KimberleCrenshaw_2016W[金伯莉·克伦肖][交叉性带来的紧迫].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Id like to try something new.我想要尝试一些新的事情。00:12Those of you who are able,please stand up.能够参与的人 请站起来一下。00:15OK,so Im going to name some names.接下来我要列出一些名字。00:20When you hear a name that you dont recognize,you canttell me anything about them,Id like you to take a seat andstay seated.当你听到一个

2、从没听过的名字,关于这个名字你什么也不知道,你就可以先坐下了。一直坐着00:24The last person standing,were going to see what they know.OK?最后站着的人,我们会看看他们知道什么,好吗？00:32(Laughter)All right.（笑声）好的。00:35Eric Garner.埃里克加纳。00:39Mike Brown.马克布朗。00:42Tamir Rice.泰米尔莱斯。00:47Freddie Gray.弗雷迪格雷。00:51So those of you who are still standing,Id like you

3、 to turnaround and take a look.所以现在还站着的人们,请你们看一下周围。00:56Id say half to most of the people are still standing.差不多过半数的人还都站着。01:00So lets continue.所以我们继续。01:04Michelle Cusseaux.米歇尔柯索。01:07Tanisha Anderson.特妮莎安德森。01:15Aura Rosser.奥拉罗瑟。01:22Meagan Hockaday.梅根浩柯蒂。01:27stand up:v.站起来;坚持;竖立;站得住脚;拥护 Garner:v

4、t.获得;储存;把储入谷仓/n.谷仓 turn around:转向反方向;(生意或经济)好转;船只留港 Aura:n.光环;气氛;(中风等的)预兆;气味So if we look around again,there are about four people stillstanding,and actually Im not going to put you on the spot.如果现在再看看周围,差不多还有四个人站着,其实我并不打算赶鸭子上架。01:30I just say that to encourage transparency,so you can beseated.当时说那话

5、是为了鼓励公平透明,你们现在可以坐下了。01:38(Laughter)So those of you who recognized the first group ofnames know that these were African-Americans who havebeen killed by the police over the last two and a half years.（笑声）所以那些认出第一组名字的人知道 这些是在过去的两年半中 被警察杀掉的非裔美国人。01:41What you may not know is that the other list is also

6、African-Americans who have been killed within the last two years.但你们可能不知道的是,另外一份名单也是在过去的两年内 被警察杀掉的非裔美国人。01:55Only one thing distinguishes the names that you knowfrom the names that you dont know:gender.这两组名单中 唯一的不同之处在于:性别。02:07So let me first let you know that theres nothing at all distinctabout thi

7、s audience that explains the pattern of recognitionthat weve just seen.首先我想告诉大家 你们并不存在什么特殊的地方可以用来解释我们刚才看到的认知模式。02:16Ive done this exercise dozens of times around the country.这个实验我在全国范围内做过好多次。02:28look around:游览;到处察看;到处寻找 on the spot:立刻,当场;在危险中;处于负责地位 transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃 distinguishes:vt

8、.区分;辨别;使杰出,使表现突出/vi.区别,区分;辨别 know from:区别于 gender:n.性;性别;性交/vt.生(过去式gendered,过去分词gendered,现在分词gendering,第三人称单数genders,形容词genderless)Ive done it to womens rights organizations.我在女权组织中做过这个实验,02:32Ive done it with civil rights groups.我在民权组织中做过这个实验。02:35Ive done it with professors.Ive done it with stude

9、nts.我对教授、学生、心理学家、02:37Ive done it with psychologists.Ive done it with sociologists.社会学家都做过这个实验。02:40Ive done it even with progressive members of Congress.我甚至还对国会进步分子做过这个实验。02:44And everywhere,the awareness of the level of police violencethat black women experience is exceedingly low.不管在哪里,黑人女性受到警察暴力

10、的事件 都少有人关注。02:48Now,it is surprising,isnt it,that this would be the case.这个情况是有些出人意料的,02:57TED演讲者：Kimberl Crenshaw|金伯莉克伦肖演讲标题：The urgency of intersectionality|交叉性带来的紧迫内容概要：Now more than ever,its important to look boldly at the reality of race and genderbias and understand how the two can combine to

11、create even more harm.KimberlCrenshaw uses the term intersectionality to describe this phenomenon;as she says,if yourestanding in the path of multiple forms of exclusion,youre likely to get hit by both.In thismoving talk,she calls on us to bear witness to this reality and speak up for victims of pre

12、judice.现下，去大胆地看待种族和性别偏见的现实比以往都重要而这两者的结合能带来更大的伤害。金伯莉克伦肖用“交叉性”来描述这一现象；她说，如果你站在具有多种形式的排斥的道路上，你很可能会受到多种冲击。在这场感人的讲话中，她号召我们共同见证这一现实，并为偏见的受害者辩护.。I mean,there are two issues involved here.因为这里涉及到两个问题。03:01Theres police violence against African-Americans,andtheres violence against women,two issues that have

13、beentalked about a lot lately.一是非裔美国人受到的警察暴力,而是女性受到的暴力。这是两个我们最近经常提到的问题。03:03But when we think about who is implicated by theseproblems,when we think about who is victimized by theseproblems,the names of these black women never come tomind.但是如果当我们去想这些问题的牵连者,这些问题的受害者的时候,这些黑人女性的名字就想不起来了。03:12psychologi

14、sts:n.心理心理学家(psychologist的复数形式)sociologists:n.社会学家 awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道exceedingly:adv.非常；极其；极度地；极端 implicated:adj.有牵连的/v.纠缠(implicate的过去式和过去分词)victimized:vt.使受害;使牺牲;欺骗Now,communications experts tell us that when facts do notfit with the available frames,people have a difficult timeincorporating

15、new facts into their way of thinking about aproblem.交流专家告诉我们,当事实与已有框架不符时,人们很难用已有的思考方式 去思考新给出的事实。03:25These womens names have slipped through ourconsciousness because there are no frames for us to seethem,no frames for us to remember them,no frames for usto hold them.在我们脑中,这些女性的名字被一带而过,因为我们的思维框架 不容许我

16、们 看到或者是记住它们。03:41As a consequence,reporters dont lead with them,policymakers dont think about them,and politicians arentencouraged or demanded that they speak to them.因此,记者不会做头条报道,当权者不予考虑,政治家不被鼓励或者要求去谈及她们。03:53Now,you might ask,why does a frame matter?你可能会问,思维框架能有什么作用呢？04:07I mean,after all,an issue

17、 that affects black people and anissue that affects women,wouldnt that necessarily includeblack people who are women and women who are blackpeople?毕竟,涉及到黑人和女性的问题 不就包括女性黑人或黑人女性吗？04:11Well,the simple answer is that this is a trickle-downapproach to social justice,and many times it just doesntwork.简单来说

18、,这就是社会公平的涓滴效应,而且很多时候根本不起作用。04:25frames:n.计电子通信帧,电影画面;建计框架;眼镜架(frame的复数)incorporating:adj.合并的/v.合并(incorporate的ing形式)consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉 consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论 reporters:n.记者(reporter的复数)policymakers:决策人 trickle-down:adj.美国英语经济学利益扩散论的,间接流注论的,“滴入式”理论的Without frames that allow us to see how so

19、cial problemsimpact all the members of a targeted group,many will fallthrough the cracks of our movements,left to suffer invirtual isolation.没有一个思维框架能让我们看到 社会问题是怎样影响到整个目标人群的,我们根本就不会为这些问题所动,更不用说忍受精神上的孤立了。04:34But it doesnt have to be this way.但是事情不一定非要这样。04:49Many years ago,I began to use the term in

20、tersectionality很多年前,我开始用”交叉性“这个词04:54to deal with the fact that many of our social justice problemslike racism and sexism are often overlapping,creatingmultiple levels of social injustice.来描述在很多社会公正问题中,像种族主义和性别主义 经常是重叠的这样一个现象,它带来多方面的社会不公。04:59Now,the experience that gave rise to intersectionality wa

21、smy chance encounter with a woman named EmmaDeGraffenreid.而引起了我对这种交叉性的注意的,是与一个名为艾玛德格芬雷的女性的偶遇05:13Emma DeGraffenreid was an African-American woman,aworking wife and a mother.艾玛德格芬雷是一名非裔美国女性、一位工作的妻子兼母亲。05:24I actually read about Emmas story from the pages of a legalopinion written by a judge who had d

22、ismissed Emmas claimof race and gender discrimination against a local carmanufacturing plant.我实际上是从一个法律观点的界面上读到艾玛的故事,而写这个的法官驳回了 她对当地一家汽车生产公司 种族和性别歧视的上诉请求。05:30fall through the cracks:被忽视 suffer:vt.遭受；忍受；经历/vi.遭受，忍受；受痛苦；经验；受损害/isolation:n.隔离;孤立;电绝缘;化学离析 racism:n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见 sexism:n.(针对女性的)性别歧视;男性

23、至上主义overlapping:adj.重叠;覆盖/v.与重叠;盖过(overlap的ing形式)injustice:n.不公正;不讲道义 African-American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人)written by:由所写 dismissed:v.开除,解散(dismiss的过去分词);摒弃/adj.解雇的;解散的,被排除的discrimination:n.歧视；区别，辨别；识别力 manufacturing:adj.制造的;制造业的/n.制造业;工业/v.制造;生产(manufacture的ing形式)Emma,like so many African-American women,s

24、ought betteremployment for her family and for others.艾玛,像其他众多非裔美国女性一样,期望为家庭和他人争取更好的就业机会05:47She wanted to create a better life for her children and for herfamily.她想为孩子和家庭带来更好的生活。05:55But she applied for a job,and she was not hired,and shebelieved that she was not hired because she was a black她应聘了一份工

25、作,但是并没有被雇佣,而她认为原因就在于她是一名黑人女性。05:59believed that she was not hired because she was a blackwoman.www.XiYuS锡育软件Now,the judge in question dismissed Emmas suit,and theargument for dismissing the suit was that the employer didhire African-Americans and the employer hired women.而这个问题中的法官驳回了她的申诉,理由是这家生产公司的老

26、板 雇佣了非裔美国人,也雇佣了女性。06:07The real problem,though,that the judge was not willing toacknowledge was what Emma was actually trying to say,thatthe African-Americans that were hired,usually for industrialjobs,maintenance jobs,were all men.其中的关键,虽然法官并不愿意承认,也是艾玛真正想说的 是那些受雇的非裔美国人,通常在工业职位和维护职位,都是男性。06:23And th

27、e women that were hired,usually for secretarial orfront-office work,were all white.而受雇的女性 通常在秘书或前台之类的职位 都是白人。06:39Only if the court was able to see how these policies cametogether would he be able to see the double discriminationthat Emma DeGraffenreid was facing.如果法官能够看到这些政策的结合 他就能注意到艾玛德格芬雷受到的双重歧视。

28、06:46in question:讨论中的;成问题的;考虑中的 dismissing:v.解散(dismiss的ing形式)secretarial:adj.秘书的;书记的;部长的front-office:adj.行政的;管理的But the court refused to allow Emma to put two causes ofaction together to tell her story because he believed that,byallowing her to do that,she would be able to havepreferential treatmen

29、t.但是法官不许艾玛把这两个原因联系到一起 去讲述她的故事 因为他坚信如果允许艾玛这样做,她就能够享受优惠待遇。06:58She would have an advantage by having two swings at thebat,when African-American men and white women only hadone swing at the bat.她就比单讲非裔美国男性和白人女性 多了一倍胜算。07:13But of course,neither African-American men or white womenneeded to combine a rac

30、e and gender discrimination claimto tell the story of the discrimination they were experiencing.当然,非裔美国人和白人女性也并不需要 结合种族和性别 来讨论他们受到的歧视。07:24Why wasnt the real unfairness laws refusal to protectAfrican-American women simply because their experienceswerent exactly the same as white women and African-Am

31、erican men?为什么真正不公平的法律 拒绝保护非裔美国女性不是仅仅因为她们的经历 与白人女性和非裔美国男性的不完全相同？07:39Rather than broadening the frame to include African-American women,the court simply tossed their casecompletely out of court.与其将框架拓宽到把非裔美国女性包含进来。法院选择对她们的案子置之不理07:55Now,as a student of antidiscrimination law,as a feminist,asan antir

32、acist,I was struck by this case.作为反歧视法的学习者,作为女权主义者,作为反歧视者,我被这个案子震惊到了。08:06preferential:adj.优先的;选择的;特惠的;先取的 swings:n.摇摆,改变,冲力(swing的复数形式);(复数)秋千/v.摇摆,使旋转(swing的单三形式)unfairness:n.不公平,不公正;不正当 Rather than:而不是;宁可也不愿 broadening:n.扩展;光增宽/v.放宽;扩张(broaden的ing形式)/adj.加宽的 tossed:扔/后甩/抛硬币的方法/辗转反侧 antidiscrimina

33、tion:adj.反种族歧视的;反歧视的 feminist:n.男女平等主义者/adj.主张男女平等的It felt to me like injustice squared.给我的感觉就像社会不公正大获全胜。08:17So first of all,black women werent allowed to work at theplant.首先,黑人女性不允许在这个公司工作;08:21Second of all,the court doubled down on this exclusion bymaking it legally inconsequential.其次,法庭让这件事情变得微

34、不足道 对它进行了双重否定;08:27And to boot,there was no name for this problem.最后,这个问题不了了之。08:35And we all know that,where theres no name for a problem,you cant see a problem,and when you cant see a problem,you pretty much cant solve it.我们都知道,有实无名的问题 根本就不会被人们注意到;如果人们都没有注意到,一般也解决不了。08:39Many years later,I had com

35、e to recognize that the problemthat Emma was facing was a framing problem.多年之后,我意识到 艾玛遇到的问题其实是因为我们思维受限。08:50The frame that the court was using to see genderdiscrimination or to see race discrimination was partial,and itwas distorting.审判人员们审视 性别或者种族歧视时用到的框架是不全面并且歪曲的。08:59For me,the challenge that I f

36、aced was trying to figure outwhether there was an alternative narrative,a prism thatwould allow us to see Emmas dilemma,对我来说,我面临的挑战是 能不能找到另一种描述方法。通过这种方法,我们可以体会到她面临的困境,09:10squared:adj.方格的;成正方形的/v.使成正方形;求平方值(square的ing形式)first of all:adv.首先 exclusion:n.排除;排斥;驱逐;被排除在外的事物 inconsequential:adj.不重要的;不合理的;

37、不合逻辑的 framing:n.框架;设计;取景;组帧/v.制定;构造;装框子(frame的ing形式)distorting:扭曲/歪曲 narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述/adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的 prism:n.棱镜;晶体数棱柱 dilemma:n.困境;进退两难;两刀论法a prism that would allow us to rescue her from the cracks inthe law,that would allow judges to see her story.将她从灰色地带中解救出来,让法官能够看到她的故事。09:22So it occurred

38、to me,maybe a simple analogy to an我突然想到,或许将这个问题简单比喻成十字路口So it occurred to me,maybe a simple analogy to anintersection might allow judges to better see Emmasdilemma.可以让法官们更好地了解艾玛的困境。09:33So if we think about this intersection,the roads to theintersection would be the way that the workforce wasstructu

39、red by race and by gender.照这样想,组成十字路口的两条路就好比 劳动力中性别和种族这两种组成。09:44And then the traffic in those roads would be the hiringpolicies and the other practices that ran through those roads.在路上行驶的车辆就会是 现行的招聘政策和各种条例。09:56Now,because Emma was both black and female,she waspositioned precisely where those roads

40、 overlapped,experiencing the simultaneous impact of the companysgender and race traffic.因为艾玛同时是黑人和女性,她恰好处于两条路交界的地方,因此经历工作场合中 性别和种族的双重影响。10:05The law the law is like that ambulance that shows up andis ready to treat Emma only if it can be shown that she washarmed on the race road or on the gender roa

41、d but notwhere those roads intersected.法律就好像是救护车,随时准备对艾玛进行治疗,但它只会在艾玛在种族或者性别任一条路上受伤时才出现,而并不会在交叉的地方出现。10:25analogy:n.类比；类推；类似 intersection:n.交叉;十字路口;交集;交叉点 structured:adj.有结构的;有组织的/v.组织;构成(structure的过去分词);建造 positioned:adj.放置的/v.放置;确定的位置(position的过去分词)overlapped:adj.重叠,重叠的 simultaneous:adj.同时的；联立的；同时发

42、生的/n.同时译员 harmed:损害/伤害/免于伤害/将不受损害 intersected:adj.分割的/v.分割(intersect的过去分词);交叉;横穿So what do you call being impacted by multiple forces andthen abandoned to fend for yourself?所以你怎么去称谓这种受到多重来源的影响 接下来又全部放弃以求自保？10:43Intersectionality seemed to do it for me.交叉性似乎能够满足我对它的定义。10:53I would go on to learn that

43、 African-American women,likeother women of color,like other socially marginalized peopleall over the world,were facing all kinds of dilemmas andchallenges as a consequence of intersectionality,intersections of race and gender,of heterosexism,transphobia,xenophobia,ableism,all of these socialdynamics

44、 come together and create challenges that aresometimes quite unique.我会继续去了解非裔美国女性,就像其他有色人种的女性一样,就像全世界其他处在社会边缘的人一样,他们都在面对各种各样的困境和挑战。这些困境和挑战都是由交叉性带来的,比如种族和性别的交叉,由异性恋主义、变性恐惧、仇外心理、体能歧视带来的交叉,所有这些社会动向聚集到一起 就会带来有时候十分特别的挑战。10:58But in the same way that intersectionality raised ourawareness to the way that b

45、lack women live their lives,it alsoexposes the tragic circumstances under which African-American women die.但同样的道理,这种交叉性 也使得我们注意到黑人女性生活的方式,向我们展示了非裔美国女性 死去时的惨境。11:35impacted:adj.压紧的;结实的;嵌入的;(人口)稠密的/v.装紧;挤满(impact的过去分词)abandoned:adj.被抛弃的;无约束的;/v.抛弃(abandon的过去式和过去分词)fend:vt.谋生;保护;挡开;供养/vi.照料;供养;力争 go on

46、 to:接着,继续去;转入;延续到marginalized:使边缘化/忽略/排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词)dilemmas:n.困境(dilemma的复数)intersections:n.交集,交叉点(intersection的复数形式);交十字路口 transphobia:对变性者的恐惧 xenophobia:n.仇外;对外国人的畏惧和憎恨 dynamics:n.动力学,力学 exposes:暴露/揭露Police violence against black women is very real.针对非裔美国女性的警察暴力事件 并不少见。11:54The level of

47、 violence that black women face is such that itsnot surprising that some of them do not survive theirencounters with police.黑人女性受到的暴力程度之深,以至于一些人在遇到警察之后 就没能存活下来。12:00Black girls as young as seven,great grandmothers as old as95 have been killed by the police.下至七岁的黑人幼女,上至过九旬的黑人老妪,都有被警察杀害的案例。12:11Theyve

48、 been killed in their living rooms,that state violenceagainst black bodies is being discussed.她们在自家客厅、还是其他陈述针对黑人群体的暴力行为的议题中。12:21But saying her name is not enough.然而仅仅说出她的名字是远远不够的,14:30We have to be willing to do more.我们要做的还有很多。14:33We have to be willing to bear witness,to bear witness to theoften p

49、ainful realities that we would just rather not confront,the everyday violence and humiliation that many blackwomen have had to face,black women across color,age,gender expression,sexuality and ability.我们要能够接受眼前的现实,接受那些经常是十分痛苦的现实,那些我们不愿面对的现实,那些黑人女性每天都会面对的暴力和羞辱 针对黑人女性肤色,年龄,性别表达 性取向和能力等等14:36So we have

50、 the opportunity right now bearing in mindthat some of the images that Im about to share with youmay be triggering for some to collectively bear witness tosome of this violence.所以我们现在有个机会 来铭记我接下来将会与大家分享的一些图片 去见证这种暴力 这对于一些人来说可能会很有触动性15:01encounters:v.遭遇(encounter的第三人称单数);邂逅/n.遭遇战(encounter的复数);相见 gra