JohnLloyd_2009G[约翰劳埃德][概述“看不见”的含义].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件So the question is,what is invisible?那么，问题是：什么是“看不见”？00:15There is more of it than you think,actually.实际上这并不是想象中的那么简单。00:20Everything,I would say,everything that matters except everything,and except matter.我认为是每一件重要的事物 除了每一件事，也除了重要。00:23We can see matter.But we cant see whats the matter

2、.我们可以看见事物，但是我们不能认识它们的实质。00:32As in this cryptic sentence I found in the Guardian recently.最近我在卫报上发现了一个隐晦的句子。00:36The marriage suffered a setback in 1965 when the husbandwas killed by the wife.“1965年这段婚姻经历了挫折 那年妻子杀死了丈夫。”00:41(Laughter)Theres a world of invisibility there isnt there?（笑声）这其中有许多不可告人的秘密，

3、是吧？00:47(Laughter)So we can see the stars and the planets.（笑声）我们可以看见满天星光和星球00:52But we cant see what holds them apart,or what draws themtogether.但是我们不能看出是什么使它们相互分开 或者什么使它们聚在一起。00:56With matter,as with people,we see only the skin of things.看事物，就像看人一样，我们只看到表面的东西。01:01We cant see into the engine room.我

4、们不能深入洞察。01:04We cant see what makes people tick,at least not withoutdifficulty.我们不能看到是什么支配着人的一举一动，至少不是一件轻松的事。01:06cryptic:adj.神秘的,含义模糊的;动隐藏的 Guardian:n.法监护人,保护人;守护者/adj.守护的 setback:n.挫折;退步;逆流invisibility:n.看不见;看不见的东西;难看见 see into:调查;观察的性质 tick:vt.标记号于;滴答地记录/n.滴答声;扁虱;记号;赊欠/vi.发出滴答声;标以记号And the closer

5、 we look at anything,the more it disappears.我们观察得越仔细，真相就越不明朗。01:09In fact,if you look really closely at stuff,if you look at thebasic substructure of matter,there isnt anything there.实际上，如果你真的足够近的观察事物，如果你探究物质的基本构造，你将一无所获。01:13Electrons disappear in a kind of fuzz,and there is onlyenergy.And you cant

6、 see energy.电子如微小的绒毛一般消失，只剩下能量。我们是看不见能量的。01:19So everything that matters,thats important,is invisible.因此对于任何事物来说，重要的是“看不见”的东西。01:26One slightly silly thing thats invisible is this story,which isinvisible to you.这是一个有点滑稽的、关于“看不见”的 故事，对你们而言是“看不见”的。01:29And Im now going to make it visible to you in you

7、r minds.我现在将让它在你们的头脑中显现出来。01:34Its about an M.P.called Geoffrey Dickens.这个故事的主人公是一个叫Geoffrey Dickens的国会议员。01:37The late Geoffrey Dickens,M.P.was attending a fete in hisconstituency.前议员Geoffrey Dickens正在他的选区参加一个宴会。01:41Wherever he went,at every stall he stopped he was closelyfollowed by a devoted smi

8、ling woman of indescribableugliness.不管他走到哪里，在他停下来的每一处他都被一个狂热且奇丑无比的微笑妇女紧紧跟随者。01:44substructure:n.基础;信念;底部构造 Electrons:n.物电子(electron的复数形式)fuzz:n.绒毛;模糊;细毛;警员/vi.作绒毛状飞散;变成绒毛状;变得模糊/vt.使模糊;起毛 Dickens:n.魔鬼(等于devil)fete:n.祭祀;庆祝;节日;游乐会/vt.宴请;招待constituency:n.(选区的)选民;支持者;(一批)顾客 stall:n.货摊;畜栏;托辞/vi.停止,停转;拖延/v

9、t.拖延;使停转;使陷于泥中devoted:adj.献身的;忠诚的/v.献身于;致力于(devote的过去分词)indescribable:adj.难以形容的;莫名其妙的;不能用语言表达的(Laughter)Try as he might,he couldnt get away from her.（笑声）尽管他努力尝试，还是始终无法摆脱她。01:50A few days later he received a letter from a constituentsaying how much she admired him,had met him at a feteand asking for

10、a signed photograph.几天以后他收到了一个选民的来信，尽诉她的仰慕之情，回顾宴会的一面之缘以及索求一张签名的照片。01:54After her name,written in brackets was the apt description,horse face.在她的名字后面，括号内写着一个恰如其分的描述词：马脸。02:01(Laughter)Ive misjudged this women.thought Mr.Dickens.（笑声）“我错怪了这位女士。”Dicken先生想到。02:06Not only is she aware of her physical repu

11、lsiveness,sheturns it to her advantage.“她不仅仅认识到自己的外表令人厌恶，她还将其加以利用。02:09TED演讲者：John Lloyd|约翰劳埃德演讲标题：John Lloyd inventories the invisible|概述“看不见”的含义内容概要：John Lloyd helps make some of the cleverest television in the UK.大自然的神秘和人类敏捷的智慧在这十分钟妙趣横生的演讲中相得益彰。喜剧演员，作家和电视记者JohnLloyd为我们剖析了几样“看不见的东西”的实质。A photo is

12、not enough.一张照片是不够的。”02:14So he went out and bought a plastic frame to put thephotograph in.于是他出去买了一个塑料像框将照片放入其中。02:16And on the photograph,he wrote with a flourish,To HorseFace,with love from Geoffrey Dickens,M.P.而且在照片上，他大笔一挥：“致马脸，你亲爱的Geoffrey Dickens议员。”02:19After it had been sent off his secretar

13、y said to him,Did youget that letter from the woman at the fete?当照片寄出去以后，他的秘书跟他说：“你收到那个宴会上的女人的来信了吗？02:26I wrote Horse Face on her,so youd remember who she was.我在上面写上了马脸，以便能使你记起她。”02:30constituent:n.成分;选民;委托人/adj.构成的;选举的 admired:adj.受人钦佩的;感到羡慕的/v.羡慕,赞美;钦佩(admire的过去分词)brackets:n.支架;方括号;舱口围板支架(bracket的

14、复数)/v.给装上托架;把容纳在内(bracket的三单形式)apt:adj.恰当的；有倾向的；灵敏的/misjudged:vi.判断错/vt.对判断错误(Laughter)I bet he thought he wished he was invisible,dontyou?（笑声）我想他一定宁可自己是看不见的，是吧？02:34(Laughter)So,one of the interesting things about invisibilityis that things that we cant see we also cant understand.（笑声）因此，关于“不可见”的一个

15、很有趣的事情是 我们不能看见的东西 我们也不能理解。02:42Gravity is one thing that we cant see,and which we dontunderstand.重力就是一个我们看不见的东西，对于它我们也不理解。02:50Its the least understood of all the four fundamental forces,and the weakest.在四种基本力中它是最神秘的，也是最弱的。02:54And nobody really knows what it is or why its there.也没有人知道它是什么，为何存在。02:5

16、8For what its worth,Sir Issac Newton,the greatest scientistwho ever lived,he thought Jesus came to earth specifically tooperate the levers of gravity.姑且不论真假，艾萨克牛顿爵士，史上最伟大的科学家，他认为耶稣降临仅仅是为了操纵重力的杠杆。03:00Thats what he thought he was there for.他认为这就是耶稣的使命。03:08So,bright guy,could be wrong on that one,I d

17、ont know.所以，再聪明的人，在那里也可能出错，（反正）我不知道。03:10(Laughter)Consciousness.I see all your faces.（笑声）意识。我看得见你们的脸。03:13I have no idea what any of you are thinking.Isnt thatamazing?我不知道你们中的任何一个人在想什么，这难道不令人惊讶吗？03:17Isnt that incredible that we cant read each others minds.我们不能阅读他人的想法，这难道不是很不可思议吗？03:20Newton:n.牛顿(英

18、国科学家);牛顿(力的单位)levers:n.杠杆;手段(lever的复数)/v.用杠杆撬动(lever的第三人称单数)Consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉But we can touch each other,taste each other perhaps,if weget close enough.但是我们可以相互触摸，也可能相互亲热，如果我们足够亲密。03:23But we cant read each others minds.I find that quiteastonishing.但是我们不能知道对方在想什么。我觉得这很让人惊讶。03:27In the Sufi

19、 faith,this great Middle-Eastern religion,whichsome claim is the route of all religions,在中东的宗教派别苏菲派的信仰中 有些人认为苏菲派是一切宗教的根源，03:30Sufi masters are all telepaths,so they say.据说，苏菲长老都懂读心术03:36But their main exercise of telepathy is to send out powerfulsignals to the rest of us that it doesnt exist.但是他们使用心

20、灵感应的主要目的 就是向外界传达这样一个强有力的信号：它不存在。03:41So thats why we dont think it exists,the Sufi mastersworking on us.所以也就不难理解为什么我们不相信读心术的存在，是苏菲长老们对我们干的好事。03:48In the question of consciousness and artificial intelligence.谈到意识 和人工智能。03:53Artificial intelligence has really,like the study ofconsciousness,gotten nowh

21、ere.We have no idea howconsciousness works.人工智能的研究如同对于意识的研究一样，毫无进展。我们完全不知道意识是如何运作的。03:57With artificial intelligence,not only have they not createdartificial intelligence,they havent yet created artificialstupidity.使用人工智能技术不仅没有创造出人工智能，也没有创造出“人工愚蠢”。04:02www.XiYuS锡育软件(Laughter)The laws of physics:invi

22、sible,eternal,omnipresent,all powerful.（笑声）物理学的定理：不可见，永恒，无处不在，全部都拥有强大的力量。04:09telepathy:n.心灵感应;传心术 send out:发送;派遣;放出 stupidity:n.愚蠢;糊涂事 eternal:adj.永恒的;不朽的omnipresent:adj.无所不在的Remind you of anyone?让你们想起了什么？04:18Interesting.Im,as you can guess,not a materialist,Im animmaterialist.这很有趣。正如你们所想，我不是一个唯物主

23、义者，我是一个非唯物主义者。04:20And Ive found a very useful new word,ignostic.Okay?我发现了一个非常有用的新词：“忽视主义者”(ignostic)04:24Im an ignostic.我就是一个“忽视主义者”。04:27I refuse to be drawn on the question of whether God exists,until somebody properly defines the terms.我不会为上帝是否存在这样的问题而纠缠不休，直到有人把“上帝”准确的定义。04:29(Laughter)Another t

24、hing we cant see is the human genome.（笑声）另外一个我们看不见的东西是人类基因图谱。04:35And this is increasingly peculiar.而且它变的越来越奇怪。04:41Because about 20 years ago,when they started delving intothe genome,they thought it would probably contain around100 thousand genes.因为20年前，当人们着手探究基因图谱时，当时预计人类基因组会包含大概10万个基因。04:44Geneti

25、cists will know this,but every year since,its beenrevised downwards.遗传学者对这个比较熟悉，但是从那以后每年，人们都在降低预估的基因数量。04:52We now think there are likely to be only just over 20thousand genes in the human genome.我们现在认为可能只有差不多2万种基因 存在于人类的基因组中。04:56This is extraordinary.Because rice,get this,rice is known tohave 38 t

26、housand genes.这很离奇。就拿稻谷来说，稻谷拥有3万8千种基因。05:01materialist:n.唯物主义者;实利主义者 genome:n.基因组;染色体组 peculiar:adj.特殊的；独特的；奇怪的；罕见的/n.特权；特有财产 delving:vi.钻研;探究;挖/vt.钻研;探究;挖/n.穴;洞 Geneticists:n.遗传学者 revised:adj.改进的/v.修改;校订;复习(revise的过去分词形式)downwards:adv.向下,往下 known to:已知的Potatoes,potatoes have 48 chromosomes.Do you k

27、nowthat?马铃薯拥有48对染色体。你们知道吗？05:08Two more than people.比人类染色体数多2个05:13And the same a gorilla.大猩猩也是一样的数目05:15(Laughter)You cant see these things.But they are verystrange.（笑声）你看不见这些东西。但是它们确实存在，很奇怪。05:17(Laughter)The stars by day.I always think thats fascinating.（笑声）白天的星星。我总是认为它令人着迷。05:22The universe disa

28、ppears.好像宇宙消失了一般。05:27The more light there is,the less you can see.光线越强，你能看到的反而越少。05:29Time,nobody can see time.时间，没有人可以看见时间。05:32I dont know if you know this.Modern physics,there is a bigmovement in modern physics to decide that time doesntreally exist.我不知道你们是否了解。现代物理学的一个重大突破 就是确定了时间是不存在的。05:34Beca

29、use its to inconvenient for the figures.因为它很难转换到数字模型中。05:40Its much easier if its not really there.所以干脆不存在，这样就省事多了。05:43You cant see the future,obviously.显然，你不能看见未来。05:45And you cant see the past,except in your memory.你也无法看见过去，除了在你的记忆中。05:47One of the interesting things about the past is youparticul

30、arly cant see,my son asked me this the other day,hesaid,Dad can you remember what I was like when I wastwo?你尤其不能看见的 关于过去的一个有意思的事情是，我儿子一天问我，他说，“爸爸，你能记得我两岁时候的样子吗？”05:50Potatoes:n.作物土豆(potato的复数形式);作物马铃薯 chromosomes:n.遗细胞染料染色体(chromosome的复数形式)gorilla:n.大猩猩 inconvenient:adj.不便的;打扰的 the other day:不久前某一天;

31、几天以前And I said Yes.And he said,Why cant I?我说：“可以啊。”他说：“为什么我不行呢？”05:57Isnt that extraordinary?You can not remember whathappened to you earlier than the age of two or three.这难道不奇怪吗？你记不得 你两三岁之前的事情。06:00Which is great news for psychoanalysts.不过对于心理分析学家这却是一个好消息。06:05Because otherwise theyd be out of a jo

32、b.因为否则的话它们就要失业了。06:07Because thats where all the stuff happens因为所有的事情都是那段时间发生的06:09(Laughter)that makes you who you are.（笑声）使得你变成了今天这样。06:12Another thing you cant see is the grid,on which we hang.另一个不可见的东西是我们依赖的网格。06:17This is fascinating.You probably know,some of you,that cellsare continually renew

33、ed.You can see it in skin and this kindof stuff.这很有趣。你们中的某些人也许知道，细胞是不断的更新的。你可以在皮肤和其他的外部器官上看到这种情况。06:20Skin flakes off,hairs grow,nails,that kind of stuff.皮屑脱落，头发生长，指甲，诸如此类。06:26But every cell in your body is replaced at some point.但是你身体里的细胞在某一个时刻也会更新。06:30Tastebuds,every 10 days or so.味蕾，大概十天左右（更新）。

34、06:33Livers and internal organs sort of take a bit longer.A spinetakes several years.肝脏和其他内部器官可能会长一点。脊椎要几年。06:35continually:adv.不断地;频繁地 renewed:adj.更新的;复兴的;重建的/v.更新;恢复(renew的过去分词)flakes:n.鳞片;白点;发裂 Tastebuds:n.解味蕾 Livers:n.肝脏(liver的复数)spine:n.脊柱,脊椎;刺;书脊But at the end of seven years,not one cell in yo

35、ur bodyremains from what was there seven years ago.不过七年之后，你身体里的每一个细胞 都和七年前不再一样了。06:39The question is,who,then,are we?那么问题就是，我们是谁？06:46What are we?What is this thing that we hang on,that isactually us?我们是什么，我们一直依赖的这个东西是什么，还真的是我们本身吗？06:48Okay.Atoms,you cant see them.原子，我们无法看见。06:55Nobody every will.Th

36、eyre smaller than the wavelength oflight.没人可以看见。它们比光的波长还要小06:57Gas,you cant see that.气体，也不可见。07:00Interesting.Somebody mentioned 1600 recently.有意思。有人最近提到了1600年。07:02Gas was invented in 1600 by a Dutch chemist called VanHelmont.Gas（气体）这个字在1600年 被一个叫VanHelmont的荷兰化学家发明。07:04Its said to be the most succ

37、essful ever invention of a word bya known individual.这被认为是有史以来个人发明的 最成功的一个字。07:09Quite good.He also invented a word called blass,meaningastral radiation.非常不错。他还发明了一个字叫blass，意即星的辐射。07:14Didnt catch on,unfortunately.很遗憾，这个词没有流行起来。07:19(Laughter)But well done,him.（笑声）不过他还是干的很棒。07:21(Laughter)There is s

38、o many things that-Light.（笑声）这样的例子太多了光。07:25hang on:坚持下去;不挂断;握住不放 Atoms:n.物原子(atom的复数)wavelength:n.物波长 blass:adj.(德)苍白的astral:adj.星的;星际的;精神世界的You cant see light.When its dark,in a vacuum,if a personshines a beam of light straight across your eyes,you wontsee it.Slightly technical,some physicists wil

39、l disagree withthis.你不能看见光。当黑暗的情况下，在真空中，如果有人在你的眼前正方发射出一道光，你是不会看见的。有一点专业了，一些物理学家不会赞同这个观点。07:29But its odd that you cant see the beam of light,you canonly see what it hits.不过奇怪的是你不能看见这束光，你只能看到它击中的地方。07:38I find that extraordinary,not to be able to see light,not to beable to see darkness.我发现这个很奇妙，不能看见光

40、，不能看见黑暗。07:42Electricity,you cant see that.电，你看不见电。07:46Dont let anyone tell you they understand electricity.别相信任何人跟你说的电是怎么一回事07:48They dont.Nobody knows what it is.他们不懂。没人知道是怎么回事。07:50(Laughter)You probably think the electrons in an electricwire move instantaneously down a wire,dont you,at thespeed

41、 of light when you turn the light on.They dont.（笑声）你也许认为在你开灯的刹那，电子在电线中 以光速瞬间流过整条电线，是吗？实际上不是。07:52Electrons bumble down the wire,about the speed ofspreading honey,they say.电子在电线中笨拙的移动，据说和蜂蜜的流动速度差不多。08:00vacuum:n.真空;空间;真空吸尘器/adj.真空的;利用真空的;产生真空的/vt.用真空吸尘器清扫 shines:v.使亮(shine的第三人称单数);发光 physicists:n.物理学

42、家;机械唯物论者(physicist的复数)odd:adj.奇数的;古怪的;剩余的;临时的;零散的/n.奇数;怪人;奇特的事物 instantaneously:adv.即刻;突如其来地 light on:偶然遇见(碰见,发现);停落于 bumble:vi.犯错误;踉跄;结结巴巴地说话/vt.弄糟;搞坏/n.错误(Laughter)Galaxies,100 billion of them,estimated in theuniverse.（笑声）星系，在宇宙种估计有1000亿之多08:05100 billion.How many can we see?Five.1000亿。我们能看见几个？5个。

43、08:10Five,out of the 100 billion galaxies,with the naked eye.裸眼仅能观测1000亿中的5个。08:13And one of them is quite difficult to see unless youve gotvery good eyesight.而且如果你视力不好的话，有一个还很难看到。08:16Radio waves.Theres another thing.还有一个东西，无线电波。08:20Heinrich Hertz,when he discovered radio waves in 1887,hecalled th

44、em radio waves because they radiated.海因里希赫兹，他在1887年发现了无线电波，他之所以叫它们无线电波是因为它们是辐射的。08:22And somebody said to him,Well whats the point of theseHeinrich?于是有人问他，“那这些又有什么意义呢，海因里希？08:27Whats the point of these radio waves that youve found?你发现的这些无线电波有什么意义呢？”08:32And he said,Well,Ive no idea.他说，“其实，我也不知道。08:3

45、5But I guess somebody will find a use for them someday.不过我想以后应该会有人挖掘它们的用处吧。”08:37And thats what they do,radio.Thats what they discovered.这就是他们所做的，无线电，这就是他们所发现的。08:40Anyway,so,the biggest thing thats invisible to us is what wedont know.总而言之，对我们而言 最大的不可见的事物就是我们不知道的。08:44It is incredible how little we

46、know.我们所知道的竟然是那么的少。08:49estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的 Hertz:n.物赫兹(频率单位)radiated:adj.辐射的;放射状的;有辐射棱线的/v.辐射;放出光芒;伸展(radiate的过去分词)Thomas Edison once said,We dont know one percent ofone millionth about anything.爱迪生曾说，对于任何事情而言，我们所知道的不过其百万分之一08:52And Ive come to the conclusion because youve asked thisother que

47、stion,Whats another thing you cant see?于是我下了结论 因为你们已经问了另外一个问题，“还有什么东西我们看不见”08:58The point,most of us.Whats the point?意义,对于我们大多数人来说，这番话到底有什么意义？（暗指大多数人都看不出这番演讲的实际意义）09:04(Laughter)（笑声）09:07(Applause)You cant see a point.Its,by definition,dimensionless,like an electron,oddly enough.（掌声）你不能看见“点”。根据定义，它是

48、无尺寸的，说来也怪，就像电子一样。09:10But,the point,what Ive got it down to is there are only twoquestions really worth asking.但是，我所讲说的意义在于，只有两个问题真的值得我们探究。09:17Why are we here?and What should we do about it whilewe are?“我们为什么在这里？”和“当我们在这里时我们应该怎么办？”09:22And to help you,Ive got two things to leave you with,fromtwo gr

49、eat philosophers,perhaps two of the greatestphilosopher thinkers of the 20th Century.为了帮助大家，我留下两句话，来自两个伟大的哲学家，也许是20世纪最伟大的两个思想者。09:27One a mathematician and an engineer,and the other a poet.一位是数学家和工程师，另一位是一位诗人。09:35The first is Ludvig Vitgen?tajn who said,I dont know why weare here.第一位是Ludvig Vitgen?

50、tajn，他说，“我不知道为什么我们会在这里。09:38millionth:n.百万分之一;第一百万/adj.百万分之一的;第一百万的 oddly:adv.古怪地;奇妙地;单数地 philosophers:n.哲学家(philosopher的复数)mathematician:n.数学家/善作数字计算的人But Im pretty sure its not in order to enjoy ourselves.但是我敢说我们可不是过来寻开心的。”09:44(Laughter)He was a cheerful bastard wasnt he?（笑声）他是一个让人愉快的家伙是吧？09:47(L