2024年初中英语语法专项学习之虚拟语气用法归纳.docx

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1、We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We will find him wherever he may be.无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。指过去： may +have done 。eg：You mustnt be proud whatever great progress you may have made.不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。We must

2、respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。5、一般 would rather,had rather,would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表 示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结 构为：过去 had + done现在过去时（be用were ）将来 过去时（be用were ） （would rather将来情况用一般过去时）eg：rd rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。rd rather you

3、were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。Wed rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿注：注意 would rather, had rather, would sooner 的细微差别，可以 百度一下查查。6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语 从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is （high / about） time that + 主语 + 动词的过去式/ should + do （优先 使用动词过去式），即从句用虚拟过去式。It is time that I went to pick up

4、my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。7、简单句中的虚拟语气（1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚 拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should +dooeg：Would you mind me shutting the door?你介意我把门关起来吗？You should always learn this lesson by heart.你要把这个教训牢记于心。I should agree with

5、you.我本该同意你的观点。(委婉的不同意)(2)表示“祝愿”时,常用may +主语+do。eg：May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风。May your youth last forever!祝你青春永驻。(3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用dooeg： God bless us.上帝保佑。(4)习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 提出请求或邀请。eg：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？Could I use your bike now?我可以用一下你的单车吗？陈述自己的

6、观点或看法。eg：I should be glad to meet you.见到你我会很高兴。I would try my best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。提出劝告或建议。eg：Youd better ask your father first.你最好先问一问你的父亲。You should make a full investigation of it first.你应该先全面调查一番。提出问题。eg：Do you think he could get here on time你认为他能按时来吗？Do you expect he would tell us the truth

7、?你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:情态动词 + have doneoeg：You should have got here earlier.你早该到这里了。You should have returned it to him.你早该把它还给他了。8、虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。l.lf条件句中绝对不可以出现wouldo(2) 据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句 可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上 述句型。如:(8) If you had studied hard before, you wou

8、ld be a college student now and you would graduate from a college in four years time.3.条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒 装。例如：(9) Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have been saved.(10) Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.(11) Should it rain tomorrow, w

9、e would stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基 本句型：句型4：主语+(should)+动词原形(12) Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed at 9 o clock.(宾语从 句)(13) It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(主语 从句)(14) It is surprising that she shouldn t pass the math exam.(主语从句)(15)

10、The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.(同位语从 句)(16) Their demand is that their wages (should) be increased.(表语从句)注意：在这种句子中绝不可以出现would, must, could等。三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：句型5：wish后的宾语从句与现在愿望不一致：主语+过去时；与过去愿望不一致：主语+ had +过去分词/ could + have +过去分词；与未来愿望不一致：主语+ would / could +动词原形。如；(17)

11、 I wish I were you.(18) I wish I had visited the White House when I was in the States.(19) I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.句型6： It s time句型(当It s time后用that从句时应该为“主语+should +动词原形”或“主语+过去时”)(20) It，s time that you went / should go to school.句型7： If only引起的感叹句相当于How I wish +宾语从句”(21) If

12、only he could come!他要能来就好了。(22) If only I had known the answer!我要早知答案就好了。句型8：would rather, as if(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时。(23) I d rather you posted the letter right away.(24) r d rather you had returned the book yesterday.(25) She loves the children as if they were hers.(26)

13、Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.句型 9： without, but, but for, but that, otherwise 引起的短语或句子常 暗含着虚拟条件。(27) Without you, I would never know him.(28) But for your cooperation, we wouldn t have done the work so well.(29) But that she was afraid, she would have said no.(30) I would be most g

14、lad to help you, but I am busy now.(31) I should have come to the party yesterday, but I was busy.(32) I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!句型 10： If it were not for. / If it hadnt been for (要不是因为),其后面的主句也需使用虚拟。(33) If it were not for his help, I wouldn t go home now.(34) If it hadn, t

15、been for the determined captain, all the passengers on the board wouldn, t have been saved.虚拟语气误区L混合条件句的主从句时态不会灵活变化；2 .省略if时，句子调整不正确；3 .不会去找意思中的“应该”含义；4 ,陷在虚拟中出不来，把真实条件句当成虚拟条件句。虚拟语气的八种用法虚拟语气的用法1 .用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所 说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2 .虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。3 .虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存

16、在的 事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气 通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间条件从句主句例句与现在事实相反lf+主语+过去式（系动词be多用were)would主语+should+V原could见句与过去事实相反lf+主语+had+过去分词Would主语+should+have+过去分词could见句与将来事实相反过去式If+主语 + should+V 原were to+V 原would主语+should+V原could见句例句： If I were rich, I would travel around the wo

17、rld. If I won a m川ion dollars, I would give it to charities. If you had taken my advice, you wouldn t have failed. If I had known that earlier, I wouldn, t have done it. If he should go to Tsinghua University, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.虚拟语

18、气的其他用法：1、一想要（desire ）一宁愿（prefer）一坚持（insist）二命令(order, command )三建议(advise , suggest, propose/recommend)四要求(demand , require , request, ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：should + doo should可以省略。eg：He suggested that we (should) take the teachers advice.He insisted that we (should) take the teachers advice

19、.He demand that we (should) take the teachers advice.He ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice.insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点, 某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。eg：He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。eg：His face suggests that he looks worried .他

20、的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。2、表情绪、观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气。如： necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange surprising、funny right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wonder句型：It isthat +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型或只用动词原型。eg:Do you think it is necessary that he （should）not be sent to Lingbao.It is strang

21、e that such a person should be our friend.奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。注：这一点还没有准确的说法，希望善心人能把这点补充完全。3、在even if,even though所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+ 动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as;主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导 的条件从句结构相同。eg：Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）4、在 whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever,wherever, however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：指现在 或将来：may +do。eg：