天津市红桥区高三上学期期末英语试题.docx

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1、高三英语（共分HI卷，满分150分，考试时间120分钟）第I卷（满分95分）第一部分：英语知识运用（满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15个小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. 一 I will go to the bank to pay fbr the electricity bill.? Actually, you can use Alipay.A. Why botherB. So whatC. Why notD. What fbr【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：我要去银行交电费。何必麻烦呢？实际上，你可以使用支付

2、宝。A. Why bother何苦，何必麻烦；B. So what那又怎样？ C. Why not为什么不呢？ D. What for为何？根据语境， 空白处应该是认为去银行交电费太麻烦了，且后面给出了简单的方法，结合选项，故选A。2. Bamboo plants arewith health, abundance and a happy home, which makes them popular during theChinese New Year.A. contentB. coveredC. associatedD. particular【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨

3、析。句意：竹子与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起，这使得它们在中国新 年期间很受欢迎。A. content满足的：B. covered被覆盖的；C. associated相关的；D. particular特别的。be associated with 与相联系。根据 which makes them popular during the Chinese New Year.n可知，竹子使人联想起健康、富足和幸福美满的家。故选C。3. Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was with a magnificent view.A. awardedB.

4、admiredC. rewardedD. appreciated【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：登上泰山的每个人都能以看到壮丽的景色作为奖赏。A. awarded授予； 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把香蕉放在路边，挥手请它去拿。A. begging乞讨；B. training训练；C. ordering 命令；D. inviting 邀请。结合前后文 wPlacing the bananas near the road, I waved my arm, .him to get them” 可 知，作者把香蕉放在路边，挥手邀请猴子去拿香蕉，invite sb. to do sth

5、.”邀请某人做某事”。故选D。(31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它两眼盯着我，没有动。A. nod点头；B. speak说话；C. move移动；D. pause 暂停。结合上文“With eyes locked on mine, he didnt”以及后文作者离开后猴子才靠近水果，可推测猴子一 开始很警惕，只是看着作者没有移动。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们驱车离开时，我转过身来，看见那只猴子正在接近水果。A. car汽车；B. cave洞穴；C. fruit水果；D. driver司机。根据上文uPlacing the bananas near the roadM

6、可知此处指接近香蕉 这一水果。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许它现在意识到我根本不是敌人。A. enemy敌人；B. visitor游客；C. stranger 陌生人；D. owner主人。结合上文作者和猴子相遇时，双方都很紧张的局势，可推测一开始他们都把对方 当作敌人,故选A,【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我离开的时候认为，我们自身的不安全感使我们无法理解他人，无论是人类还 是其他生物。A. save拯救：B. excuse原谅；C. protect保护；D. prevent阻止。根据前后文“our own insecurities .us from unders

7、tanding others M可知,指自身的不安全感阻止了我们理解他人,pre ven (.from doing sth. “阻止做某事。故选【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们先试着去了解动物，也许就能更好地理解他人。A. environment环境； B. animals 动物；C. adventure 冒险;D. resources 资源。结合上文“whether humans or other creatures”以及 这篇故事内容，可知作者认为人类和动物很相似，都是因为自身的不安全感使我们无法理解他人，所以这 里是在说建议先试着了解动物，这样或许能更好地理解他人。故选B。

8、第二部分阅读理解(共20个小题，每小题分，满分50分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day“ with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares abo

9、ut me and wishes me well.“Have a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone（腔调）with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me、not to me.Obviously, the concern fbr my d

10、ay and everyone clscs is the managements attempt to increase business.The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we

11、 dont know what to say. Oh, you just had a tooth out? Im terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day“ to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you dont know has tried to be nice to you.Although the use of the expression is an

12、insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable wa

13、y, its nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really dont care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.36. How does the author understand Maxies words?A. Maxie shows her anxie

14、ty to the author.B. Maxie really wishes the author a good day.C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.D. Maxie really worries about the authors security.37. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?A. The salesgirl is rude.B. The salesgirl is bored.C. The salesgirl cares about me.D

15、. The salesgirl says the words as a routine.38. By saying “Have a nice day,“ a stranger may .A. try to be polite to youB. express respect toyouC. give his blessing toyouD. share his pleasurewith you39. According to the last paragraph, people say “Have a nice day” .A. sincerelyB. as thanksC. as a hab

16、itD. encouragingly40. What is the best title of the passage?A. Have a Nice Day a Social CustomB. Have a Nice Day 一 a Pleasant GestureC. Have a Nice Day a Heart-warming GreetingD. Have a Nice Day a Polite Ending of a Conversation【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了人们相互之间常说“Have a nic

17、e day”这一习惯。【36题详解】细节理解题。由第一段”.I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me.”我知道她真诚地关心我发生的 事情，可知我认为Maxie希望我有美好的一天。故选B。【37题详解】词句理解题。由第二段The words come out in the same tone（腔调）with a fixed procedure.这些同样声调的话按 照固定的程序被讲出来，以及本段最后一句很显然对我和其他人一天的关心有增加生意的管理企图可知， 女售货员说“Have a nice day. Nexl!”这些话只是例行公事。故

18、选D。【38题详解】细 11理解题。由”.you may find it heart-wanning because someone you dont know has tried to be nice to you.可 知，因为陌生人试图对你友善，你会感到很温暖，可以判断出一个陌生人说祝你愉快是出于礼貌，选A。【39题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段的最后两句 While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when I

19、hey like.可知，虽然这种表达可能不经常是真诚的，但它总是被说 出来的。关键是人们喜欢什么时候都说，人们常说“Have a nice day”已成为一种习惯了。故选C。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression.”祝你今天愉 快！”可能是一个愉快的姿态或一个亳无意义的表达。和最后一段Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times

20、, there is nothing wrong with the sentenceexcept that it is alittle uninteresting.尽管有时候这些社会习俗亳无意义，但是除了这些句子有一些枯燥之外，它们本身并没有错， 得知整篇文章在讲人际交往时人们互相说“Have a nice day”社会风俗。故选A。BMost Chinese know the story of mythological Change. Its a story about a woman who takes an immortality pill and flies to the moon.

21、The story is sO popular that people caift hear the word Change without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.For this reason, Chinas mission to the moon was calling fbr a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media

22、 fbr her work on the Change-5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a 4vfrontlinc soklicr in the field of aerospace that young Chinese can look up to.Ms Zhou, 24-ycar-old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is Chinas youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful l

23、aunch of the Chang,e-5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of (he rocket connector system, described as a key role.In Wenchang space launch site, though she is only 1.58 meters tall and looks “mini，she is called “Big Sister” fbr her powerful core and energy. Since senior high, she has dreamed! of

24、being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her aerospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with mult

25、iple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of the Long March 5 rocket goes around“ battle.Her story has received

26、attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests fbr interviews because she docs not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.41. Why docs the writer

27、mention the myth of Changc at the beginning of the passage?A. To tell a romantic story.B. To spread Chinese culture.C. To introduce the topic.D. To give an example.42. What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer fbr the youth in aerospace?A. Her youth and beauty.B. Her pictures on the media.C. H

28、er identity of the Tujia ethnic group.D. Her performance in the moon-landing program.43. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. She was the youngest space commander of the Tujia ethnic group.B. She was called “Big Sister“ not because of her physical strength but her central s

29、tatus.C. To become a commander, she took five challenging and courageous jobs in two and a half years.D. She worked in severe conditions fbr 60 days until the Long March 5 rocket was-launched. 44. Why did Ms Zhou reject the medias invitation to interviews?A. Because she was too shy.B. Because she wa

30、s not available.C. Because she was devoted to work.D. Because she hated being famous.45 What can we learn from Ms Zhous story?A. Attitude is altitude.B. The early bird catches the worm.C. Many hands make light work.D. Diligence makes up fbr inability.【答案】41. C 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。

31、文章主要介绍了中国有史以来最年轻的太空指挥官周小姐，介绍了她的个性经 历以及取得的成就。41题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Most Chinese know the story of mythological Change. Its a story about a woman who takes an immorality pill and flies to the moon. The story is sO popular that people cant hear the word Change without thinking of romantic images of a moon

32、goddess.（大多数中国人都知道神话中的嫦娥的故事。这是一个 关于一个女人吃了永生药丸飞向月球的故事。这个故事非常流行，以至于人们一听到嫦娥这个词就会想到 月亮女神的浪漫形象）”可推知，作者在文章的开头提到嫦娥的神话是为了引入主题。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第：段“For this reason, Chinas mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral

33、 on Chinese social media fbr her work on the Change-5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a frontline soklier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.（因此，中国的登月任务需要一个坚强的女性形象。因此，一名 24岁的女航天指挥官的照片在中国社交媒体上疯传，因为她在嫦娥五号探月计划中所做的工作，有人评论 说她是中国年轻人值得尊敬的“航天领域的一线战士）可知，在登月

34、计划中的表现让人们认为周小姐是 航天领域的青年先驱。故选D。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 “ Ms Zhou, 24-year-old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is Chinas youngest ever space commander.（24岁的周小姐来自土家族，是中国有史以来最年轻的太空指挥官）”可知，A选项“她是土家族 最年轻的太空指挥官”不正确。故选A。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段 “According to the media, she declined repeated requests fbr inteniews be

35、cause she docs not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.（据媒体报道，她拒绝了多次采访请求，因为她不想让名声 影响她的工作）”可知，周小姐拒绝媒体的采访邀请是因为她对工作很投入。故选C。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 “ Since senior high, she has dreamed! of being a member of a space research team. With her great eflbrts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and e

36、ngineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her aerospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space

37、 with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked fbr 60 days until the completion of “the Long March 5 rocket goes around” battle.（从高中开始，她就有梦 想!作为太空研究团队的一员。在她的努力下，2014年她考上了国内一所大学的飞机系统与工程专业，实现 了她的太空梦。为了成长为一名指挥员，她在两年半的时间里换了五个岗位，熟悉了多个岗位和工作类型， 每一个岗位都需要很大的勇气和挑战。在一个没

38、有空调、只能容纳三人的狭小工作空间里，她工作了 60天, 直到完成“长征五号火箭绕行“战役）”可知，周女士坚持自己的梦想，不懈努力，勇于挑战，故可推知， 我们能从周女士的故事中学到“态度决定高度”的道理。故选A。CWhy did humans evolve to walk upright? Perhaps because its jusl plain easier. Make that energetically less costly,“ in science-speak.Bipedalism walking on two feet is one of the defining charac

39、teristics of being human, and scientists have debated fbr years how it came about. In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimpanzees to walk on treadmill while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption. The chimps were measured both while wal

40、king upright and while moving on their legs and knuckles. That measurement of the energy needed to move round was compared with similar tests on humans and the results arc published in this weeks online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.It turns out that humans walking on tw

41、o legs use only one quarter of the energy that chimpanzees use while knuckle-walking on four limbs. And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs.I lowever, there were differences among chimpanzees in how much energy they used, and this diffe

42、rence corresponded to their different gaits and anatomy. One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlcn, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.“Whal we were surprised at was the variation, he said in te

43、lephone interview. That was pretty exciting, because when you talk about how evolution works, variation is the bottom line, without variation there is no evolution.”Walking, on two legs freed our arms, opening the door to manipulating the world, Raichlcn said. uWc think about the evolution of bipeda

44、lisni as one of first events that led hominids down the path to being human.” The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the L. S. B. Leakey Foundation.46. The underlined word “Bipedalism“ means.A. moving sidewaysB. walking uprightC. walking on four legsD. running fast47. Why

45、did chimpanzees wear masks in the experiment?A. Masks protect chimpanzees from any harm.B. Masks help chimpanzees walk steadily.C. There was heavy smoke in the room.D. Masks helped to measure how much oxygen chimpanzees consumed.48. Wc can infer that scientists.A. have no idea on how human walking o

46、n two legs came aboutB. have had different views on why chimpanzees walk on four legsC. have had different views on how human walking on two legs came aboutD. have had similar views on how human walking on two legs came about49. What does the fourth paragraph mainly deal with?A. How did chimpanzees

47、save energy?B. Why didnt chimpanzees walk on two legs?C. David Raichlcn researched into chimpanzees.D. Different chimpanzees consume different energy.5(). According to the passage humans walk upright in order to.A. conserve energyB. differ from other animalsC. free their brainsD. strengthen their le

48、gs【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. D 50. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现人类直立行走的原因主要是为了节约能量，介绍了相 关研究以及研究发现。【46题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Why did humans evolve to walk upright?(为什么人类进化成直立行走？)”以及划 线词后文 walking on two feet is one of the defining characteristics of being human, and scientists have debated for years how it came aboutn可知，用两只脚走路是人类的决定性特征之一，科学家们多年来一直在争论它是如何产生的。由此可知，划线词意思是“直立行走”。故选B。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 “In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimpanzees to walk on treadmill wh