高中英语外研版必修一全册知识点.docx

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1、高中英语必修一全册知识点Unit 1 A new start1. impression n.印象;感想【词汇拓展】impress vt.使钦佩;使敬仰；给留下深刻印象impressive adj.令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的make/leave/have a（n）. . impression on sb.给某人留下的印象impress sb. with sth.某事（物）给某人留下印象impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事be impressed by/with. .对印象深刻2. turn around 转身【词汇拓展】turn away转过脸去；把驱逐出去；解雇turn

2、down降低,减弱;拒绝turn back折回，往回走;使停止前进，挡住turn into变成;进入turn on打开turn off 关掉turn out生产；出产；结果是turn over反转;翻过来;翻身；移交turn to向求助;翻到（书页）；开始行动turn up把向上翻;卷起;出现，到来3. breathe v.呼吸【词汇拓展】breath n.呼吸；气息breathe in/out 吸气/呼气out of breath上气不接下气take a deep breath 深吸一口气hold one s breath 屏住呼吸4. in panic惊慌地【词汇拓展】get into a

3、 panic陷入惊慌中panic sb. into doing sth.使某人仓皇行事；使某人仓促行动Theres no panic.不用着急。There s no point getting into a panic about the exam. It s not as difficult as you imagine.5. embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难堪的【词汇拓展】embarrass vt.使尴尬;使难堪；使窘迫embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；令人困窘的embarrassment n.窘迫；令人困窘的人或物to one s embarrassment令某人尴

4、尬的是6. fit adj.健康的;强健的;合适的v.适合;合身;安装【词汇拓展】be fit for适合;胜任be fit to do 适合做（=She wou 1 d die rather than give a speech.） 她宁愿死也不愿意做演讲。I would rather be laughed at than quarrel with him.我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。【拓展】rather than 而不是or rather更确切的说would rather （not） do sth.宁愿（不）做某事would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事（用一般过

5、去时表示对现在和将来的虚拟） would rather sb. had done sth,宁愿某人做过某事（用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟） 注意：would rather后还可接动词的完成式，表示主语要做某事，而结果却事与愿违。 I d rather have left a note on her desk.我本想留张纸条在她书桌上的。（事实上没有留）3. this/it is true of 这也适用于【原句回放】This is true of France, Germany, and Spain, where discipline and respect for the teachers

6、is considered very important.法国、德国、西班牙就是这样，在这些国家里，遵守纪律和尊敬老师被认为是很重要的。【点拨】This is true of.是一个常用句型，意为“这也适用于This/That/The same/It is true of. 也是如此,也适用于【拓展】表示“也是如此”的句型还有：1. so+动词/情态动词/be动词+ sb. /sth.（用于肯定形式中）2. Neither/ Nor +动词/情态动词/be动词+ sb. /sth.（用于否定形式中）3. It is the same with sb. / sth.（用于含有两个或两个以上动词的

7、所有形式中，和the same is true of 通用）4. So it is with sb. / sth.（用于含有两个或两个以上动词的所有形式中，和the same is true of 通用）He has worked in the company for more than 10 years, and so have I.他在这家公司工作十多年了，我也是。Tom didn t mean to tell the secret. Neither did I.汤姆不是故意泄露秘密的，我也是如此。Jackson went to New York and would stay there

8、for two weeks. It is the same with his boss.杰克逊去了纽约，准备在那儿待两周。他老板也是一样。Unit 3 Family Matters【重点词汇】5. approach v.接近;靠近;走近approach sb./sth.靠近/接近某人/某物approach sb. for sth.为求助或提供某事物接近某人with sth. approaching 随着的来临【词汇拓展】approach n.接近;方法;途径；步骤;通道（an） approach to sth. /to doing sth.（做某事）的方法/途径at the approach

9、of.在快到的时候随着期末考试的临近，我变得越来越焦虑。With the approach of the final exam, I became more and more anxious.With the final exam approaching, I became more and more anxious.6. focus vi,集中注意；聚焦vt.使聚焦；使集中；（把）集中（于）n.焦点；（兴趣、活 动等的）中心focus on/upon 集中（注意力）于focus ones attention/mind on/upon .集中某人的注意力感于focus ones eyes on

10、/upon .注视If you focus your attention on your study, you will make rapid progress.如果你把精力放在学习上，你会取得快速的进步。in focus清晰的，焦距对准的out of focus模糊的，不清楚的；焦距没有对准的7. assume v.假定，认为，承担（责任）It is generally assumed that .普遍认为assuming （that）假设In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden with

11、in the work.在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家在作品中隐藏着一个秘密信息。 Let s assume him to be innocent.让我们假定他是清白的。It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力是由工作过重所致。-assumption n.假定，假设make an assumption/assumptions about 对作出假设on the assumption that 假定，假设8. respect v.尊敬，敬重n.尊敬，敬重；方面，细节；问候（复数）respect sb

12、. =show/have respect for sb.尊重某人respect oneself 自尊，自重respect sb. for sth.因某事而尊重某人She has always been honest with me, and I respect her for that.她一直对我很诚实，我因此而尊敬她。give/send my respects to sb.代我向某人问好/致意in this/that respect 在这/那方面in respect of/with respect to 关于; 就而言In respect of/With respect to your ch

13、ildren, please listen attentively to them without offering advice.关于你的孩子们，请你认真倾听他们诉说，不要提建议。frespectful adj.礼貌的；恭敬的-respectable adj.体面的；令人尊敬的respective adj.分别的，各自的9. ignore v.忽视，对不予理会f ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的 ignorance n.无矢口be ignorant of/about sth.不知道某事，对不了解10. suit v.适合f suitable adj.适合的suit . . to 使适

14、合be suitable for 适合于be suitable to do sth.适合做某事11. talent n.才能；天赋；人才f talented adj.有天赋的；有才能的have a talent for 有的天赋show a talent for 展现出的天赋12. responsible adj.（对事故、错误、罪行等）负有责任的，应承担责任的 -responsibility n.责任，义务be responsible for sth.对某事负责任；是某事的原因be responsible to sb.向某人负责任It is ones responsibility to do

15、 sth.做某事是某人的责任 take responsibility for 为负责13. observe v.庆祝，过（节日，生日等）；观察-observation n.观察observe sb. do sth.观察某人做某事（全过程）observe sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事14. range n.一系列；范围；种类vt.（在一定的范围内）变动/变化 a wide range of 一系列；各种各样的within （the）/in range of在可及的范围内beyond the/out of range of 超出的范围range from . . . to.在和

16、之间变化15. apologise v.道歉f apology n.道歉apologise to sb.向某人道歉apologise for （doing） sth.因为（做）某事而道歉make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事而向某人道歉16. settle v.和解,结束（争论）;定居f settler n.移民；定居者-settlement n.（解决纷争的）协议；解决；处理；（关于钱财转让的）协议（书） settle for勉强接受，将就 settle in在安家,定居，落户settle into迁入（新居）settle down定居，过安定的日子；（使）平静

17、下来17. obviously adv.明显地，显而易见地一obvious adj.明显的，显而易见的be obvious to sb.对某人来说显而易见It is obvious （to sb.） that .（对某人来说）很明显18. be proud of= take pride in以为傲，对感到骄傲proudly adv.自豪地；骄傲地pride n.自豪；骄傲；得意19. in the lead处于领先地位take the lead （in doing sth.）带头（做某事）play the lead/the lead role 主演lead sb. to sp.带某人去某处le

18、ad an invest!gation/inquiry/campaign 开展调查/询问/运动lead sb. into sth.使某人陷入（不良状态）lead sb. to do sth. /lead to sb. doing sth.导致某人做某事20. end up (尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于；到头来end up doing sth.以做某事结束；最终还是做了某事end up with 以结束【重点句子】1. Playing in a band is not a job. (P27)在乐队表演不是一份工作。本句的主语是动词-ing形式。当动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式

19、。动词-ing形式与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的、经常性、习惯性的动作；而不定式作主语表示偶尔的一次 形为。动名词作主语时，通常用来表示一件已知的事或经验；不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完 成的事或目的。不定式作主语，一般用it作形式主语，把作主语的不定式(短语)后置。Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe.眼见为实。2. I wish she had come! (P31)我希望她来过！3. With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place and h

20、is younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead. (P32)只剩下700米了，阿利斯泰尔布朗利名列第三，他的弟弟乔尼领先。4. But for Alistair, his decision was easy to explain: uMum wouldn5 t have been happy if r d left Jonny behind. ” (P33)但对阿利斯泰尔来说，他的决定很容易解释：“如果我把乔尼落下，妈妈会不高兴的JUnit 4 Friends Forever一、单词变形1. familiar adj.熟悉的-unfamiliar adj.

21、不熟悉的2. prefer vt.更喜欢-preference n.偏爱； 爱好3. deliver v.递送，传送- delivery n.交付，递送4. advance n进步, 进展一advanced adj,先进的，高级的5. significant adj.重大的f significantly adv,重大地，显著地f significance n.意义，重要性6. able adj.有能力的,能干的一enable v.使可能，使发生7. usual adj.通常的、惯例的,平常的 f unusual adj.异常的，不平常的usually adv.通常8. crime n.罪行，犯

22、罪活动- criminal n.罪犯9. date n.日期f update n.最新消息10. illustrate v.（举例）说明,阐明-illustration n.说明，插图11. inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的f inspire vt.鼓舞;激发;启示f inspired adj.受到鼓舞的- inspiration n.鼓舞；灵感12. anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的f anxiety n.担心;焦虑;渴望f anxiously adv.焦虑地二、重点单词和短语familiar adj.熟悉的13. 原句 P37） With no familiar f

23、aces in view看不到熟悉的面孔14. 1 I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the students. 我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。15. 2 The voices on the phone sounded familiar.电话里的声音很耳熟。造句回到熟悉的环境里让人松了一口气。It was a relief to be back in familiar surroundings.【知识拓展】（1） sb. be familiar with. .某人熟悉（主动）.be f

24、amiliar to sb.为某人所熟悉（被动）unfamiliar adj.陌生的，不熟悉的prefer vt,更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）（教材原句 P38） How do you prefer to communicate with friends every day?你喜欢如何每天与朋友交流？例 1 Which do you prefer, fish or meat?你更喜欢吃什么，鱼还是肉？例 2 Of the two cars, I prefer that red one.两辆小汽车中，我更喜欢那辆红色的。翻译就个人而言，我更喜欢沿长江旅行，它是中国最长的河，也是中华文明

25、的母亲河之OPersonally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the Mother Rivers of Chinese civilizations.【知识拓展】（l）prefer （sb.） to do sth.更喜欢（某人）做prefer （doing） sth.to （doing） sth.宁愿（做）某事也不愿（做）某事prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.=would rather do sth. than do sth.宁可也不prefer th

26、at. . （should） do sth.宁愿-preference n.偏爱； 爱好lose track of不了解的情况，不了解的动态；忘记How wou1d you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends?如果搬家到一个新的城镇意味着与你的朋友失去联系，那么你会感觉如何？例 lMary lost track of her friends at camp after summer.夏天过后，玛丽就和她一起宿营的朋友失去了联系。例 2His mind wou 1 d wander, and he wou

27、ld lose track of what he was doing.他会走神，忘了自己正在干什么。造句我们失去联系五年了。It is five years since we lost track of each other.【知识拓展】(l)keep track of与保持联系，了解的动态be on track稳步前进，走上正轨(2) track down追踪找到,追查到Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.由于科技的进

28、步，我们结交朋友与朋友、沟通的方式已经有了明显的改变。(1) thanks to归功于,多亏例 1Thanks to the timely help, many lucky people survived the earthquake.多亏了及时的帮助，很多幸运的人得以在地震中幸存下来。例 2Thanks to his strong constitution, Jack was able to pull through his recent serious illness.幸亏他体质好，杰克才得以平安度过了最近这场大病。造句多亏我队友的帮助，我准时完成了这项任务。Thanks to my te

29、ammates help, I finished the task on time.【知识拓展】表示“因为；由于”的短语还有：owing to, due to, because of, as a result of, on account of等。deliver vt递送，传递【词汇拓展】deliver sth. to sb.给某人送某物deliver a speech/lecture 演讲/讲课f delivery n.投递deliver n.递送人advance n.进步，进展；v.前进；促进；提出；提前adj.预先的，在前的例 lThere have been great advance

30、s in medicine in the last ten years.在过去十年里，医学取得了巨大的进步。例 2The strikers advanced on/towards us, shouting angrily.罢工的人愤怒地喊叫着向我们逼近。造句这是个很受欢迎的演出，所以一定要提前订票。It is a popular show, so advance booking is essential.【知识拓展】(2) in advance = ahead of time提前，预先in advance of.在前面；比进步/超前make an advance in sth.在某方面有进步f

31、 advanced adj.先进的；高级的up to忙于，从事着(尤指坏事)；在捣鬼Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.社交媒体工具让我们了解朋友的最新状态并维系友谊。例 1 What have you been up to this week?你这个星期一直忙什么呢？彳列 2 The children are very quiet. I wonder what they are up to.孩子们很安静，我想知道他们在搞什么鬼。造句我认为父亲想要知道目前我在做什么，

32、所以我决定给他发条短信。I think my father would like to know what Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a message.【知识拓展】up to其他用法：(1)达到程度或数量(相当于as far as)(2)表示时间限制，直到为止”(相当于till)(3)(体力或智力上),能胜任(相当于fit for)(4)由决定,取决于(常用于It is up to sb. to do sth.句型)tend v.易于做某事，往往会发生某事On social media sites, people tend

33、to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.在社交媒体网站上，人们往往只会将正面的最新信息展现出来，让他们看起来很快乐、很友 好。例 1 Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready.机遇和成功往往青睐于那些有准备的人。例 2People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。造句别人不同

34、意她的看法时，她很容易生气。She tends to get angry when others disagree with her.【知识拓展】(3) tend to do sth. 趋向做某事tend (to) sb. /sth.照顾/护理/看护tend towards 倾向，有助于f tendency n. 趋向； 倾向have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做；喜欢做prove v.证明，证实To prove that making friends was easier in the past.为了证明过去交友更容易。例 1She wants to prove tha

35、t she has brains as well as beauty.她想证明她既美丽又有智慧。例 2 Its a challenging job but Im sure youll prove equal to it.这是一份有挑战性的工作，但是我相信你会胜任的。造句去首都的旅行被证明是值得的。It proved worthwhile to make the trip to the capital city.【知识拓展】(1)prove sth. to sb.向某人证明某事prove that-clause 证明prove n. /to be结果是；证明是f proof n.证据distan

36、ce v.使与保持距离，撇清和的关系【词汇拓展】distance n.是巨离，远方in the distance 在远处from a distance 从远处at a distance (of)在远的地方，距离稍远keep one s distance (from)(与)保持距离keep sb. at a distance对某人冷淡，与某人疏远，与某人保持一定距离f distant adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的三、重点句型what if.倘使将会怎样What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing le

37、tters that took ages to be delivered?如果只有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息，你会怎样？句式分析：what if意为“倘若将会怎样；即使又有什么关系”例 1 What if he gets angry? Im a little worried.倘若他生气该怎么办？我有点儿担心。例 2 We ve already ordered a table. What if they do not come?我们已经定好了位子。要是他们不来该怎么办呢？造句那个提议听起来很诱人，但如果是个骗局会怎么样？It sounds like a good offer, b

38、ut what if its a trick?【知识拓展】(1)How come?用于口语交际中，表示疑惑，意为“为什么会这样呢，怎么搞的？ How come 还可以接从句或v. - ing形式。(2)So what?那又怎么样？(3) what for.为目的(4) what about. . . /how about. 怎么样(表建议)翻译既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这样糟糕？If she spent five years in Paris, how come her French is so bad?他比你小十五岁呢！He is fifteen years younger th

39、an you!那又怎么样？So what?whatever引导让步状语从句Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.无论我们爱好什么，互联网总能把我们与喜爱做这些事情的人联系起来，即使那些人生活在 世界的另一边。句式分析：whatever引导让步状语从句，其相当于no matter what,意为“不管什么，无论 什么”。例 1 Whatever you do,

40、you cant go against nature.无论你做什么，都不能违背自然规律。例 2 Whatever/No matter what you say, I wont believe you.无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。造句无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决它们。No matter what/Whatever difficulties we meet, we can work them out.【知识拓展】whatever/whoever/whichever这一类词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；而 however/wherever/whenever 一般只引导让步状语从句。翻

41、译既然我考试及格了，可以做任何我喜欢的事了。Now that I have passed my exams, I can do whatever I like.无论问题有多难，他都能回答。He can answer the question however hard it is.Unit 5 Into the World一、词汇变形1. annual adj. 一年一度的，每年的annually adv. 一年一度地2. determine v.测定，确定-determined adj.坚决的；有决心的f determination n.决心； 决定3. eventual adj.最后的；最终

42、的；结果的一eventually adv.终于，最终4. solve vt.解决；解答f solution n.解决，解决方法5. amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶f amazed adj.感到吃惊的-amazement n.惊奇f amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的6. survive vi.活下来, 幸存f survival n.幸存f survivor n.幸存者7. effect n.影响,结果f effective adj.有效的,有影响的-effectively adv.有效地二、重点词汇1. seek v.寻找【词汇拓展】seek one s fortune/fame 追求贝

43、才富/名誉seek after7for 寻找;追求seek sth. from sb.向某人寻求某物seek to do sth. (=try/attempt to do sth.)试图/企图做某事2. measure v.量,测量【词汇拓展】一take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事in some measure 在某种程度上economy measures 节约措施economic measures 经济措施f measurement n.测量3. determine v.测定;决定,确定;下决心【词汇拓展】determine to do sth.决定做某事f det

44、ermined adj.坚决的，有决心的be determined to do sth.坚决要做某事(状态) determination n.决心，果断【温馨提示】be determined (not) to do sth.表示状态，是一种延续状态，可以与表示一段时 间的状语连用，而determine to do sth.表示动作，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。4. solution n.解决，解决方法【词汇拓展】一 solve v.解决常见的后接介词to表示所属关系的名词还有:key, answer, monument, note,exit, entrance, bridge, road,

45、way, visit, invitation, reply 等key to the door开门的钥匙answer to the question 问题的答案exit to the building 楼房出口entrance to the building 楼房入口visit to my home到我家的拜访reply to the question 问题的回复invitation to his birthday 他的生日请帖5. amazing adj.令人惊奇的【词汇拓展】f amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊诧It amazes sb. that.=What amazes sb. is th

46、at. .使某人吃惊的是一 amazed adj.吃惊的，惊奇的(含有被动意义,一般和人连用，也可和人的表情、眼神等词连 用)be amazed at/by sb./sth.对感到惊讶be amazed to see/hear. .看到/听到感到惊讶f amazement n.惊奇，惊讶to one s amazement令某人惊奇的是in amazement 惊讶地6. destroy v.破坏，毁坏【词汇拓展】destroy one s hope/confidence 毁坏某人的希望/自信be completely/totally destroyed 被彻底毁坏f destruction n.毁坏f destructive adj.有破坏力的 destroyer n.破坏者ruin与damage, destroy都可以用作动词，表示“毁坏”的意思，但它们所表示的破坏程度及 含义不同。(Drui