初中英语语法专项学习之it用法小结.docx

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1、初中英语语法专项学习之it用法小结It用作实词表达以下概念：指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。一、it作人称代词的用法1 .指事物作为人称代词，it可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如：I dropped my watch and it broke.我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。It s hard work, but I enjoy it.工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。“Where is the dog?” It s in the bedroom.”狗在哪？”在 卧室

2、里”。2 .指人it指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如:Is it a boy or a girl?是男孩还是女孩？There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门， 一定是邮递员。【说明】在答语中，常用来指本人，如说It sme。3 .代替某些代词代词it还可用于代替指示代词this, that以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing 等。如：“What s this? It s a new machine. 这是什么？”“是一种新机器”。Nothing is wron

3、g, is it?没出什么问题，是吗？二、it作非人称代词的用法1 .基本用法it作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、 气候及温度等自然现象。如：It s too late to go there now.现在去那儿已经太迟了。It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了天的雨。It can get very hot here.这里有时会很热。2 .用于某些句型It s time for sth.该做某事了。ltJ s time to do sth.该做某事的时候了。It s time for sb to do sth.某人该干某事了。It s (abo

4、ut / high) time + that-从句.某人该做某事了。(从句谓语 用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”)It s first (second) time + that-从句.某人第几次干某事。(从句谓 语用现在完成时)It s+时间段+since-从句.自从有一段时间了。It s+时间段+ before-从句.过多长的时间才三、it用作形式主语1 .基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句 子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语ito如：It s very important to remember this. t己住这点彳艮重要。

5、It s hard work climbing mountains.爬山是费劲的事。It s unknown when he will come.他什么时候来还不知道。2 .用作形式主语的的重要句型(1) It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很难下定决心。It was foolish of her to say such a thing.她说那样的话，真是太蠢了。【说明】介词of与for的区别是：of用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，介词for表示对象，意为 “对来说

6、”。(2) It takes sb +时间段+ to do sth.某人做某事花了时间It takes years to master a new language.要花多年的时间才能掌 握一门新的语言。【说明】此句型可以有以下多变种变体：It took me an hour to write the letter.=The letter took me an hour (to write). =1 took an hour to write the letter.我写这封信花了一个小时(3) It is up to sb to do sth.该由某人做某事It s up to you to

7、to make the choice.得由你来作选择。(4) it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that as if* 7以乎It seemed as though he didn, t recognize me.他似乎没认出我来。It happened that I was out when he called.他打电话时我碰巧不 在家。(5) If it were not for-* / If it hadn, t been for* 若不是因为If it were not for their help, we couldn? t have got

8、 over the difficulties.要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们不克服不了的。四、it用作形式宾语1 .基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补 足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至 句末。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式（动名词或从句）、如：I find it difficult to do the job well.我发现做好这件事不容易。I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好住这儿。We think it no use complaining.我们认为抱怨是没有

9、用的。2.用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构(1)动词+ it + that-从句。如：I like it that you came你来了，我很高兴。I take it (that) he will come on time.我认为他会准时来的。You can put it that it was arranged before.你可以说这是以前安排 的。Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传I司, 国 防部长不久就要辞职。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有have, take, put, like 等。(2)动词

10、 + it + when (if)-从句。如：I dislike it when you whistle.我不爱听你吹 口 哨。We really appreciate it when she offered to help.她来帮忙了，我 们十分感激。r d prefer it if I didn t have to do so much work.要是我不必做那 么多工作，好就太好了。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。(3)动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如

11、：See to it that you? re not late again,注意千万不要再迟到。Look to it that this doesn t happen again.注意不要再发生这种事。You may rely on it that he II come to meet you.你放心，他会来 接你的。lean t answer foht that he w川come.我不能保证他会来。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。(4)动词+ it +介词短

12、语+ that-从句。如：I owe it to you that I am still alive.多亏有你我才仍然活着。I took it for granted that he would help us.我认为他会帮助我们的。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb? s attention, owe it to sb 等。it在强调句中的使用It is+被强调部分+that(who) +其他在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：1 .请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句2 .在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从

13、句。3 .在强调not until结构时必须把not与until 一起放到被强 调的位置上。4 .注意强调句型与定语从句的区别。5 .不管被强调部分是单数还是复数，其前一律用It is / It was, 而不能用They are / There were之类的。6 .被强调部分是指人时，被强调部分后可用that/who,被强调 部分指物时，被强调部分后只能用that。7 .被强调部分是指时间或地点时，被强调部分后通常用that, 一般不用when, where之类的。例：It is I who am right.是我对。It was you that were wrong. 是你错 了。It was in the Japan that he died.他是死于日本。It was yesterday that he got married.他是昨天结婚的。It was a computer that he bought last week.他上个星期买的是一 台电脑。Where was it that she lived?她是住在什么地方？When was it that he left for Japan?他是什么时候离开去日本的？Who is it that teaches you English?是谁教你们英语？