MajoraCarter_2010X[梅杰拉.卡特尔][三个当地生态行动主义的故事].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件So today,Im going to tell you about some people whodidnt move out of their neighborhoods.今天,我要向大家介绍一些人,他们一直在各自的街区里工作。00:13The first one is happening right here in Chicago.第一位就在芝加哥。00:19Brenda Palms-Farber was hired to help ex-convicts reentersociety and keep them from going back into pr

2、ison.布兰达帕尔姆-法尔伯的工作 是帮助刑满释放人员重返社会 以免他们重蹈覆辙。00:22Currently,taxpayers spend about$60,000 per year sendinga person to jail.目前,若有一人入狱,那么纳税人每年就要 支付六万美元。00:29We know that two-thirds of them are going to go back.三分之二的刑满释放人员最后又回到了监狱。00:36I find it interesting that,for every one dollar we spend,however,on ear

3、ly childhood education,like Head Start,wesave$17 on stuff like incarceration in the future.我觉得很有意思,我们为“启蒙教育”等早期教育每花一美元,在将来,就能在送人入狱这些事情上节省十七美元。00:38Or-think about it-that$60,000 is more than what it coststo send one person to Harvard as well.大家想想那六万美元 把一个人送到哈佛大学读书 都绰绰有余了。00:49But Brenda,not being pha

4、sed by stuff like that,took a lookat her challenge and came up with a not-so-obvious solution:create a business that produces skin care products fromhoney.但布兰达并没有拘泥于这些限制,她审视了眼前的挑战 想出了 一个不那么兴师动众的解决方法:开办一庄生意,用蜂蜜的提炼物来生产护肤品。00:55ex-convicts:n.从前曾被判刑的人;法前科犯 reenter:n.重进入,再加入/vt.重新加入/vi.重新入内,重返 taxpayers:

5、n.纳税人(taxpayer的复数)two-thirds:n.三分之二/三分之二的/三分之二地 Head Start:领先;抢先起步的优势;有利的开端incarceration:n.监禁;下狱;禁闭 phased:vt.phase的变形/adj.分阶段的,按预定阶段实行的Okay,it might be obvious to some of you;it wasnt to me.也许对于你们一些人来说这再自然不过了;但是我不这么看。01:09Its the basis of growing a form of social innovation that hasreal potential.扶

6、植真正有无限潜力的社会创新,这是起步阶段。01:11She hired seemingly unemployable men and women to carefor the bees,harvest the honey and make value-addedproducts that they marketed themselves,and that were latersold at Whole Foods.她聘请那些别人不愿聘用的人 来照顾蜜蜂,收割蜂蜜 加工产品,并自己做市场推广,最后把成品放在全食超市销售。01:16She combined employment experienc

7、e and training with lifeskills they needed,like anger management and teamwork,and also how to talk to future employers about how theirexperiences她把工作与培训结合在一起,教授员工一些必要的生活技能,教他们如何控制愤怒情绪,如何进行团队合作,如何向后来的员工 传授自己的经验,01:27actually demonstrated the lessons that they had learned andtheir eagerness to learn m

8、ore.告诉他们自己所学到的经验教训 以及他们对学习的热情。01:39Less than four percent of the folks that went through herprogram actually go back to jail.经过她聘用的这些人员中 仅有不到百分之四的人再次入狱。01:43So these young men and women learned job-readiness andlife skills through bee-keeping and became productivecitizens in the process.这些年轻人通过养殖蜜蜂

9、不仅得到了工作培训,学会了生存技能,还成为了有作为的好公民。01:49innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法 unemployable:adj.不能受雇的/n.不能受雇者 value-added:adj.加值的;增值的marketed:销售;交易;市场推广(market的过去分词)teamwork:n.团队合作;协力 demonstrated:演示Talk about a sweet beginning.这真是一个美好的开始。01:57Now,Im going to take you to Los Angeles.现在我要带你们到洛杉矶。02:00And lots of people k

10、now that L.A.has its issues.很多人都知道 洛杉矶有很多亟待解决的问题。02:02But Im going to talk about L.A.s water issues right now.但是我要讲的是洛杉矶的用水问题。02:06They have not enough water on most days and too much tohandle when it rains.该市经常缺水,而一旦下雨,过多的雨水又成了问题。02:09Currently,20 percent of Californias energy consumption isused to

11、 pump water into mostly Southern California.目前,加利福尼亚州 百分之二十的能源消耗 主要被用于向南加州 调水的工程。02:14Their spending loads,loads,to channel that rainwater outinto the ocean when it rains and floods as well.他们花了大把大把的金钱 将雨水疏导至大海,一旦下雨,这里就会发大水。02:22TED演讲者：Majora Carter|梅杰拉.卡特尔演讲标题：Majora Carter:3 stories of local eco-e

12、ntrepreneurship|三个当地生态行动主义的故事内容概要：Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality,starting in the SouthBronx at the turn of the century.Now she is leading the local economic developmentmovement across the USA.绿色环保必须着眼于当地在TEDxMidwest系列演讲中，梅杰拉.卡特尔给我们讲述了三个故事，告诉我们故事的主人公们如何在各自的当地拯救社区进而拯救地球。这被

13、称为“家园安全”。Now Andy Lipkis is working to help L.A.cut infrastructurecosts associated with water management and urban heatisland-linking trees,people and technology to create amore livable city.安迪利普基斯的工作 就是帮助洛杉矶 削减水利工程以及城市热岛效应相关的基础建设开支 把人,树木和科技联系起来 进而创造更适合居住的城市。02:28All that green stuff actually natura

14、lly absorbs storm water,also helps cool our cities.那些绿色的东西能够自动吸收大量雨水,并且帮助城市降温。02:40Because,come to think about it,do you really want air-conditioning,or is it a cooler room that you want?我们应该这样想:你真正需要的是空调,还是一个凉爽的房间？02:45loads:n.电负载,电负荷(load的复数);货载量/v.负担;装货(load的第三人称单数)rainwater:n.雨水;软水 livable:adj.适

15、于居住的;生活过得有价值的 absorbs:v.吸收;吸引的注意(absorb的第三人称单数形式)air-conditioning:n.空调系统；空气调节How you get it shouldnt make that much of a difference.不管使用那种方法,只要能够达到预期的效果就行了。02:51So a few years ago,L.A.County decided that they needed tospend 2.5 billion dollars to repair the city schools.就在几年前,洛杉矶 决定投入二十五亿美元 整修全市的学校。

16、02:54And Andy and his team discovered that they were going tospend 200 million of those dollars on asphalt to surround theschools themselves.安迪和他的团队得知 政府将把其中两亿美元 用于给学校四周的路面铺上沥青。03:04And by presenting a really strong economic case,theyconvinced the L.A.government that replacing that asphaltwith trees

17、 and other greenery,that the schools themselveswould save the system more on energy than they spend onhorticultural infrastructure.通过展示一个非常经济实惠的案例,他们说服洛杉矶政府改变计划,将沥青 换成绿树和其它绿化带,这样学校在绿化建设方面 节省更多人力物力。03:12So ultimately,20 million sq.ft.of asphalt was replaced oravoided,and electrical consumption for ai

18、r-conditioningwent down,while employment for people to maintain thosegrounds went up,resulting in a net saving to the system,butalso healthier students and schools system employees aswell.最后,铺两千万平方英尺沥青路的计划 被取消了,同时,使用空调所需的电力消耗降低了,绿化带需要人照顾,这样,许多人找到了工作,成本就这样被降低了,同时,师生们得到了更健康洁净的生活环境。03:28asphalt:n.沥青;柏油

19、/vt.以沥青铺/adj.用柏油铺成的 presenting:v.赠送,呈现(present的ing形式)greenery:n.绿色植物;温室 horticultural:adj.园艺的 avoided:v.避免;避免了;回避;使无效(avoid的过去式)resulting:adj.作为结果的/v.致使(result的ing形式);产生Now Judy Bonds is a coal miners daughter.这是朱蒂邦德斯。一个煤炭工的女儿。03:46Her family has eight generations in a town called Whitesville,West V

20、irginia.她家庭的八代人 都住在西弗吉尼亚州一个叫做怀茨威尔的小镇上。03:50And if anyone should be clinging to the former glory of thecoal mining history,and of the town,it should be Judy.如果有谁会以这个小镇 光辉的煤炭开采史为荣,以小镇为荣,那非朱蒂莫数了。03:55But the way coal is mined right now is different from thedeep mines that her father and her fathers fat

21、her would godown into and that employed essentially thousands andthousands of people.然而,现在的煤炭开采 对比过去她的父亲 以及祖父当年在深井里 几千人同时作业的开采方式,大不相同。04:03Now,two-dozen men can tear down a mountain in severalmonths,and only for about a few years-worth of coal.现在只要二十几个人 就能在几个月内把一座山开采一空,而开采出的煤炭只够使用几年。04:12That kind o

22、f technology is called mountaintop removal.这种开采技术叫做山顶煤炭开采法。04:19It can make a mountain go from this to this in a few shortmonths.它能使一座山在短短数月里 从这样变成那样。04:22Just imagine that the air surrounding these places-its filledwith the residue of explosives and coal.想像一下周围的空气质量 到处弥漫着易爆物和煤炭残渣。04:27Bonds:n.镣铐;监禁

23、;盟约(bond的复数)/v.使凝固;充当的保证人;团结一致(bond的第三人称单数)miner:n.矿工;开矿机clinging:adj.执着的;有粘性的/n.坚持;依附/v.坚持,紧贴(cling的ing形式)mining:n.矿业;采矿 mined:n.开采 tear down:v.扯下;诋毁;拆卸;逐条驳斥 mountaintop:n.山顶 residue:n.残渣;剩余;滤渣 explosives:n.爆炸物,化工炸药;爆炸品(explosive的复数)When we visited,it gave some of the people we were withthis strang

24、e little cough after being only there for just a fewhours or so-not just miners,but everybody.我们去到那里的时候,同行的一些人 莫名其妙地开始咳嗽 我们只在那里停留了几个小时 不仅是矿工,所有人都有同样症状。04:32And Judy saw her landscape being destroyed and her waterpoisoned.朱蒂眼睁睁看着家园被破坏,水体被污染。04:40And the coal companies just move on after the mountain

25、wasemptied,leaving even more unemployment in their wake.煤矿公司一旦把山挖空 就一走了之,使越来越多矿工下岗。04:44But she also saw the difference in potential wind energy onan intact mountain,and one that was reduced in elevationby over 2,000 ft.然而,她还看到了一座完整山体上风能的潜力 比另一座 海拔相对低了两千英尺的山体 要多出许多。04:50Three years of dirty energy w

26、ith not many jobs,or centuries用三年时间来开采污染环境的能源,相比开发能够持续几百年的清洁能源,究竟哪个更合算呢？前者Three years of dirty energy with not many jobs,or centuriesof clean energy with the potential for developing expertiseand improvements in efficiency based on technical skills,anddeveloping local knowledge about how to get the

27、most outof that regions wind.持续几百年的清洁能源,究竟哪个更合算呢？前者会使许多人丢了工作,而后者却有潜力发展专业技能,提高技术效率,根据当地情况 最大程度地开发和利用风力资源。04:59She calculated the up-front cost and the payback over time,and its a net plus on so many levels for the local,nationaland global economy.她计算了初始成本 以及回报,结果表明这对地方,国家,乃至全球经济 都会带来更高的净收益。05:13cough

28、:n.咳嗽,咳嗽声;咳嗽病/vt.咳出/vi.咳嗽 miners:n.矿业矿工(miner的复数);煤矿工人 emptied:adj.耗尽的;已清除的/v.倒空(empty的过去分词)elevation:n.高地;海拔;提高;崇高;正面图 expertise:n.专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见 up-front:adj.预先的;坦率的Its a longer payback than mountaintop removal,but thewind energy actually pays back forever.相比开采山顶煤矿,风能可以带来长期回报,而且这种风能源回报甚至是永久的。05:2

29、2Now mountaintop removal pays very little money to thelocals,and it gives them a lot of misery.开采山顶煤矿给当地居民的回报很小,并且还让他们吃了不少苦头。05:28The water is turned into goo.原本洁净的水变成了臭水。05:33Most people are still unemployed,leading to most of thesame kinds of social problems that unemployed people ininner cities a

30、lso experience-drug and alcohol abuse,domestic abuse,teen pregnancy and poor heath as well.大多数人没有工作,由此,这里的失业人群 与大城市里失业的人们面临着同样的社会问题 吸毒,酗酒 家庭暴力,未成年少女怀孕以及糟糕的健康状况。05:35Now Judy and I-I have to say-totally related to eachother.现在朱蒂和我我可以这么说 我们志同道合。05:47www.XiYuS锡育软件Now quite an obvious alliance.我们关系铁得很。0

31、5:51I mean,literally,her hometown is called Whitesville,WestVirginia.你看,她的家乡是西弗吉尼亚州的怀茨威尔。05:53I mean,they are not-They aint competing for thebirthplace of hip hop title or anything like that.他们不是 他们可没在跟时尚嘻哈达人争地盘,压跟就没有。05:55But the back of my T-shirt,the one that she gave me,says,Save the endangered

32、hillbillies.但是,在她送我的T恤衫背面,写着:“拯救濒临灭绝的乡巴佬”。06:02goo:n.感伤;粘性物 unemployed:adj.失业的;未被利用的 pregnancy:n.怀孕;丰富,多产;意义深长 heath:n.石南,石南植物;荒野/adj.杜鹃花科木本植物的 alliance:n.联盟,联合;联姻 competing:adj.相互矛盾的;抵触的/v.竞赛(compete的ing形式)birthplace:n.出生地/发源地 endangered:adj.濒临灭绝的;有生命危险的 hillbillies:n.乡下人,乡巴佬;山地内部的贫农,山地人So homegirl

33、s and hillbillies we got it together and totallyunderstand that this is what its all about.就这样宅女和乡巴佬走到了一起,非常明确各自的使命。06:10But just a few months ago,Judy was diagnosed with stagethree lung cancer.然而就在几个月前,朱蒂被诊断 患有晚期肺癌。06:16Yeah.真的。06:23And it has since moved to her bones and her brain.而且已经蔓延到了她的骨头和大脑。

34、06:25And I just find it so bizarre that shes suffering from the samething that she tried so hard to protect people from.这真是太荒唐了,她竭尽全力帮助人们防止肺癌,而自己却得了肺癌。06:30But her dream of Coal River Mountain Wind is her legacy.但是她的“煤河山风力发电项目”仍将继续。06:38And she might not get to see that mountaintop.也许,她等不到 项目建成的那一天了

35、。06:44But rather than writing yet some kind of manifesto orsomething,shes leaving behind a business plan to make ithappen.她并没有仅仅留下 一纸宣言,而是她正详细制定实施项目的具体计划。06:50Thats what my homegirl is doing.我的这位姐妹正在忙这件事情。06:58So Im so proud of that.我为她感到骄傲。07:00(Applause)But these three people dont know each other,

36、but they do have an awful lot in common.（众人鼓掌）这三个人 彼此并不相识,但是他们有着惊人的相似之处。07:02diagnosed:v.诊断;被诊断为(diagnose的过去分词)bizarre:adj.奇异的(指态度，容貌，款式等)manifesto:n.宣言;声明;告示/vi.发表宣言 homegirl:n.喜欢待在家里的女孩;女老乡 in common:共同的;共有的Theyre all problem solvers,and theyre just some of themany examples that I really am privil

37、eged to see,meet andlearn from in the examples of the work that I do now.他们都是解决问题的带头人,我非常幸运能够结识他们并且向他们学习,我在工作中见识到了许多榜样,他们就是其中几位模范。07:13I was really lucky to have them all featured on myCorporation for Public Radio radio show calledThePromisedLand.org.我很幸运地将他们的事迹 作为主秀展示在我的网络公共广播电台的节目“应许之地（ThePromised

38、Land.org）”中。07:21Now theyre all very practical visionaries.他们都是有远见的实业家。07:27They take a look at the demands that are out there-beautyproducts,healthy schools,electricity-and how the moneys他们仔细审视眼前的需求 美容产品,健康的校园,电力 并想办法满足这些需求。07:29products,healthy schools,electricity-and how the moneysflowing to meet

39、 those demands.And when the cheapest solutions involve reducing thenumber of jobs,youre left with unemployed people,andthose people arent cheap.如果你想通过削减员工人数 来解决问题,那么将有许多人失业,而这些人可不是省油的灯。07:36In fact,they make up some of what I call the most expensivecitizens,and they include generationally impoverish

40、ed,traumatized vets returning from the Middle East,peoplecoming out of jail.事实上,我认为他们是“最奢侈的公民”,他们其中有许多人是从中东战场上 退伍回乡的伤兵,他们世世代代贫穷,受伤痛之苦;另外还有刑满释放人员。07:44solvers:n.解决者(solver的复数形式)privileged:adj.享有特权的;有特别恩典的/v.给予特权;免除(privilege的过去分词)featured:adj.特定的;被作为特色的;有的面貌特征的/v.使有特色;起重要作用(feature的过去分词)visionaries:n

41、.空想主义者;愿景者;远见者(visionary的复数)take a look at:看一看;检查 flowing:adj.流动的;平滑的;上涨的/v.流动;起源;上涨(flow的ing形式)generationally:一代人,同代人 impoverished:adj.穷困的;用尽了的,无创造性的/v.使贫困(impoverish的过去分词)traumatized:adj.心理受到创伤的/v.使受创伤(traumatize的过去式和过去分词)vets:abbr.退伍军人(veteransadjustmentscale)And for the veterans in particular,th

42、e V.A.said theres a six-fold increase in mental health pharmaceuticals by vets since2003.拿那些老兵来说,根据退伍军人事务部公布的数据,自2003年以来退伍军人服用的精神方面的药物增加了六倍。07:53I think that numbers probably going to go up.我认为这个数字目前仍然在上升。08:01Theyre not the largest number of people,but they are someof the most expensive.他们并不是最庞大的群体

43、,但却是开销最大的群体之一。08:03And in terms of the likelihood for domestic abuse,drug andalcohol abuse,poor performance by their kids in schools andalso poor health as a result of stress.他们是家庭暴力,吸毒酗酒的高危人群,他们的子女在学校普遍不如其他家庭的孩子,由于承受巨大压力,他们的身体健康非常差。08:07So these three guys all understand how to productivelychannel

44、dollars through our local economies to meet existingmarket demands,reduce the social problems that we havenow and prevent new problems in the future.我所提到的这三位 都懂得如何有效地 把资金引入地方经济 以满足市场需求,解决现存的社会问题,并防止新问题的产生。08:15And there are plenty of other examples like that.这样的例子数不胜数。08:28One problem:waste handling

45、 and unemployment.例一:废物处理与失业问题。08:30Even when we think or talk about recycling,lots of recyclablestuff ends up getting incinerated or in landfills and leavingmany municipalities,diversion rates,they leave much to berecycled.当我们思考或讨论如何回收利用时,许多可回收物品已经被焚化或掩埋了,这加大了城市的回收分流难度,使回收过程更复杂。08:33veterans:n.老兵;退

46、伍军人(veteran的复数形式)in particular:尤其,特别 pharmaceuticals:n.药物(pharmaceutical的复数)in terms of:依据;按照;在方面;以措词 likelihood:n.可能性，可能 productively:adv.有结果地;有成果地recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用/v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词)recyclable:adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的incinerated:vi.把烧成灰;烧弃/vt.焚化;烧成灰 landfills:填埋 municipalities:n.市民,自治市;市政公债(m

47、unicipality复数形式)diversion:n.转移;消遣;分散注意力 recycled:n.再生纸;回收站/adj.环境回收利用的;可循环再造的And where is this waste handled?Usually in poorcommunities.这些废物都在哪里被处理？一般在贫困的社区里。08:43And we know that eco-industrial business,these kinds ofbusiness models-theres a model in Europe called the eco-industrial park,where you

48、either the waste of one company isthe raw material for another,or you use recycled materials tomake goods that you can actually use and sell.大家知道,在生态工业的运作模式中-有这样一种模式,它在欧洲被称为生态工业园区。在这里,你既可以把一家公司的废物交给另一家公司做原料,也可以把材料回收利用 生产出新的商品。08:46We can create these local markets and incentives forrecycled material

49、s to be used as raw materials formanufacturing.我们可以在当地鼓励和创造这样的当地市场需求,使回收后的材料 成为制造业的原材料。08:59And in my hometown,we actually tried to do one of these inthe Bronx,but our mayor decided what he wanted to see wasa jail on that same spot.在我家乡,我们已经在布朗克斯区尝试过这种模式,可惜我们的市长 更想在那里建一个监狱,09:06Fortunately-because w

50、e wanted to create hundreds of jobs-but after many years,the city wanted to build a jail,theyve since abandoned that project,thank goodness.幸好-我们本想可以创造几百个就业机会-而多年以后,这个城市居然决定在这里建造监狱,感谢上苍,政府已经打消了这个念头。09:14Another problem:unhealthy food systems andunemployment.还有一个问题:不健康食品以及失业问题。09:24Working-class and