初中英语2024届中考语法复习非谓语动词知识讲解.doc

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1、中考英语语法复习非谓语动词知识讲解非谓语动词，又称非限定性动词，不能单独用作谓语，而是承担其他的句子成分，这样的动词没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动词可以分为动词不定式、动名词、分词三种。一、动词不定式1.动词不定式有两种形式，一种是带to的不定式，一种是不带to的不定式。2.动词不定式的构成：一般形式：to+动词原形否定形式：not/never+to+动词原形3.动词不定式的特征特征例句及物动词的不定式后可以跟宾语She asked me to answer the phone. 她让我去接电话。It is necessary to know something about computers.

2、 了解一些电脑知识很有必要。可以被状语修饰The teacher asked me to read the text aloud. 老师要求我大声朗读文章。I was told to study hard. 有人告诉我要努力学习。没有人称和数的变化He wants to visit his friend. 他想去拜访朋友。She liked to swim when she was a little girl. 她小时候喜欢游泳。可以有自己的逻辑主语，常由for或of结构引出It is kind of you to help me. 你能帮我真好。It is important for us

3、to work hard. 对我们来说努力工作很重要。4.动词不定的功能动词不定式结构可以在句中充当不同的句法成分。功能例句作主语To lieis not the right thing to do. 撒谎是不对的。To dowhat you should do is the best method in the current situation. 在当前的情形下，最好的办法是做你应该做的。作宾语You must learnto manageyour time. 你必须学着管理 自己的时间。He refusedto workin that company. 他拒绝在那家公司工作。I have

4、 no choice butto leave. 我别无选择只有离开。（作介词宾语）作表语You seemto be disappointed. 你似乎很失望。My dream isto be a scientist. 我的梦想是成为一名科学家。作定语I have nothingto worry about. 我没有什么可担心的。He is the lastto hand inthe homework. 他是最后一个交作业的。作状语I will goto Beijingto take a holiday. 我将去北京度假。It is too lateto apologize. 道歉为时已晚。I

5、rushedto the stationonly to find the train had left. 我冲向火车站却发现车己开走。作插入语To be honest, I have made my mind to leave you. 说实话，我已决定离开你。To start with, you shouldnt tell him the truth. 首先，你不应该告诉他真相。二、动名词动名词是非谓语动词的一种，由动词原形加-ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词相当于名词，同时具有动词的性质，后面可以跟宾语、状语、表语。动名词在句中通常可以作主语、宾语或表语等。动名词在句中可以有不同的句法功

6、能，如下：功能例句作主语Readingoriginal novels is a good way to learn English. 读英文原版小说是学英语的好方法。Discussingwith others is an effective way to solve problems. 和别人讨论是解决问题的好方法。作宾语Please avoidquarrelingwith team members. 请避免和队友发生争吵。The teacher advisedtakinga different method to solve the problems. 老师建议采取不同方法解决那个问题。作表

7、语Seeing isbelieving. 眼见为实。The first thing isdecidingwhat you want to do. 首要的事情是决定你想做什么。Our main task israisingenough money. 我们的首要任务是筹集足够的资金。作定语She is nowstudyingin thereadingroom. 她现在在阅览室学习。Do you know where theswimmingpool is？你知道游泳池在哪吗？作同位语His habit,readingan English novel every night, remains unch

8、anged. 他每晚读英语小说的习惯一直未改变。三、分词分词也是非谓语动词，有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词由动词原形加-ing构成。现在分词兼有动词（可以带状语和宾语）和形容词（可以做定语）的性质。1.现在分词的形式：时态语态主动形式被动形式一般时doingbeing done完成时having donehaving being done注意：现在分词的否定形式是在doing这前加not2.现在分词的功能：功能例句作表语What he said to me isencouraging. 他对我说的话很让人鼓舞。This book isinterestingto read. 这本书读起来

9、很有趣。作定语He is in anembarrassingsituation. 他处于一个尴尬地境地。A mangettingup early is usually ahard-workingman. 早起的人往往都很勤奋。The acid rain haslong-lastingeffects on the farmland. 酸雨对农田有长久的影响。作补足语I find the movie veryinteresting. 我发现这部电影很有趣。I saw himsinging.我看到他在唱歌。作状语Hearing the news that his mother was ill, he

10、 felt very sad. 听到妈妈生病的消息，他很伤心。Livingfar from the office, he has to get up early every morning. 由于住得离公司远，他每天早上不得不早早起床。3.过去分词也是一种非限定性动词，大部分动词的过去分词一般只有一种，但少数动词的过去分词有两种不同形式，例如：原形过去分词bearborn生；borne负担lightlit照亮；lighted燃着的getgot得到；gotten得到的shrinkshrunk被收缩；shrunken收缩的hanghung悬挂；hanged绞死strikestruck打击；stri

11、cken被打击的rotrotted腐烂；rotten腐烂的sinkSunk陷下；sunken陷下去的4.过去分词的功能：功能例句作表语I amexcitedto receive a gift from you. 收到你的礼物我很兴奋。What isneededhas beenprepared. 需要的东西已经准备好了。He dont want to beinvolvedwith that. 他不想卷入那件事中。作定语I was asked to provide awrittenreport. 有人让我提供一份书面报告。He agreed with aforcedsmile. 他勉强笑着同意了。

12、Cannedfood is not good for health. 罐装食品不利于健康。作补足语Keep you eyesshutfor a while. 请把眼睛闭上待一会。I find my spiritliftedevery time I help others. 每当我帮助别人时，发现自己的精神境界提升了。I had my haircutyesterday. 我昨天把头发剪了。作状语United, we stand;divided, we fall. 团结则胜，分裂则败。Givenhis age, he has done a good job. 考虑到他的年龄，他做得很不错了。Ser

13、iouslyinjured, she had to be sent to hospital. 由于伤势严重，她必须被送到医院。5.伴随状语除了以上用法，分词常常用作伴随状语。伴随状语：指的是状语表示的动作伴随着主句的动作发生，也就是说伴随状语的动作或状态是伴随着句子的谓语动词而发生或存在的。伴随状语出现的条件：一个主语发出两个动作同一个主语处于两种状态同一个主语发出一个动作，同时又伴随着另一个动作（注：伴随状语的逻辑主语可以是全句的主语，也可以与主句的主语不同；伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。）伴随状语的表示方法：表示方法例句分词My younger sister sat i

14、n the sofa,watchingTV. 我妹妹坐在沙发上看电视。The teacher entered the classroom,followedby his students. 老师走进了教室，他的学生跟在后面。with复合结构She lay awake,withthe light on. 她躺着睡不着，开着灯。My father was out,withthe door open. 门开着，我爸爸出去了。独立主格I go to park every weekend,my dog accompanying me. 我每周去公园，我的狗都陪着我。形容词（短语）He went to th

15、e office,full of angry. 他怒气冲冲地去了办公室。His uncle left homeyoung.他的叔叔很小的时候就离开家了。名词The boy went awaya servantbut returneda boss. 这个男孩离开时是个佣人，回来时成了老板。介词短语She go upstairsout of breath. 她上气不接下气地上了楼。My younger brother said what had happenedin tears. 我弟弟哭着讲述发生的事情。伴随状语的具体用法：具体用法例句使用with复合结构的情况with+名词+形容词My mot

16、her often sleepswith the door open. 我妈妈经常开着门睡觉。with+名词+副词I was in the habit of sleepingwith the light onwhen I was young. 我小时候习惯开着灯睡觉。with+名词+介词短语The boy came into the teachers officewith a pen in his hand. 这个男孩手里拿着一支笔走进了老师的办公室。with+名词+现在分词The young mother left the housewith her baby crying. 那个年轻妈妈离

17、开了房间任由她的孩子哭泣。with+名词+过去分词My younger sister sat therewith her eyes filledwith tears of anguish. 我妹妹坐在那里，眼里噙满伤心的泪水。with+名词+不定式The teacher is very busy nowwith a lot of things to deal with.老师现在很忙有很多事情等着处理。使用独立主格的情况名词/代词+现在分词The sea level rising, they had to move to another place. 海平面涨了，他们不得不搬到其他地方。名词/代

18、词+不定式Much work to do, the works must work overtime. 有很多工作要做，工人们必须加班。名词/代词+形容词She came back home,her hands redwith cold. 有很多工作要做，双手冻得通红。名词/代词+副词My father is lying in bed,light on. 我父亲躺在床上，灯亮着。名词/代词+介词短语John came in the classroom,a book under his arm. 约翰走进教室，胳膊底下夹着一本书。用形容词（短语）的情况Linda left home,full o

19、f fear. 琳达满怀恐惧地离开家。He became famousyoung. 他年轻时就成名了。用名词（短语）的情况He came this citya poor auto-repair man. 他来这个城市时是个穷困的汽车修理工。The old man returned his hometowna millionaire. 这个老人回到家长时是个百万富翁。用介词短语的情况The little boy run up to meout of breath. 那个小男孩上气不接下气地向我跑来。How can you go to your friends birthday partyin rags? 你怎能穿得这么破去参加你朋友的派对呢？5