MarcKoska_2009G[马克.科什卡][重新设计注射器的130万个理由].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read a newspaperarticle which said that one day syringes would be one of themajor causes of the spread of AIDS,the transmission of AIDS.25年以前我读过 一篇文章，说有一天 注射器将会成为 艾滋病传播的 和感染的最主要途径00:12I thought this was unacceptable.So I decided to dosomething about

2、 it.绝不可如此。所以我想略尽微薄之力。00:23Sadly,its come true.Malaria,as we all know,killsapproximately one million people a year.不幸的是，这件事已成为现实。众所周知，疟疾每年会导致约一百万人死亡。00:27The reuse of syringes now exceeds that and kills 1.3 millionpeople a year.岂料因重复使用注射器而导致的死亡人数已超过了疟疾，每年它会杀死130万人。00:33This young girl and her friend

3、that I met in an orphanage inDelhi,were HIV positive from a syringe.照片里面的这个小女孩和她的朋友 是我在德里的孤儿院碰到的 因为使用已用过的注射器而感染了艾滋病。00:40And what was so sad about this particular story was thatonce their parents had found out,and dont forget,theirparents took them to the doctor,the parents threw them outon the stre

4、et.更为不幸的是 当他们的父母发现之后 他们的父母就带他们去医生那里做检查。确认之后，就把他们遗弃了00:49And hence they ended up in an orphanage.最后他们就成了孤儿。01:01syringes:n.耳咽管;鸣管 Malaria:n.内科疟疾;瘴气 approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于 reuse:n.重新使用,再用/vt.再使用 exceeds:vt.超过;胜过/vi.超过其他 orphanage:n.孤儿院;孤儿身份 syringe:vt.注射,冲洗/n.注射器;洗涤器 out onthe street:无家可归;失业And i

5、t comes from situations like this where you have eitherskilled or unskilled practitioners,blindly giving an injectionto someone.这样的情况 无论是在熟练还是不熟练的护士身上都会发生 盲目的给人注射01:04And the injection is so valuable,that the people basicallytrust the doctor,being second to God,which Ive heardmany times,to do the ri

6、ght thing.But in fact theyre not.因为注射很贵 所以人们通常都很相信医生 仅次于相信上帝，我经常听别人说 医生们总是对的，但是，事实上，他们不总是对的01:12And you can understand,obviously,the transmissionproblem between people in high-virus areas.正如你们所料，这种问题 于HIV病毒盛行的地方的严重性。01:23This video we took undercover,which shows you over a halfan hour period,a tray

7、of medicines of 42 vials.现在看一下我们在印度的公立医院里面拍的这个小视频，于半小时以内 托盘里面一共有42剂药01:29Which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a publichospital in India.但是仅仅使用了2支注射器01:37And over the course of half an hour,not one syringe wasfilmed being unwrapped.在半个小时里面，再也没有 打开一支新的注射器01:42They started with two and the

8、y ended with two.开始用两个最后还是那两个01:46And youll see,just now,a nurse coming back to the tray,which is their sort of modular station,and dropping thesyringe shes just used back in the tray for it to be picked upand used again.看，一个护士走到托盘这里 这是他们放注射器的地方 把刚刚用过的注射器扔到里面 走到托盘这里，拿起来接着用01:49unskilled:adj.不熟练的;拙劣的

9、;无需技能的/v.不熟练;无技能(unskill的过去式和过去分词形式)practitioners:n.实践者;开业者;实习者(practitioner的复数)blindly:adv.盲目地;轻率地;摸索地 second to:次于;仅次于的 vials:n.小瓶;药水瓶/vt.装入小瓶 modular:adj.模块化的;模数的;有标准组件的So you can imagine the scale of this problem.你想想这个问题有多么严重02:01And in fact in India alone,62 percent of all injections givenare u

10、nsafe.事实上，仅仅在印度，62%的注射 根本就不安全。02:04These kids in Pakistan dont go to school.巴基斯坦的这些小孩根本不上学02:10They are lucky.They already have a job.他们比较“幸运”。他们找到了工作02:12And that job is that they go around and pick up syringesfrom the back of hospitals,wash them,and in the course ofthis,obviously picking them up t

11、hey injure themselves.工作就是在医院后面到处转 拾起用过的注射器 洗干净，然后洗的时候 尤其是捡这些注射器的时候经常会划伤流血。02:14And then they repackage them and sell them out on marketsfor literally more money than a sterile syringe,in the firstplace.Which is quite bizarre.然后冲洗包装，且拿到市场上面去卖 因为这样可以挣更多的钱 跟一个消毒的注射器相比的话。太怪了02:23TED演讲者：Marc Koska|马克.科什

12、卡演讲标题：Marc Koska:1.3m reasons to re-invent the syringe|重新设计注射器的130万个理由内容概要：Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designingdangerous medical tools-and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics.每年因为资金不足而重复使用的注射器导致130万人死亡。Marc Koska通过数据、图片和偷拍的录像向我们展示了这个

13、世界性的问题。他跟我们分享了他的解决方案:一种低廉的不可重复使用的注射器。In an interesting photo,their father,while we were talking tohim,picked up a syringe and pricked his finger-这个照片比较有意思。当我们跟他们爸爸聊天的时候 他拿起一个注射器，刺破了他的手指02:31I dont know whether you can see the drop of blood on theend-and immediately whipped out a box of matches,liton

14、e,and burned the blood off the end of his finger,givingme full assurance that that was the way that you stoppedthe transmission of HIV.不知道你们有没有看到注射器末端的的那滴血 然后他打开一盒火柴 点着，烧掉了从他指头尖往下滴的那滴血 信誓旦旦地保证 这样做就能阻止HIV的传播02:36injections:n.注射(injection的复数);注射剂;注射室 unsafe:adj.不安全的;危险的;不安稳的 in the course of:在过程中;在期间

15、repackage:vt.重新包装;重新装配 sterile:adj.不育的;无菌的;贫瘠的;不毛的;枯燥乏味的 in the first place:首先;起初 bizarre:adj.奇异的(指态度，容貌，款式等)pricked:v.刺痛;受责备(prick的过去分词)/adj.刺痛的 assurance:n.保证,担保;(人寿)保险;确信;断言;厚脸皮,无耻In China,recycling is a major issue.在中国，注射器的回收是个大问题02:51And they are collected en mass-you can see the scale of ither

16、e-and sorted out,by hand,back into the right sizes,andthen put back out on the street.注射器被成堆的堆在这里，这个图里面能看出来然后手工按照注射器大小分类 然后分好类，弄在一起02:55So recycling and reuse are the major issues here.所以，注射器的回收和再利用 在中国是个很大的问题03:04But there was one interesting anecdote that I found inIndonesia.我还在印度尼西亚发现了一个有趣的事03:09

17、In all schools in Indonesia,there is usually a toy seller in theplayground.在印度尼西亚的学校里边 通常学校操场旁边会有卖玩具的03:12The toy seller,in this case,had syringes,which they usuallydo,next door to the diggers,which is obviously what youwould expect.这里面这个卖玩具的 他们通常也卖注射器 跟你猜的差不多 他们是从拾荒者那里弄来的03:16And they use them,in t

18、he breaks,for water pistols.这些孩子课间的时候拿这些注射器当水枪玩03:24They squirt them at each other.Which is lovely and innocent.他们总是灌上水互相喷着玩。挺可爱，也挺天真03:26And they are having great fun.他们玩的也很高兴03:28But they also drink from them while theyre in their breaks,because its hot.但是有的时候他们也用注射器喝水 尤其是课间休息的时候，他们经常这样，因为天很热03:30

19、recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用/v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词)put back:放回原处;推迟;倒退;妨碍 anecdote:n.轶事;奇闻;秘史 next door to:几乎;与相邻 diggers:掘土派 pistols:n.军手枪(pistol的复数)/v.用手枪射击(pistol的三单形式)squirt:n.喷射;注射/vt.喷湿/vi.喷出And they squirt the water into their mouths.他们对着嘴用水枪喷水03:34And these are used with traces of blood visibl

20、e.这些水枪里面有的时候会有血迹03:37So we need a better product.And we need betterinformation.所以我们需要一种更好的注射器，让大家都知道怎么正确使用注射器03:42And I think,if I can just borrow this camera,I was going toshow you my invention,which I came up with.我想，能不能拍一下这个 这就是我的发明 我自己想出来的03:44So,its a normal-looking syringe.恩，很普通的一个注射器。03:54You

21、 load it up in the normal way.This is made on existingequipment in 14 factories that we license.使用跟普通的注射器完全一样。有14个我们给了许可证 的企业里面都能生产。03:56You give the injection and then put it down.你注射完然后扔到一边04:02If someone then tries to reuse it,it locks and breaksafterwards.如果有人想重新使用这个注射器的话 这个注射器就会自锁，再也没法用了04:05It

22、s very very simple.Thank you.非常非常简单。谢谢大家。04:09(Applause)And it costs the same as a normal syringe.（掌声）这种新型注射器与普通的注射器成本完全一样04:11And in comparison,a Coca-Cola is 10 times the price.对比一下，大约仅相当于一瓶可口可乐 价钱的十分之一。04:16And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.同时呢，如果用这种注射器，那种一个注射器用二三十次的事情就再也不会发生了。0

23、4:20And I have an information charity which has done huge scaleamount of work in India.我在印度做了 很多免费的宣传04:23factories:n.工厂,车厂(factory复数形式)reusing:n.再利用;反复利用/vt.再使用;重复使用(reuse的现在分词)And were very proud of giving information to people So thatlittle kids like this dont do stupid things.我们竭尽全力把这种信息告诉人们 这样，小孩子就再也不干这种傻事了。04:29Thank you very much.谢谢大家。04:34(Applause)（掌声）04:36*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*