain water,whichwas interestin

41、g.它们喝起伏特加就像喝水一样，这很有意思。07:07Then of course,it goes into the entrapment device.然后，当然，它们走到诱捕器中。07:11Theres an old cellphone in there-a good use for oldcellphones-which dials the clinic,we go and pick up themouse.那儿有个老式手机老式手机得很好利用 来联络诊所，我们到那儿去抓老鼠。07:14We take the blood sample and do the blood work and h

42、airwork on the mice.我们提取血样 对它做毛发和血样测试。07:19And I want to sort of point out the big advantage of framinghealth in this external way.我想提一下这样做很大的一个好处 那就是对健康的外在表现方式做一个很好的框架。07:23But we do have a few prescription products through this.不过通过这些，我们确实得到一些治疗方法。07:28Its very different from the medical model.这与医

43、学模式非常不同。07:31entrapment:n.诱捕;圈套;截留 cellphone:n.蜂窝式便携无线电话;大哥大 cellphones:n.蜂窝式便携无线电话;大哥大dials:n.转盘;刻度盘;钟面/vi.拨号/vt.给拨号打电话 point out:指出,指明 framing:n.框架;设计;取景;组帧/v.制定;构造;装框子(frame的ing形式)Anything you do to improve your water quality or air quality,or to understand it or to change it,the benefits are enj

44、oyedby anyone you share that water quality or air quality with.为了提高水的质量，空气质量，或者更了解他们，改变他们 你所做的一切都在与其他人共享 你同大家一起分享好的水质，空气质量。07:34And that aggregating effect,that collective action effect,isactually something we can use to our advantage.然后，集体的力量 凝聚的力量 的的确确是我们可以利用的。07:45So I want to show you one prescr

45、iption product in the cliniccalled the No Park.因此我想给大家看一个我们诊所的治疗方法 称作“非公园”。07:53This is a prescription to improve water quality.这是一个提高水质的处方。07:58Many impatients are very concerned for water quality andair quality.很多“没有耐心的人”对于水质及空气质量都很关心。08:01What we do is we take a fire hydrant,a no parking spaceass

46、ociated with a fire hydrant,and we prescribe the removalof the asphalt to create an engineered micro landscape,tocreate an infiltration opportunity.我们所做的就是将消防栓 一个“非公园”的空间与消防栓相联系 我们采用将沥青去除的方式 去开辟一块小的工程景观 创造一个渗透作用的机会。08:04Because,many of you will know,that the biggest pollutionburden that we have on t

47、he New York,New Jersey harborright now is no longer the point sources,no longer the bigpolluters,no longer the GEs,but that massive network ofroads,因为，大多数人都知道 最大的污染负担 我们目前在纽约，新泽西港湾所存在的 不再是以点作为源头，也不再是很大的污染制造者，不再是通用电气，而是巨大的道路网08:16aggregating:v.聚集;合计(aggregate的ing形式)/n.聚集 concerned for:关心 hydrant:n.消防

48、栓;水龙头;给水栓 asphalt:n.沥青;柏油/vt.以沥青铺/adj.用柏油铺成的 engineered:adj.设计的,工程/v.设计;指导(engineer的过去分词)micro:adj.极小的;基本的;微小的/n.微型计算机;微处理器 infiltration:n.渗透;渗透物 polluters:n.污染者;污染源;污染物质those impervious surfaces,that collect all that cadmiumneurotoxin that comes from your brake liners or the oilyhydrocarbon waste i

49、n every single storm event andmedieval infrastructure washes it straight into the estuarysystem.那些无法渗透的表面 聚集了来自汽车制动装置的所有的镉毒素 或是浸透油的碳氢化合物废物 即便是一次很小的风暴或是中世纪的基础设施 都足以把它们冲入河口的水域中去。08:30That doesnt do a lot of good.这一点都没有好处。08:42These are little opportunities to intercept those pollutantsbefore they ente

50、r the harbor,and theyre produced byimpatients on various city blocks in some very interestingways.几乎没有机会截住那些污染物 在它们到达港湾之前，“没有耐心的人们”建立了这些 在很多的城市街区 一些非常有意思的方式。08:44I just want to say it was sort of a rule of thumb though,theres about two or three fire hydrants on every city block.我想说，虽然它仅仅是靠经验实践的方法，在每