第二讲句子结构学历案初升高英语衔接课程.docx

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1、高一英语衔接课程学历案句子结构一Warmup：一句多译:请尝试着用三种不同句型翻译下面这个句子。我是李华。今年16岁了。答案:I am Li Hua. I am sixteen years old.I am Li Hua, and I am sixteen years old.I am Li Hua who is sixteen years old.思考：上述的三个英语句子分别是什么样的句子结构？请大家尝试说出你是怎么 判断出来的？ 答：简单句，并列句和复合句。只有一个主谓的句子就是简单句。由并列连词 and等连接的两个或者两个以上简单句就是并列句。由从属连词who等连接的一 个主句和一个或者

2、一个以上的从句就是复合句。简单句五大基本句子结构一.同桌讨论，尝试着划分以下句子的句子成分。1.1 am a student.主系表2. Everyone laughed.主谓3. I want a return ticket.1市 s4. Mary lent me her car.主 SS5. We call her Alice.主 谓 宾 宾补思考：上述五个1子分别构成了英语简单句的五大基本句子结构，那么这五大基 本句子结构分别是什么？这些句子有什么样的特征？答案：L 主+系+表(S.+L.+P.)2.主+谓(S.+V.)3.主+谓+宾(S.+V.+O.)4.主+谓+间宾+直宾(S.+V.

3、+O.+O.)5.主+谓+宾+宾补(S.+V+O.+C.)这些句子都是只有一个主谓的句子，都被称为简单句。二.句子结构的五大基本类型。基本句型一：主+谓(S.+Vi.)eg：(1) The red sun rises in the east.(2) Prices are going down.(3) His parents have worked in the pany for ten year.请你分析下列句子结构。(1) The first impression matters.答案：主+谓(S.+V.)(2) The plane has already arrived.答案：主+谓(S.

4、+V)(3) Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the years.答案：主+谓(S.+V.)常见的不及物动词有：appear 出现、apologize 道歉、arrive 到达、e 过来、die 死、disappear 消失、 exist存在、fall落下、happen发生、rise升起等。基本句型二：主+谓+宾(S.+V+O.)Eg:(1) They are reading books.(2) He bought a puter last week.(3) He imagines being a teacher.此句型句子

5、的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能 表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类 动词叫做及物动词。请你划分下列句子的句子结构。(1) The train is building up speed.答案：主+谓+宾(S.+V+O.)(2) A large tree provides shade.答案：主+谓+宾(S.+V+O.)(3) I want to talk with you this afternoon.答案：主+谓+宾(S.+V+O.)(4) I have rich experience in organizing outdoor

6、activities.答案：主+谓+宾(S.+V.+O.)基本句型三：主+系+表(S.+L.+P.)eg:(1) My mother is a scientist.(2) My health has grown better.(3) The food tastes very delicious.连系动词的分类：1 .基本形式：Be (am, is, are) 过去式 (was, were)2 .表示“似乎，看起来像，seem看起来、appear相似、显得。3 .表示变化，bee成为、grow turn fall get、go e run等 用来表示主语 变成什么样。4 .感官动词一共5个，包括

7、：look看起来、sound听起来、smell闻起来、taste 尝起来、feel感觉起来。(注意：感官动词可以接形容词作表语；也可以加like 接名词。)5 .表示状态，keep保持、remain stay保持、stand保持等用来表示主语继续 或保持一种状况或态度。翻译句子。1 .那些图画非常漂亮。Those pictures are very beautiful.2 .汤已经馒了。The soup has gone bad.3 .你们在医院要保持安静。You should remain quiet in the hospital.4 .他似乎很伤心。He seems to be very

8、 sad.5 .那道食物闻起来很棒。That food really smells good.基本句型四：主+谓+间宾+直宾(S.+V+o.+O.)Eg:(1)1 made him a telegram.(2) David showed me the way.(3) Someone left you this note.请思考：请问间接宾语和直接宾语有什么区别？你是怎么判断的?(答：间接宾语是谓语动词的间接对象，也就是说谓语动作为谁而做。直接宾语是谓语动词的直接对象。)如果句子意思不变，上述三个句子又可以写成什么呢？答：(1) He made a telegram for me.(2) Dav

9、id showed the way to me.(3) Someone left this note for you.归纳：to和for有什么区别呢？你能想象出需借助to的动词还有哪些？需借助 for的动词还有哪些？答：t。侧重动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。诸如此类的词还有：bring/gi ve/lend/offer/pass/promise/return/send/sho w/teach/tell/write/ask. ofor侧重动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。诸如此类的词还有： buy/call/make/get.。请分析下列句子的句子结构并写出其同义句。(1) She m

10、ade me a beautiful dress.答案:S.+V.+o.+O. She made a beautiful dress for me.(2) He brings me cookies every day.答案：S.+V.+o.+O.She brings cookies to me every day.(3) Mr Johnson taught us English last year.答案：S.+V.+o.+O. Mr Johnson taught English to us last year.5 .主+谓+宾+宾补(S.+V+O.+C.)Eg:(1) We must keep

11、 our classroom clean and tidy.(2) They painted the door green.(3) All of us considered him honest.(4) He has his hair cut once a month.归纳：请问大家是如何判断出宾补的？你还能想想出其他的常跟宾补的动词么？答：宾语与宾补存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。比如：notice, observe, see, watch, look at,make, have, let, listen to, hear, feel 等(5 看 3 听 2 听 1 感) 请你划分下列句子的句子结构

12、。(1)1 have set the thief free.答案：主+谓+宾+宾补(S.+V+O.+C.)(5) The guards ordered us to leave at once.答案：主+谓+宾+宾补(S.+V+O.+C.)(6) We hear him read English just now.答案：主+谓+宾+宾补(S.+V.+O.+C)基本句型巧记歌诀：英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类看动词，后接成分是关键。系词之后接表语，不及物后无需连。及物又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见。还有宾语补足语,各种搭配记心间。三.练习1 .根据所学知识分析下列句子结构。(1) They

13、work hard.主+谓(S.+V)(2) The flower is dead.主+系+表(S.+L.+P.)(3) He gives me some money.主+谓+间宾+直宾(S.+V.+o.+O.)(4) We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补(S.+V.+O.+C.)(5 )He kept me a textbook.(6) Singing makes me happy.(7) He is a scientist.(8) We find the book very interesting.(9) He hates bein

14、g laughed at.主+谓+间宾+直宾(S.+V.+o.+O)主+谓+宾+宾补(S.+V+O.+C.) 士+系+表(S.+L.+P.)主+谓+宾+宾补(S.+V+O.+C.)主+谓+宾(S.+V+O.)(10) I know who will be our English teacher.主+谓+宾(S.+V+O.)2.翻译句子(1)我的爸爸给我买了本故事书。My father bought me a story book./ My father bought a story book for me.(2)我想让他成为一名医生I want him to be a doctor.(3)我们

15、都看到他在那里哭。We all saw him crying那ere.(4)在将来我们将会有一个幸福的生活。We will have a happy life in the future.(5)我是驻马店高级中学的一名学生。I am a student in Zhu Madian Senior High School.并列句句子结构一 .请同桌讨论，尝试着判断下列句子的类型。(1) We fished a day, but we didnt catch a thing.(2) He was tired, so he went to bed.(3) He likes English, and h

16、e is good at English.思考：你是怎么判断出来的？这些句子有什么样的特征。答：用并列连词(或者分号)把两个或者几个简单句连起来的句子叫做并列句。并列句的句子结构为简单句+并列连词+简单句二 .并列句的分类。1 .表示并列关系的并列连词。(1) The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.(2) She not only sings but also dances.(答案：both.and.,as well as.; neither.nor)2 .表示转折关系的并列连词。(1) The film is no

17、t good, but it is perfect.(2) I would like to go, but I was too busy.你还能想出类似这样的转折连词么？试着想一想，写一写！(答案:yet;while)3 .表示选择关系的并列连词。Take the chance, or you will regret.Hurry up, otherwise you will be late.注意：祈使句+and/or是一个固定句型，此句型中的祈使句在意义上相当于一个 由if引导的条件状语从句。Work hard, and you will pass the exam. =If you work

18、 hard, you will pass the exam.练习：翻译句子叫辆出租车，否则你就会错过这列火车。(答案： Call a taxi, or you will miss the train.=If you dont call a taxi, you will miss the train)你还能想出类似这样的选择连词么？试着想一想，写一写！(答案：either.or.,or else)4 .表示因果关系的并列连词。You had better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain.你还能想出类似这样的因果连词么？试着想一想，写一写！(答:

19、so)三.练习：请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并成一个并列句。(1) The child didnt go out. He was afraid of the dog.(2) He made a promise. He didnt keep it.(3) You must tell the truth. You will be punished.(答：(1) The child didnt go out, because be was afraid of the dog.(2) He made a promise, but he didnt keep it.(3) You must tell

20、me the truth, or you will be punished.)复合句句子结构一.请同桌讨论，尝试着判断下列句子的类型。(1) What he said at the meeting is very important.(2) I dont know how to answer the question(3) My suggestion is that we should do more reading(4) The news that we are going to have a sports meeting is true.(5) She is the girl who si

21、ngs best in our class.(6) She was reading a book when I came in.思考：1.你是怎么判断出来的？这些句子有什么样的特征。(答：复合句由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子，且主句和从句 之间用从属连词连接。其基本结构是：主句+从属连词+从句或者从属连词+从句 +主句)练习：请划出下列句子中的从属连词。(1)1 doubt whether they can finish the task on time.(2) The place which interested me most was the Childrens Palace

22、.(3) It sounds as if someone was knocking at the door.(4) The reason is that I miss the train.(5) If you are busy, please let me know.你还能想象出其他的从属连词么？whatever/whoever/whom/why/where/whose/when/while/Although/so/because/since/s o that/as/as though.)练习：1 .请朗读以下句子,划分下列句子的成分，并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种。(1) Our coun

23、try consumes a large number of plastic bags.主F 宾(2) The supnrthin bags are the main source of white pollution.主 系表(3) We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.主 谓宾补(4) The new rule came out.主 谓(5) Environmental groups wele the new rule. 主i(6) They can stop using plastic bags.主 谓 宾

24、(7) What is particularly positive is that it involves public participation. 主系 表(8) Shops dont offer 什ee plastic bags to theii consumers.主 谓 宾(9) Hong Kong and Australia a】e considering measures to curb plastic bag litter.主谓宾补(10) Chinese consumers have gotten used to free plastic shopping bags. 主谓宾

25、2 .请判断下列句子属于简单句，复合句还是并列句。八(1) What he says doesnt suit what he does.(2) We often study Chinese on Friday afternoon.(3) The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.(4) Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.(5) Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.(6) I hate math, while I like English.

26、(7) The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.(答案：复合句；简单句；复合句；并列句；简单句；并列句；复合句)3 一句多译。(1)汤姆生病了，他没有来学校。(2)这本书很有帮助。我看了这本书。(3)这个演唱会将在明天举行。这个演唱会很有趣。(4)我是一名学生。我的名字叫汤姆。答案；(1) Tom was ill. Tom didnt e to schoolTom was ill so he didnt e to school.Tom who didnt e to school was ill.(2) The novel is v

27、ery helpful. I read the book.The novel is very helpful so I read the book.I read the book which is very helpful.(3) The concert will be held tomorrow. The concert is very interesting.The concert will be held tomorrow and it is very interesting.The concert which will be held tomorrow is very interesting.(4) I am a student. My name is Tom.I am a student, and my name is Tom.I am a student who is named Tom.(I am a student named Tom)