高效结晶除硬关键技术处理高盐废水的研究应用.doc
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1、摘 要高盐废水零排放技术是环保必然规定,特别是某些产业部门高盐废水排放已经严重制约了当前公司发展状况,是当前和此后一段时间国内外关注度极高问题之一。在老式高盐废水解决技术基本上充分吸取国内外先进技术,以邯郸热电厂循环冷却排污水为原水,对一套完整废水解决工艺进行研究。重要工艺涉及:药剂软化、弱酸树脂离子互换软化、反渗入浓缩、正渗入及蒸发结晶,对各工艺重要影响因素进行实验研究,拟定有关技术应用研究重要参数。论文进行了混凝沉淀预解决实验,通过投加氢氧化钙和碳酸钠对高盐废水进行软化解决。实验成果表白:在解决邯郸热电厂循环冷却排水时,最佳投药量Na2CO3为800mg/L ,Ca(OH)2为700mg/
2、L。硬度则从1380mg/L 降到 125mg/L,而去除率为90.585%。用D113-型弱酸阳离子树脂对药剂软化后高盐水做进一步软化,以Ca2+、Mg2+所有被吸取为平衡浓度,得出D113-型树脂对Ca2+、Mg2+吸附容量为114000mg/L。用反渗入对软化后高盐废水进行预浓缩实验,在实验条件下,随着原水水箱中含盐量增长,出水含盐量也随着增长,并且除盐率与产水率会随着减少。除盐率从最初99.35%降到98.54%,产水率由24.51%降至23.94%。用某研究院自制正渗入膜对反渗入实验浓水进行膜性能实验。随着汲取液浓度增长,本实验所用正渗入膜水通量也随着增长,水通量从5.3L/(m2h
3、)上升至23.1L/(m2h);而截盐率汲取液浓度增长会较缓慢下降,截盐率由94.2%下降至93.8%;反向盐通量会随着增长,由3.5g/(m2h)上升至14.9g/(m2h)。对特殊反向盐通量无影响。随着温度缓慢上升,膜通量有明显上升趋势,在温度达到35时,水通量最大为14.9 L/(m2h),膜截留率会有稍微下降,反向盐通量会先随着温度升高而增长,在30时,反向盐通量达到最大值11.3g/(m2h),然后随着温度升高而下降。用世韩4040正渗入卷式膜做小型实验,成果表白,随着正渗入实验装置运营,原料液电导率先增长较快后缓慢增长,最后趋于平稳。在汲取液浓度为1mol/L时,原料液电导率可浓缩
4、至43800S/cm;汲取液浓度为2mol/L时,原料液电导率可浓缩至69300S/cm。水通量逐渐减小,最后趋近于零。用柱蒸馏法、吹托蒸馏法和减压蒸馏法三种作为汲取液回收与提纯办法进行比较,无论从回收率还是水提纯方面,吹托蒸馏法和减压蒸馏法明显优于柱蒸馏法。温度控制在50至60之间两种办法回收率可达60%以上。在对具有氯化钠和硫酸钠浓盐水进行蒸发结晶时,温度控制在65到75之间,有助于氯化钠与硫酸钠提纯。核心词:高盐废水;药剂软化;离子互换软化;正渗入;蒸发结晶。AbstractZero discharge technology of high salt wastewater is the
5、inevitable requirement for environmental protection,especially the high salt wastewater treatment part industry has seriously restricted the production and development of enterprises,is one of the high degree of attention to the current and future period of time at home and abroad. On the basis of t
6、raditional high salt wastewater treatment technology,the domestic and foreign advanced technology is fully absorbed,and a complete set of wastewater treatment process is studied by using the circulating cooling sewage of Handan thermal power plant as raw water. The main process includes:chemical sof
7、tening,ion exchange resin softening,reverse osmosis,forward osmosis and evaporation crystallization,experiment and Study on the main factors of each process,determine the main parameters of the study on the application of technology development.In this paper,the pretreatment of coagulation sedimenta
8、tion was carried out,and the high salinity wastewater was treated by adding calcium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The results showed that the best dosage of Ca(OH) 2 was 700mg/L,Na2CO3 was 800mg/L . Hardness decreased from 1380mg/L to 125mg/L,the removal rate was 90.585%.Further softening of high
9、saline chemicals after softening with D113- type weak acid cation resin,Ca2+,Mg2+ all have been absorbed into the equilibrium concentration of the adsorption capacity of D113- type resin for Ca2+,Mg2+ for 114000mg/L.By using reverse osmosis,the concentration of salt in the water tank was increased w
10、ith the increase of salt content in the raw water tank. The salt removal rate decreased from 99.35% to about 98.54% and the water production rate decreased from 24.51% to 23.94%.Experimental study on the performance of reverse osmosis test concentrated water by using a self-made positive osmosis mem
11、brane. Learn the effect of concentration on membrane performance:with the increased concentration of the draw,this experiment used the water flux of forward osmosis membrane also increased with the increase of water flux from 5.3L/(m2h) up to 23.1L/(m2h);and the salt concentration decreased with the
12、 increase rate of draw will slow,salt rejection decreased from 94.2% to 93.8%;the reverse salt flux will increase,by 3.5g/(m2h)up to 14.9g/(m2h). No effect on special reverse salt flux.Effect of temperature on membrane performance:as the temperature rises slowly,membrane flux increased,the temperatu
13、re reached 35 degrees,the maximum water flux of 14.9 L/(m2h),the retentate rate would be slightly decreased,reverse salt flux will increase with the increase of temperature,at 30 degrees and the reverse salt flux reaches the maximum value of 11.3g/(m2h),and then decreased with temperature increasing
14、. Effect on special reverse salt flux.The 4040 is found with Saehan penetration roll film experiment,with positive test,permeability test device operation,raw liquid conductivity first increases slowly increases rapidly,finally tends to be stable. When the concentration of is 1mol/L,the conductivity
15、 of the raw material can be concentrated to 43800S/cm. When the concentration of the solution is 2mol/L,the conductivity of the raw material can be concentrated to 69300S/cm. The water flux decreases gradually,and finally approaches zero.Blow supporting distillation and vacuum distillation three as
16、draw solution recovery and purification methods were compared with column distillation,and from both the recovery and purification of water,blowing supporting distillation and vacuum distillation column distillation method was better than that of. Temperature control at 50 to 60 ,the recovery rate o
17、f the two methods can reach more than 60%.The temperature is controlled between 65 and 75 when evaporating and crystallizing the concentrated brine containing sodium chloride and sodium sulfate,which is beneficial to the purification of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.Keywords:High salinity waste
18、water;chemical softening; ion exchange softening;forward osevaporation crystallization目 录摘 要IAbstractI第1章 绪论11.1水资源现状11.2高盐废水来源、水质特点及危害11.3高盐废水解决现状及其发展21.3.1预解决31.3.2膜技术41.3.3最后蒸发技术121.4课题研究目、内容及技术路线151.4.1本课题研究目与意义151.4.2本课题重要研究内容151.4.3技术路线16第2章 实验装置、办法及试剂172.1实验水质阐明172.2实验工艺流程阐明172.3实验装置与办法172.3.
19、1药剂软化装置与办法172.3.2离子互换软化装置与办法192.3.3反渗入装置与办法192.3.4正渗入实验装置及办法212.3.5正渗入小型实验252.3.6汲取液溶质回收和水提纯262.3.7蒸发结晶实验272.4实验分析办法、仪器与试剂272.4.1监测项目272.4.2重要实验仪器282.4.3重要实验试剂及药物28第3章 预软化与预浓缩实验成果与分析303.1药剂软化实验成果与分析303.1.1石灰-苏打法成果与分析303.1.2阻垢剂对药剂软化法影响323.2离子互换软化实验成果与分析323.3反渗入浓缩成果与分析333.3.1反渗入实验浓缩成果与分析333.3.2反渗入设计软件
20、模仿计算34第4章 正渗入实验成果与分析39 4.1.正渗入实验成果与分析394.1.1汲取液浓度对水通量、截盐率与反向盐通量影响394.1.2温度对水通量、截盐率与反向盐通量影响424.2正渗入小型实验成果与分析444.3汲取液溶质回收和水提纯成果与分析47第5章 浓盐水蒸发结晶实验成果与分析49第6章 结论与展望526.1结论526.2展望53参照文献55作者简介60论文刊登状况60第1章 绪论1.1水资源现状水资源对咱们生命起着重要作用,它是生命源泉,是人类赖以生存和发展不可缺少最重要物质资源之一。当前,水资源紧缺正在逐渐成为制约国内社会经济发展和都市化进程重要因素之一。8月,世界资源研
21、究所发布了2040年国家水资源压力排名,预测中华人民共和国将从中档水资源压力国家变为极高水资源压力国家1。近年来,国内工业规模不断扩展,废水产生量也随之迅速增大,自然而然地给当前废水解决与回收运用带来了巨大挑战。例如,工业废水如果直接被排放,会对周边水土环境带来严重污染。此外,对废水进行解决达到合格原则后,若不再循环运用,就会导致水资源挥霍,加剧了资源短缺。而对于高盐废水,由于缺少技术,缺少经济可行性与可靠性,因此只能采用大某些稀释流出办法。但是这种办法不但不能真正地减少污染物排放量,并且会导致淡水挥霍,特别是盐水排放,必然导致土壤碱化和淡水水矿化。如果可以解决这一某些盐水在水和盐过程中可以分
22、离,这某些盐可以进行集中解决,这样就可以实现废水“零排放”效果,既避免了水土污染,还能提高经营效率。因而,废水“零排放”技术已成为公司和工业实现水资源可持续发展一种重要办法。1.2高盐废水来源、水质特点及危害高盐废水是公司生产中生产相对常用废水类别。高盐废水是指具有生产公司生产废水中具有无机盐和生活污水废水中无机盐(有钾离子,钙离子,钠离子,氯离子,硫酸根离子等)含量不不大于1,普通高盐废水中也含某些有机物质,如甘油和低碳链化合物等。本文重要研究高盐废水是通过热浓缩解决或膜浓缩解决后上述工业含盐废水产生浓盐酸废水,通过某些浓缩清洗或反冲洗产生盐水设立统称为高浓度盐水。大多数工业废水除了具有上述
23、钾钠钙等无机盐离子外,不同领域工业废水所含无机盐离子均有很大差别,甚至有些高盐废水还具有某些重金属元素。由于中华人民共和国工业废水排放量大,重金属等重金属浓缩,长期排放工业废水对环境和环境构成严重威胁。高盐废水重要有三个来源,一是某些沿海缺水地区,运用海水淡化淡水生产生产生产浓缩盐水过程;此外在工业生产过程中直接排放高盐废水;此外,在工业生产废水进行循环运用和生成盐水。随着中华人民共和国淡水使用量越来越大,淡水资源越来越紧张,特别是在青岛、威海等都市沿海地区更是稀缺,影响了人民生活和都市发展。为了缓和这种状况,某些沿海地区开始将海水资源直接用于生活用水和工业生产。淡水从海水中提取过程中,盐水浓
24、度约为50000mg / L90000mg / L,即原始海水浓度23倍。高盐废水中有两种无机盐,一种是来自原始海水无机盐,另一种是在海水淡化过程中加入某些水解决化学物质而产生无机盐,例如阻垢剂、发泡剂或其他试剂。海水淡化高盐废水生产有二种方式,一是运用废物回收运用经济效益,实现真正“零排放”;二是直接将高盐废水排入污水解决系统,河流,湖泊或海洋。由于中华人民共和国当前缺少技术和经济成本,因此生产上普通选取第二种解决方式。如果被排入海水,会导致海洋部件盐度增长,这将对生物功能和海洋生物生长状况产生不利影响,并将影响该都市地区海洋生物组分,最后破坏海洋生态环境并带来经济污染与损失。污水经解决系统
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