全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语天津卷解析版.docx

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1、绝密启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分 钟。第I卷1至10页，第II卷”至12页。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形 码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷 和答题卡一并交回。祝各位考生考试顺利!注意事项:1 .每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。2 .本卷共55小题，共95分。第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单

2、项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：Stand over thereyoull be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. but D. while答案是B。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题L 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1635各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳 选项。1. 2018天津】一Wasnt Joan supposed to be here by now?. She will be here in about twenty minutes.B.

3、 Dont worryD. Enjoy yourselfA. All rightC. No wonder【1题答案】【答案】B 意识到；B.claim宣称；C. permit允许；D. demand要求。短语come to realize意为“开始意识到”。作者开 始意识到失败的原因是作者的队也许不是佐治亚州头号队伍。故选Ao【23题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：但他们都在依靠我A. reacting to对起反应；B. looking for寻找;C.d叩ending on依靠；D. caring about关心。这里指队员们都依赖作者，因为作者是主教练。故选C。【24题详解】本题

4、考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我不得不改变我对他们能力和潜力的态度。A. decision决定；B. attitude 态度；C. conclusion结论；D. intention意图。因为失败，作者不得不改变对队员们能力和潜力的态度。故选 Bo【25题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我开始尽我所能帮助他们树立一点自尊心。A. pride自豪，自尊心；B. culture文化；C. fortune幸运；D.relationship关系。因为失败，队员们很沮丧，所以作者开始做任何能做的 事情来帮助队员们建立一点自尊心。故选A。【26题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：更重要的是，

5、我开始像获胜者对待他们。A. leaders领导；B. partners 伙伴；C. winners 获胜者；D. learners 学习者。根据后文 Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 19 them.以及文中最后一句提示可知,作者开始像获胜者对待他们。故选C。【27题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：那年夏天，当其他球队享受假期时。A. reward报酬；B.vacations假 期;C.health健康;D.honor荣誉。根据That summer可知，当其它队队员享受着他们假期的时候,他们在 忙着训练。故选B。【2

6、8题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我们每天见面，练习传球和踢足球。risked冒险；B.missed错过；C. considered 考虑； D. practiced 练习。 根据上文 The old team had no coach, and they didnt even practice to5the game.提示可推知,这里指练习传球和踢球。故选D。【29题详解】本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系和对应原文。句意：在春季训练场受挫六个月后。A.defeat打败；B.decline下 降；C. accident 事故；D. mistake 错误。根据上文 but to my dis

7、appointment we were defeated.提示可知，在春 季训练赛场遭受失败之后。故选A。【30题详解】本题考查语境判断之感情色彩。句意：我们赢得了第一场和第二场比赛，并且继续进步。A. relax放松；B.improve 提高, 进步； C. expand 扩大； D. defend 防御。彳艮据前句 we won our first game and our second, and continued to可知，所填词是褒义词，因为是足球队，所以水平是提高。故选B。【31题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我觉得即使我们输掉了比赛，这对我们来说也是一场胜利。A. sh

8、ame 羞愧；B. burden负担；C. victory胜利；D. favor赞成。根据后文even if we lost the game.可知，前后文是让 步关系，所以前文与后文相反，所以此处表达“即使我们输掉比赛，我们感觉它会是一场胜利”。故选C。【32题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我的孩子们击败了佐治亚州最好的球队，给了我一生中最激动人心的 时刻之一。A.chances 机会；B. thrills 激动;C. concerns 关心；D. offers 提供。根据前句 My boys beat the best team in Georgia可推知，是作者一生中最激动人心

9、的一次！故选B。【33题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：从这次经历中，我学到了很多关于领导者的态度如何影响团队成员。A.surprise惊讶；B.serve服务；C.interest兴趣；D.affect影响。结合前文内容可知，通过这次经历，作者学到了很多关于领导者的态度是如何影响(affect)团队成员的。故选Do【34题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我没有把我的孩子看作失败者，而是鼓励他们。A. encouraged鼓励；B. observed观察；C. protected保护；D. impressed给予某人深刻印象。根据I pushed可知，作者在推动和鼓 励他们。故

10、选A。【35题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。A.honestly诚实地；B. individually 个别地；C. calmly 镇静地；D. differently 不同地。根据后句 and they built themselves into winners.可知，作者 以胜利者看待队员们，结果经过努力，他们果真变成了胜利者，故选D。点睛】易错分析：Most important, I began to treat them like H.11. A. leaders B. partners C. winners D. learners本题容易误选

11、B项，认为作者把队员当伙伴，但根据后文Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushedand.19.them.以及文中最后一句提示可知,作者开始像获胜者对待他们。故选C。第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2. 5分，满分50分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test

12、 and maintain all sprinkler（喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers （灭火器）. They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors

13、of all campus buildings are equipped with manual（手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with（胡舌L摆弄）these systems. Fal

14、se fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonmentFire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following: Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room. Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do n

15、ot use a lift. Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous s

16、ituation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.Smoke DetectorA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of you

17、r smoke detector: If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking （闪 动）,contact residence hall staff immediately. Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way. If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform

18、 your hall staff.36. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?A. To provide part-time jobs for students.B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.37. What do the automatic

19、 fire alarm systems include?A. Pipes and smoke detectors.B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations38. In a fire drill, the students should.A. rush quickly to a liftB. gather at the nearest exit.C. shut the door and leave at onc

20、eD. wait for instructions in the hall39. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.40. To ensure t

21、he safe operation of the smoke detector, one should.A. contact the hall staff regularlyB. cover the things that burn easilyC. start the smoke detector in a fireD. make certain the red light is working【3640题答案】【答案】36.C37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些 防火信息。【36题

22、详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler（喷水灭火装 置）systems行re alarms and fire extinguishers （灭火器）.可知，专职消防人员主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有 的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据文章 Fire Alarms 中的句子 Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting heat detectors,

23、 smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选Bo【38题详解】细节理解题。根据文章 Fire Drills 中的句子 Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.和 Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.可知，在消防演习中,学生锁好门并立即从最 近的紧急出口离开。故选C。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据文章 Fire Extinguishe

24、rs 中的句子 Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines. nJ知,误用 灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。【40题详解】细节理解题 o 根据文章 Smoke Detector 中的句子 If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking （闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately. nJ知,烟雾探测器是否安 全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D

25、。点睛：文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为 线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较 所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题3中C选择项中leave at once与文中的Exit immediately表达的同 一个意思；小题4中考生要理解文中fines （罚款）是A选择项中punishment （惩罚）的一种，这些都考生 需要比较它们之间的细微区别。BWhen I was 17,1 read a magazine article about a museum called the McNa

26、y, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, nDo you have the address? ”No, but Ill recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. HOh, stop.

27、There it is!”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.May I help you?n a man asked. No, nI said. Were Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in? Sally had gone u

28、pstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy（爱窥探的），keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. nWhere do you think you are? ” he asked. I turned sharply. nThe McNay Art Museum!n He smiled, sh

29、aking his head. nSorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.1Whats this place?” I asked, still confused. nWell, its our home.” My heart jolted（震颤）, I raced to the staircase and called out, nSally! Come down immediately! nTheres some really good stuff（艺术作品）up there/1 She stepped down looking confuse

30、d. I pushed hertoward the front door, waving at the family, saying, nSorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.1 Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldnt believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was spl

31、endid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?”Yes. B

32、ut how do you know? We never told anyone.n“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. Ive always wanted to than

33、k you?41. What do we know about Marian McNay?A. She was a painter.B. She was a community leader.C. She was a museum director.D. She was a journalist.42. Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A. She disliked people who were nosy.B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C.

34、She knew more about art than the man.D. She mistook him for a tour guide.43. How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A. Puzzled.B. Concerned.C. Frightened.D. Delighted.44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A. The real museum lacked

35、enough artwork to interest her.B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D. The event happening in the house was more significant.45. What could we learn from the last paragraph?A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.B.

36、People should spend more time with their family.C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.【4145题答案】【答案】41.A42. D 43. A 44. D 45. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，到了之后参观的时候，发现很多人 奇怪的看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己 住宅的作者，指出

37、正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第段 When I was 17,1 read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.可知，Marian McNay 是一名水彩画家。故选 A。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段May I help you?n a man asked. No, ”1 said. Were fine. Tour guides got on my ne

38、rves.可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选D。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段 The people in the hall seemed very nosy（爱窥探的）,keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem?（大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。他们有什 么问题？）可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选A。44题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者着墨点主要在叙述参观误当成McNay博物馆 私人住宅上，故这才是文 章的重心，所以将真正的McNay博物馆

39、叙述一带而过。故选D。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.可知， 在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的 美而不见。故选C。【点睛】本文是叙事性的文章，文章有一定的趣味性，整体难度中等，考查主要以细节理解和推理判断两 类题型。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述 的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词

40、句，然后利用自 己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题3中考查作者被人盯着看的感受， 我们需要找到文章中作者的措词nosy, curiosity和problem,可以推断出作者当时非常困惑不解的心理感 受。CTheres a new frontier in 3D printing thafs beginning to come into fbcus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the

41、industry isnt stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that - it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to re-cr

42、eate forms and pieces“ of food that are exactly the same J freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed,rather than farm to table.Sustainability （可持续性）The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some a

43、nalysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids （水解胶体）from plentiful renewables like algae（

44、藻类）and grass to replace the familiar ingredients（烹饪原料）.3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock nfoodn that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make proce

45、ssed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterdays bread from the supermarket, youd eat something baked just fbr you on demand.”Ch

46、allengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste（糊状物）before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very comp

47、lex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homesand high-end restaurants.46. What be

48、nefit does 3D printing bring to food production?A. It helps cooks to create new dishes.B. It saves time and effort in cooking.C. It improves the cooking conditions.D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.47. What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?A. It solves food shortages easily.B. It quickens the transportation of food.C. It needs no space for the storage of food.D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.48