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1、毕赤酵母是甲醇营养型,甲醇代谢第一步是:醇氧化酶运用氧分子将甲醇氧化为甲醛和过氧化氢。为避免过氧化氢毒性,甲醛代谢重要在过氧化物酶体里进行,使得有毒副产物远离细胞别的组分。由于醇氧化酶与O2 结合率较低,因而毕赤酵母代偿性地产生大量酶。而调控产生醇氧化物酶启动子也正是驱动外源基因在毕赤酵母中表达启动子。毕赤酵母具有两种醇氧化物酶,AOX1 AOX2。细胞中大多数醇氧化酶是AOX1 基因产物。甲醇可紧密调节、诱导 AOX1 基因高水平表达,为Mut+菌株,可占可溶性蛋白 30%以上。AOX2 基因与 AOX1 基因有 97%同源性,但在甲醇中带 AOX2 基因菌株比带 AOX1 基因菌株慢得多,
2、通过这种甲醇运用缓慢表型可分离 Muts 菌株。毕赤酵母表达外源蛋白:分泌型和胞内表达。运用具有因子序列分泌型载体即可。翻译后修饰:酿酒酵母与毕赤酵母大多数为 N-连接糖基化高甘露糖型,毕赤酵母中蛋白转录后所增长寡糖链长度(平均每个支链 8-14 个甘露糖残基)比酿酒酵母中(50-150 个甘露糖残基)短得多。菌株:GS115 ( Mut+, Muts)和 KM71(Muts)分泌型载体:pPICZ A,B,and C(5AOX1启动子,紧密型调节,甲醇诱导表达,分泌信号介导分泌表达,Zeocin抗性基因,C端具有6XHis标签)胞内表达型载体:pPICZ A,B,and C,一:分子克隆1.
3、设计引物分泌型载体图谱:见酵母表达阐明书(p13-pPICZ A,p14-pPICZ B,p15-pPICZ C)2.PCR扩增基因PCR反映体系(50l)模板DNA1lForward Primer(10M)1lReverse Primer(10M)1ldNTP Mixture(各2mM):4l5PrimerSTAR buffer(Mg2+ plus)10lPrimerSTAR DNA Polymerase0.5lddH2Oup to 50lPCR 反映流程 预变性 98 2min变性 98 10sec 退火 56 10sec 30个循环 延伸 72 30sec 完全延伸 72 10min 保
4、存 4 3.双酶切及其回收双酶切反映体系(40l)DNA(空载体或目基因) 30lBamH 1.5lXhol 1.5l10Buffer K 4.0l4.酶连接一方面运用1%琼脂糖电泳将双酶切后PCR产物和载体进行分离,并通过胶回收试剂盒回收,按照目基因和空载体碱基摩尔比在1:3-1:9之间,一共吸取目基因和空载体总体积为5l,在加入等量5l DNA迅速连接试剂盒Solution,16连接4-6h。转化到克隆型感受态(DH5和Top10),使用低盐LB培养基,加入25 g/ml Zeocin,双酶切法鉴定重组质粒后,送测序。双酶切鉴定体系(10l)DNA(空载体或目基因) 6l BamH 0.5
5、l Xhol 0.5l 10Buffer K 1.0l 二:线性化重组质粒1.提取重组质粒20ml低盐LB培养基(25 g/ml Zeocin),提取150ul重组质粒2.重组质粒线性化体系:重组质粒线性化体系(80l)重组质粒 70l Sac1/Pme2l Buffer 8l 37水浴酶切过夜(约12-24小时),取0.5-1ul酶切后质粒,用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,可冻存在-20。3. 线性化产物浓缩(若回收线性化质粒浓度不不大于100ng/ul,则不需要浓缩,50ml酵母培养液得到200ul感受态细胞,使用10ul线性化质粒+100ul感受态进行电转)(1)65,20min灭活限制性内切
6、酶(2)加入等体积(酚:氯仿:异戊醇=25:24:1),振荡均匀,RT,1rpm,离心1min,取上清。(3)加入等体积氯仿,振荡均匀,RT,1rpm,离心1min,取上清。(4)加入0.1倍体积醋酸钠(pH=5.2,3M),2倍体积预冷无水乙醇,振荡均匀,-80,放置30min后,4,1rpm,离心40min.(5)将沉淀用70%乙醇500ul,洗两次,14000rpm,4,离心10min,晾干后,加入10ulddH2O溶解即可,-20保存。三: 酵母电转化感受态细胞制备1 活化酵母菌:取出存于-20冰箱GS115无抗YPD平板,挑取单克隆,划线于新无抗YPD平板上,30烘箱培养16h2 挑
7、取酵母单菌落,接种到50ml无抗YPD液体培养基,250rpm,30培养15h3 取50l菌液接种于100ml培养基中,250rpm,培养至OD值在1.21.5之间。4 分装菌液至灭菌50ml离心管,4,3700rpm,离心10min5 弃上清,加50ml预冷至4无菌水,重悬细胞,激烈震荡200次,4,3700rpm,离心1min,重复用无菌水洗一次。6 弃上清,用2ml 1M山梨醇(1M)清洗沉淀后,加入400ul 1M 山梨醇重悬四:电转化至酵母感受态细胞中1取5l线性化回收产物,加入至100l新鲜制备电转化感受态细胞中,混匀移入干净1.5ml EP管中(避免气泡浮现)。2取预冷于-20电
8、极杯,放在冰上。设立电转化参数:电压1200V,时间5ms。3将重组质粒与感受态细胞混均匀后,加入到电极杯中,等待1-2min(使细胞DNA体系与电极杯能充分接触,利于电转成功)4及时向电转杯中加入1ml山梨醇,用移液枪充分混匀。从电转杯中吸出液体,加入到灭菌1.5ml EP管中。30烘箱1h(1-2)复苏5 取出复苏菌液,4000rpm,离心5分钟,弃掉800l上清。将剩余300l细胞重悬,涂具有25g/ml Zeocin抗性YPDS平板上,30培养箱避光,倒置培养3天。五:(可省略直接进行小试)菌落PCR鉴定待YPDS ZeocinTM平板上长出单克隆后,挑取单克隆,接种于YPD液体培养基
9、中,加25g/mlZeocinTM抗生素。避光培养,转速250rpm,30培养16小时。酵母菌落PCR鉴定体系如下:PCR鉴定反映体系(50l)菌液0.5lForward Primer(10M) 1lReverse Primer(10M) 1ldNTP Mixture(各2mM):4l10Easy Tag buffer(Mg2+ plus) 5lEasy Tag DNA Polymerase 0.5lddH2O up to 50lPCR反映程序设定:PCR鉴定 反映流程预变性 95 5min 变性 95 60sec 45 个循环退火 54 60sec 延伸 72 90sec 再延伸 72 10
10、min 保存 4 1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR成果。六:小试1. 挑取隆菌落,接种到5ml YPD培养基,28-30培养过夜,所有转入20-50ml BMGY中,28-30培养至OD600=2-6,4000rpm离心10min,弃上清,将菌体转入50-100ml BMMY中,加入1%甲醇诱导表达。2. 若蛋白不大于10kDa,分别12,24h取样,SDS-PAGE检测;普通状况,12,24,36h分别取样,SDS-PAGE检测表达状况七:重组蛋白表达1、挑取酵母阳性单克隆菌落,接种于5ml YPD中,28-30培养过夜。所有转入100ml BMGY培养基中,加抗生素ZeocinTM至浓度2ul
11、/ml,250rpm,28-30摇床培养16-18h。用紫外分光光度计测OD值为2-6。2、将培养酵母菌取出,分装至50ml离心管中,4000rpm, 4,离心10分钟,弃上清,向沉淀中加入20-30mlBMMY培养基重悬酵母菌。3、将菌液倒入400ml培养基2L锥形瓶中,每瓶加入2ml(体积分数为0.5%)甲醇,250rpm,30培养,诱导蛋白表达。4、每隔24小时,向瓶中加入4ml甲醇诱导(体积分数为1%),诱导96小时左右。5、收菌:取出培养瓶,4500rpm,离心30分钟,取上清,倒入50ml高速离心管中,14000rpm,离心40min.弃沉淀物,取上清或者破菌,进行纯化配制溶液1.
12、Low Salt LB Medium with Zeocin10 g Tryptone 5 g NaCl 5 g Yeast Extract 1. Combine the dry reagents above and add deionized,distilled water to 950 ml. Adjust pH to 7.5 with 1N NaOH. Bring the volume up to 1 liter. For plates,add 15 g/L agar before autoclaving. 2. Autoclave on liquid cycle at 15 psi a
13、nd 121C for 20 minutes. 3. Allow the medium to cool to at least 55C before adding the Zeocin to 25 g/ml final concentration. Store plates at 4C in the dark. Plates containing Zeocin are stable for up to 2 weeks.2. YPD (+ Zeocin) Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose Medium (1 liter) 1% yeast extract 2% pep
14、tone 2% dextrose (glucose) + 2% agar + appropriate concentration of Zeocin 1. Dissolve:10 g yeast extract 20 g of peptone in 900 ml of water. 2. Include 20 g of agar if making YPD slants or plates. 3. Autoclave for 20 minutes on liquid cycle. 4. Add 100 ml of 20% dextrose (filter-sterilize dextrose
15、before use). 5. Cool solution to 60C and add the appropriate amount of Zeocin from a 100 mg/ml stock solution. Note:It is necessary to include Zeocin in the medium for selection of Pichia transformants only. Zeocin may be omitted from the medium when performing expression studies. Store YPD slants o
16、r plates containing Zeocin at 4C. The shelf life is one to two weeks.3. YPDS + Zeocin Agar Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose Medium with Sorbitol (1 liter) 1% yeast extract 2% peptone 2% dextrose (glucose) 1 M sorbitol + 2% agar + appropriate concentration of Zeocin 1. Dissolve:10 g yeast extract 182.2
17、 g sorbitol 20 g of peptone in 900 ml of water. 2. Add 20 g of agar. 3. Autoclave for 20 minutes on liquid cycle. 4. Add 100 ml of 20% dextrose (filter-sterilize dextrose before use). 5. Cool solution to 60C and add the appropriate amount of Zeocin from a 100 mg/ml stock solution. Note:It is necessa
18、ry to include Zeocin in the medium for selection of Pichia transformants only. Zeocin may be omitted from the medium when performing expression studies. Store YPDS slants or plates containing Zeocin at 4C. The shelf life is one to two weeks. 4.BMGY and BMMY Buffered Glycerol-complex Medium Buffered
19、Methanol-complex Medium (1 liter) 1% yeast extract 2% peptone 100 mM potassium phosphate,pH 6.0 1.34% YNB 4 10-5% biotin 1% glycerol or 0.5% methanol 1. Dissolve 10 g of yeast extract,20 g peptone in 700 mL water. 2. Autoclave 20 minutes on liquid cycle. 3. Cool to room temperature,then add the following and mix well: 100 mL 1 M potassium phosphate buffer,pH 6.0 100 mL 10X YNB 2 mL 500X B 100 mL 10X GY 4. For BMMY,add 100 mL 10X M instead of glycerol. 5. Store the media at 4C. The shelf life of this solution is approximately two months.Store Zeocin at 20C and thaw on ice before use.
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