AllanAdams_2014[艾伦亚当斯][可能改写物理学的发现].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件If you look deep into the night sky,you see stars,and if youlook further,you see more stars,and further,galaxies,andfurther,more galaxies.抬头仰望夜空,你会看到星星。如果你看得远一些,你会看到更多的星星,再远一些,你会看到星系,更远一些,你会看到更多的星系。00:12But if you keep looking further and further,eventually yousee nothing for a long whi

2、le,and then finally you see a faint,fading afterglow,and its the afterglow of the Big Bang.但是如果你一直看下去,最终会有一段时间内你什么也看不到,最终你会看到一阵微弱的,若隐若现的余辉,那是宇宙大爆炸的余辉。00:22Now,the Big Bang was an era in the early universe wheneverything we see in the night sky was condensed into anincredibly small,incredibly hot,inc

3、redibly roiling mass,andfrom it sprung everything we see.大爆炸时期是宇宙的早期,那时候我们现在能看到的夜空中的一切 还是一团极小的、极热的滚滚的东西,而从那里产生了我们现在看得到的一切。00:37Now,weve mapped that afterglow with great precision,andwhen I say we,I mean people who arent me.如今,我们已经能够非常精确地 测绘这个余辉,当我说“我们”的时候,其实并不包括我。00:51Weve mapped the afterglow with

4、spectacular precision,andone of the shocks about it is that its almost completelyuniform.我们极其精确地 测绘了这个余辉,其中一个让人非常震惊的发现是,它几乎是完全一致的。00:58Fourteen billion light years that way and 14 billion lightyears that way,its the same temperature.往这边140亿光年,往那边140亿光年,都是一样的温度。01:05fading:n.褪色;衰退;凋谢/v.使衰落(fade的ing形式

5、);褪色 afterglow:n.夕照,晚霞 condensed:adj.浓缩的;扼要的/vt.浓缩(condense的过去分词)roiling:vt.搅浑;惹怒/vi.动荡;喧闹/n.小股汹涌的急流 sprung:adj.装有弹簧的/v.蹦跳;弹起(spring的过去式)mapped:v.映射(map的过去式和过去分词形式);计划;绘制.之地图Now its been 14 billion years since that Big Bang,and so itsgot faint and cold.如今从大爆炸以来,130亿年已经过去了,它已经变得微弱、寒冷。01:11Its now 2.7

6、 degrees.现在是2.7度。01:18But its not exactly 2.7 degrees.但它并不是确切的2.7度。01:21Its only 2.7 degrees to about 10 parts in a million.只有大约百万分之十的部分 是2.7度。01:23Over here,its a little hotter,and over there,its a little cooler,and thats incredibly important to everyone in this room,because where it was a little h

7、otter,there was a little morestuff,and where there was a little more stuff,we have galaxiesand clusters of galaxies and superclusters and all thestructure you see in the cosmos.这边稍微热一些,那边稍微冷一些,而这对在座的每一位都非常重要,因为那些稍微热一点的地方 有更多的东西,而有更多东西的地方 则有星系、星系团 和超星系团,以及你在宇宙中看到的所有其他东西。01:27And those small,little,in

8、homogeneities,20 parts in a million,those were formed by quantum mechanical wiggles in thatearly universe that were stretched across the size of theentire cosmos.而那些小小的不均匀的东西,百万分之二十的部分,是由量子力学的作用形成的,是整个宇宙体系的 早期宇宙。01:44That is spectacular,and thats not what they found onMonday;what they found on Monda

9、y is cooler.这非常震撼,不过他们星期一发现的不是这个,他们星期一的发现更震撼。01:56So heres what they found on Monday:Imagine you take abell,and you whack the bell with a hammer.接下来我要讲的就是他们星期一的发现;想象一口钟,你用锤子敲了一下这口钟。02:02clusters:n.植簇;丛(cluster的复数形式);计群集 cosmos:n.宇宙;和谐;秩序;大波斯菊 wiggles:n.摇摆小精灵(游戏名)stretched:adj.拉伸的,伸展了的/v.伸直,伸展;舒展(str

10、etch的过去分词);伸缩 whack:vt.重打;猛击;击败;削减/n.重击;尝试;份儿;机会/vi.重击What happens?It rings.发生了什么？它发出了响声。02:09But if you wait,that ringing fades and fades and fades untilyou dont notice it anymore.但是如果你等着,这个响声会退去,慢慢退去,直到你完全听不见。02:11Now,that early universe was incredibly dense,like a metal,way denser,and if you hit

11、it,it would ring,but the thingringing would be the structure of space-time itself,and thehammer would be quantum mechanics.早期的宇宙非常的致密,像一块金属,不过致密得多,如果你敲它,它会发出响声,发出的响声就是 时空架构,而用的锤子就是量子力学。02:16What they found on Monday was evidence of the ringing ofthe space-time of the early universe,what we call他们星期一

12、的发现就是找到了 早期宇宙的 时空响声的证据,我们称之为引力波,它来自于一个非常重要的时期,他们是如何发现的呢？02:30TED演讲者：Allan Adams|艾伦?亚当斯演讲标题：The discovery that could rewrite physics|可能改写物理学的发现内容概要：On March 17,2014,a group of physicists announced a thrilling discovery:the“smoking gun”data for the idea of an inflationary universe,a clue to the Big Ba

13、ng.For non-physicists,what does it mean?TED asked Allan Adams to briefly explain the results,in thisimprovised talk illustrated by Randall Munroe of xkcd.2014年3月17日，一群物理学家宣布了一个振奋人心的发现:宇宙暴涨理论的铁证数据，也是宇宙大爆炸的一条线索。对非物理学家们而言，这是什么意思呢?TED 邀请了艾伦亚当斯在这个即兴演讲中简要地解释这样的发现，插图由 xkcd 的兰德尔?门罗绘制。the space-time of the e

14、arly universe,what we callgravitational waves from the fundamental era,and hereshow they found it.重要的时期,他们是如何发现的呢？02:30Those waves have long since faded.那些引力波早就已经退去了。02:42If you go for a walk,you dont wiggle.如果你去散步,你不会晃来晃去。02:45Those gravitational waves in the structure of space are totallyinvisible

15、 for all practical purposes.这些宇宙中的引力波 在现实中是完全感受不到的。02:48But early on,when the universe was making that lastafterglow,the gravitational waves put little twists in thestructure of the light that we see.但是在早期,也就是当宇宙在形成 它的余辉时,这些引力波 在我们所能看到的光的 结构中加了点小漩涡。02:53fades:v.褪色;逝去;生物衰老;淡接(fade的第三人称单数形式)space-time

16、:adj.时空的/n.时空(等于spacetime)gravitational:adj.力重力的,力引力的 faded:adj.已褪色的;已凋谢的 wiggle:vi.使摆动,使扭动/vt.摆动/n.扭动twists:n.力扭曲,一扭(twist的复数形式)/v.力扭曲,拧(twist的三单形式)So by looking at the night sky deeper and deeper-in fact,these guys spent three years on the South Pole lookingstraight up through the coldest,clearest

17、,cleanest air theypossibly could find looking deep into the night sky andstudying that glow and looking for the faint twists which arethe symbol,the signal,of gravitational waves,the ringing ofthe early universe.所以通过反复观察夜空,事实上,这些人在南极花了三年的时间 抬头仰望夜空,那里有他们能找到的 最寒冷、清澈和干净的大气,他们抬头仰望夜空并研究 那个余辉,寻找引力波的印迹,也就是

18、那些微弱的漩涡,早期宇宙的响声。03:04And on Monday,they announced that they had found it.星期一,他们宣布 他们找到了。03:27And the thing thats so spectacular about that to me is notjust the ringing,though that is awesome.最让我震惊的 不只是这个响声,虽然这也非常棒。03:31The thing thats totally amazing,the reason Im on this stage,is because what that

19、tells us is something deep about theearly universe.最让我震惊的是,也是我在这个台上的原因,因为这告诉了我们更多关于早期宇宙的东西。03:36It tells us that we and everything we see around us arebasically one large bubble-and this is the idea ofinflation?one large bubble surrounded by something else.它告诉我们 我们周围看到的一切 其实就是一个大泡泡 这也是宇宙暴涨理论认为的 一个被其

20、他东西围绕的大泡泡。03:43This isnt conclusive evidence for inflation,but anything thatisnt inflation that explains this will look the same.这并不足以证明宇宙暴涨理论,不过任何试图解释此现象的非宇宙暴涨理论 看上去也会差不多。03:55awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的 bubble:n.气泡,泡沫,泡状物;透明圆形罩,圆形顶/vi.沸腾,冒泡;发出气泡声/vt.使冒泡;滔滔不绝地说 conclusive:adj.决定性的;最后的;确实的;确定性的T

21、his is a theory,an idea,that has been around for a while,and we never thought we wed really see it.这是一个理论,一个想法,它已经存在了一段时间了,我们从来没有想过我们会真的看到它（被证明的一天）。04:00For good reasons,we thought wed never see killer evidence,and this is killer evidence.这是有原因的,因为我们觉得我们永远不会找到 有说服力的证据,而这就是非常有说服力的证据。04:05But the real

22、ly crazy idea is that our bubble is just one bubblein a much larger,roiling pot of universal stuff.但是更疯狂的是,我们的泡泡只是一个 更大的滚滚宇宙中的其中一个泡泡。04:09Were never going to see the stuff outside,but by going tothe South Pole and spending three years looking at thedetailed structure of the night sky,we can figure out thatwere probably in a universe that looks kind of like that.我们永远看不到外面的泡泡,但是去南极并在那里待上三年,研究夜空的具体构成,我们会发现 我们大概就处在一个看上去像这样的宇宙里边。04:18And that amazes me.而这让我震撼不已。04:30Thanks a lot.非常感谢。04:33(Applause)（掌声）04:34amazes:vt.使吃惊*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*