LianPinKoh_2013G[Lian Pin Koh][环境保护——无人机的视野].pdf

《LianPinKoh_2013G[Lian Pin Koh][环境保护——无人机的视野].pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《LianPinKoh_2013G[Lian Pin Koh][环境保护——无人机的视野].pdf（5页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、www.XiYuS锡育软件When we think of Nepal,we tend to think of the snow-capped mountains of the Himalayas,the crystal-clear stillwaters of its alpine lakes,or the huge expanse of itsgrasslands.想到尼泊尔,我们总是想到冰雪覆盖的 喜马拉雅山,还有高山湖泊中水晶般透明而平静的湖水,又或是那它广袤的草原。00:13What some of us may not realize is that in the Himalaya

2、nfoothills,where the climate is much warmer and thelandscape much greener,there lives a great diversity ofwildlife,including the one-horned rhinoceros,the Asianelephant and the Bengal tiger.但有些人也许没有意识到的是,在喜马拉雅山山麓,那里气候更加温暖,有更多的绿地,那里生活着种类繁多的野生动物,包括独角犀、亚洲象 和孟加拉虎。00:25But unfortunately,these animals are

3、 under constant threatfrom poachers who hunt and kill them for their body parts.但不幸的是,这些野生动物 一直以来都面临着偷猎者的威胁,这些偷猎者为了获取?而捕杀它们。00:43To stop the killing of these animals,battalions of soldiers andrangers are sent to protect Nepals national parks,but that isnot an easy task,because these soldiers have to

4、 patrolthousands of hectares of forests on foot or elephant backs.为了阻止这些偷猎行为,大量的士兵跟护林员 被派遣去保护尼泊尔的国家公园,但这并不是一个轻松的任务,因为这些士兵必须徒步 或者骑着大象 巡逻几千公顷的森林。00:51snow-capped:adj.积雪盖顶的 crystal-clear:adj.透明如水晶的;易懂的;非常清楚的 alpine:adj.阿尔卑斯山的,高山的expanse:n.宽阔;广阔的区域;苍天;膨胀扩张 grasslands:n.畜牧草原;大草原(grassland的复数形式)foothills:

5、n.山麓丘陵;前陆 greener:n.没经验的人,生手/adj.绿色的(green的比较级);未熟的 diversity:n.多样性;差异 rhinoceros:n.脊椎犀牛poachers:n.偷猎者;侵入者(poacher的复数)battalions:n.营,军营;军队,部队 rangers:n.流浪者;特种战线(ranger的复数)patrol:n.巡逻;巡逻队;侦察队/vt.巡逻;巡查/vi.巡逻;巡查 hectares:n.公顷(hectare的复数)It is also risky for these soldiers when they get into gunfightswi

6、th poachers,and therefore Nepal is always looking for newways to help with protecting the forests and wildlife.这也是一项危险的任务,因为他们可能会与偷猎者交火,所以,尼泊尔一直在寻找 保护森林与野生动物的 新方法。01:08Well recently,Nepal acquired a new tool in the fight againstwildlife crime,and these are drones,or more specifically,conservation dr

7、ones.最近,尼泊尔获得了一样新工具 用来对抗猎杀野生动物的罪行,这就是无人飞机,更确切地说,是环境保护无人机。01:20For about a year now,my colleagues and I have beenbuilding drones for Nepal and training the park protectionpersonnel on the use of these drones.在大约一年的时间中,我和我的同事 一直在为尼泊尔制造无人机,并培训公园保卫人员 如何使用这些无人机。01:30Not only does a drone give you a birds

8、-eye view of thelandscape,but it also allows you to capture detailed,high-resolution images of objects on the ground.无人机并不仅仅 给你鸟瞰的视野,它也可以捕捉到地面上细微的 高分辨率的物体的图像。01:39This,for example,is a pair of rhinoceros taking a cooling bathon a hot summer day in the lowlands of Nepal.例如,图中,炎热的夏天,一对犀牛正在尼泊尔的一处低地沼泽中

9、洗凉水澡。01:50Now we believe that drones have tremendous potential,notonly for combating wildlife crime,but also for monitoringthe health of these wildlife populations.我们相信,无人机具有 巨大的潜力,不只是用来对抗偷猎行为,也可以用来监察野生动物 的健康状况。01:59gunfights:n.枪战 fight against:v.对抗;反对;与作斗争 drones:n.雄蜂;(英)懒汉;遥控飞机(drone的复数形式)/v.混(日子)

10、;懒散地打发时间(drone的三单形式);闲散度日(drone的三单形式)conservation:n.保存，保持；保护 drone:n.雄蜂;嗡嗡的声音;懒惰者/vi.嗡嗡作声;混日子/vt.低沉地说 high-resolution:n.高分辨率 lowlands:n.苏格兰东南部的低地tremendous:adj.极大的，巨大的；惊人的；极好的 combating:战斗/与斗争/反对(combat的现在分词)monitoring:n.监视,自监控;检验,检查/v.监视,通信军监听,监督(monitor的ing形式)So what is a drone?那么,究竟什么是无人机？02:10We

11、ll,the kind of drone Im talking about is simply a modelaircraft fitted with an autopilot system,and this autopilotunit contains a tiny computer,a GPS,a compass,abarometric altimeter and a few other sensors.我正在谈论的这种无人机 简单来讲就是一种 搭载了自动驾驶仪的飞行器,这个自动驾驶仪包含了一个微型计算机,一个全球定位系统,一个指南仪,一个气压高度计,以及一些其他的传感器。02:12Now

12、 a drone like this is meant to carry a useful payload,suchas a video camera or a photographic camera.一个像这样的无人机 是用来载重有用的东西的,比如一个摄影机 或者一个照相机。02:29It also requires a software that allows the user to program a同时也需要一个软件给使用者 编写任务程序,来告诉无人机飞向哪里。02:37TED演讲者：Lian Pin Koh|Lian Pin Koh演讲标题：A drone.s-eye view of

13、 conservation|环境保护无人机的视野内容概要：Ecologist Lian Pin Koh makes a persuasive case for using drones to protect theworld.s forests and wildlife.These lightweight autonomous flying vehicles can track animals intheir natural habitat,monitor the health of rainforests,even combat crime by detectingpoachers via

14、thermal imaging.Added bonus?They.re also entirely affordable.生态学家Lian Pin Koh用有说服力的实例向我们讲述了如何用无人机保护地球上的森林和野生动物。这些轻巧的自动飞行器可以跟踪在自然栖息地里面的动物、监测热带雨林的健康状况、甚至用热成像技术侦测偷猎者以对抗偷猎行为。更不错的是，它们的价格非常有竞争力。It also requires a software that allows the user to program amission,to tell the drone where to go.诉无人机飞向哪里。02:3

15、7Now people I talk to are often surprised when they hear thatthese are the only four components that make a conservationdrone,but they are even more surprised when I tell themhow affordable these components are.当人们听到一架环境保护无人机 仅仅只有这四部分组成的时候,他们总是很惊奇,但当我告诉他们这些部件的价格 并不是那么贵的时候,他们显得更加惊讶。02:44The facts is,

16、a conservation drone doesnt cost very muchmore than a good laptop computer or a decent pair ofbinoculars.事实上,一架环境保护无人机 并不会比一台好的笔记本电脑,或者 一个像样的双目望远镜更加昂贵。02:57aircraft:n.飞机,航空器 fitted:adj.合适的;订做的;有设备的/v.适应(fit的过去分词);合适;为提供设备 autopilot:n.航自动驾驶仪(等于automaticpilot)barometric:adj.气压的 altimeter:n.测高仪,高度计 sen

17、sors:n.自传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数)payload:n.(导弹,火箭等的)有效载荷,有效负荷;收费载重,酬载;(工厂,企业等)工资负担 photographic:adj.摄影的;逼真的;(尤指记忆)详细准确的 affordable:adj.负担得起的 binoculars:n.光双筒望远镜;光双筒镜,光双目镜So now that youve built your own conservation drone,youprobably want to go fly it,but how does one fly a drone?那么现在你已经制造了自己的无人机,你肯定想让

18、它飞起来。但是如何使一架无人机飞起来呢？03:07Well,actually,you dont,because the drone flies itself.事实是,并不是你让它飞起来,因为,无人机自己就可以飞。03:14All you have to do is to program a mission to tell the dronewhere to fly.你所需要做的仅仅是设定一个任务,告诉无人机飞向哪里。03:18But you simply do that by clicking on a few way points onthe Google Maps interface us

19、ing the open-source software.但是你只需要在Google地图上 用开源软件 点击一些路径点。03:23Those missions could be as simple as just a few way points,orthey could be slightly longer and more complicated,to flyalong a river system.这些任务可以仅仅只是 简单的几个路径点,或者他们可以更长一些更加复杂一些,比如沿着河流飞行。03:31Sometimes,we fly the drone in a lawnmower-typ

20、e patternand take pictures of that area,and those pictures can beprocessed to produce a map of that forest.有时候,我们让无人机按照一个 除草机的路径飞行,为一片区域拍照,这些图片可以被处理 成为那片森林的地图。03:41Other researchers might want to fly the drone along theboundaries of a forest to watch out for poachers or peoplewho might be trying to

21、enter the forest illegally.其他的研究者,也许想要让无人机 沿着森林的边界飞行,来阻止偷猎者或者 其他试图非法进入森林的人。03:51Now whatever your mission is,once youve programmed it,you simply upload it to the autopilot system,bring yourdrone to the field,and launch it simply by tossing it in theair.不管你的目的是什么,一旦你设定了它,你只需要上传它到无人机的自动飞行系统,把你的无人机带到空旷

22、的地方,把它掷向空中来使它起飞。04:01open-source:adj.(计算机)开放源代码 illegally:adv.非法地 upload:vt.上传 tossing:n.洗矿;抖动,摇动;颠簸And often well go about this mission taking pictures orvideos along the way,and usually at that point,we will gograb ourselves a cup of coffee,sit back,and relax for the nextfew minutes,我们经常让无人机 沿途拍摄照

23、片,录制录像,通常这时候,我们就会给自己一杯咖啡,坐下,放松几分钟,04:12although some of us sit back and panic for the next fewminutes worrying that the drone will not return.尽管也会有人坐下后开始担忧 无人机会不会安全返航。04:25Usually it does,and when it does,it even lands automatically.通常它都能返航,它甚至可以自动着陆。04:31So what can we do with a conservation drone?

24、那么我们能用环境保护无人机做什么呢？04:36Well,when we built our first prototype drone,our mainobjective was to fly it over a remote rainforest in NorthSumatra,Indonesia,to look for the nest of a species of greatape known as the orangutan.当我们制造我们的第一架原型机时,我们的主要任务就是让它飞到 一片遥远的雨林,在印度尼西亚的北苏门答腊,去寻找一种大型猿类,即红毛猩猩的巢穴。04:39The r

25、eason we wanted to do that was because we needed toknow how many individuals of this species are still left in thatforest.我们这样做是因为 我们想知道在那片雨林中 还剩下多少只红毛猩猩。04:54Now the traditional method of surveying for orangutans isto walk the forest on foot carrying heavy equipment and touse a pair of binoculars t

26、o look up in the treetops where youmight find an orangutan or its nest.通常传统的搜寻红毛猩猩的方法 是带上沉重的装备 徒步穿越雨林,用双目望远镜在雨林顶端寻找,你可能会找到一只红毛猩猩,或者它的巢穴。05:02go about:v.着手做;四处走动;传开;从事 grab:vt.攫取;霸占;将深深吸引/vi.攫取;夺取/n.攫取;霸占;夺取之物 sit back:休息;不采取行动 automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地/adj.不经思索的 rainforest:n.(热带)雨林 Sumatra:n.气象

27、苏门答腊岛(印尼西部的大岛)ape:n.脊椎猿;傻瓜;模仿者/vt.模仿;抢台词/adj.狂热的 orangutan:n.脊椎猩猩(等于orangoutang)surveying:n.(土地)测量;考察 orangutans:n.脊椎猩猩(orangutan的复数)treetops:n.树顶公园(肯尼亚高原境内);树顶酒店Now as you can imagine,that is a very time-consuming,labor-intensive,and costly process,so we were hoping thatdrones could significantly r

28、educe the cost of surveying fororangutan populations in Indonesia and elsewhere in你可以想象 这是一件多么耗费时间,耗费人力,多么昂贵的工程,所以我们希望无人机 能够极大地减少统计 在印度尼西亚和在其他东南亚地区的 红毛猩猩的数量的成本。05:17orangutan populations in Indonesia and elsewhere inSoutheast Asia.So we were very excited when we captured our first pair oforangutan n

29、ests on camera.所以当我们用相机找到第一对红毛猩猩巢穴的时候,我们非常兴奋。05:34And this is it;this is the first ever picture of orangutan neststaken with a drone.这就是那张照片,第一张用无人机拍摄的 红毛猩猩巢穴的照片。05:39Since then we have taken pictures of dozens of these nestsfrom around various parts of Southeast Asia,and were nowworking with comput

30、er scientists to develop algorithms thatcan automatically count the number of nests from thethousands of photos weve collected so far.我们在东南亚的不同地方 都拍到了很多 这样的巢穴的照片,现在我们正和计算机科学家们 一起开发计算方法,用我们已有的数千张照片自动计算 巢穴的数量。05:45But nests are not the only objects these drones can detect.但是,红毛猩猩巢穴,不是 无人机可以侦测到的唯一的东西。0

31、6:03This is a wild orangutan happily feeding on top of a palmtree,seemingly oblivious to our drone that was flyingoverhead,not once but several times.这是一个野生红毛猩猩 在一棵棕榈树顶开心地进食,完全没有察觉到我们的无人机正飞行在它的头顶,不是一次,而是很多次。06:07time-consuming:adj.耗时的;旷日持久的 labor-intensive:adj.劳动密集型的 significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地Sou

32、theast:adj.东南的;来自东南的/n.东南;东南地区/adv.来自东南 oblivious:adj.遗忘的;健忘的;不注意的;不知道的Weve also taken pictures of other animals including forestbuffalos in Gabon,elephants,and even turtle nests.我们也拍摄了很多其他动物的照片,包括在加蓬的森林水牛,大象,甚至乌龟巢。06:18But besides taking pictures of just the animals themselves,wealso take pictures

33、of the habitats these animals live in,because we want to keep track of the health of thesehabitats.但是除了拍摄野生动物的照片,我们也拍摄它们的栖息地,因为我们想要跟踪 这些栖息地的生态状况。06:27Sometimes,we zoom out a little and look at other things thatmight be happening in the landscape.有时候,我们会把画面缩小 来观察整个大环境 是否正在发生变化。06:39This is an oil pal

34、m plantation in Sumatra.这是一片苏门答腊的油棕榈种植园。06:45Now oil palm is a major driver of deforestation in that partof the world,so we wanted to use this new drone technologyto keep track of the spread of these plantations in SoutheastAsia.现在,在苏门答腊,油棕榈种植 是滥伐森林的主要推动力,所以我们想要用这种新的无人机技术 跟踪这些种植园 在东南亚的扩散。06:48But dr

35、ones could also be used to keep track of illegallogging activities.无人机也可以被用于跟踪 非法的木材砍伐。07:01This is a recently logged forest,again in Sumatra.这是一张被最近刚砍伐过的森林的照片,也是在苏门答腊。07:06buffalos:n.畜牧脊椎水牛;脊椎野牛(产于北美);水陆两用坦克 habitats:n.生态栖息地;(动植物的)经产地(habitat的复数形式)keep track of:记录;与保持联系 oil palm:作物油棕;油棕榈树 deforesta

36、tion:n.采伐森林;森林开伐 to keeptrack:循规蹈矩 plantations:n.农种植园(plantation的复数形式)logging:n.记录;伐木工作/v.把锯成段木;砍伐树木(log的ing形式)logged:adj.笨拙的;锯成圆木的;停滞的;进水的/v.伐树;把树木锯成段木;记入航海日志;把输入计算机(log的过去分词)You could even still see the processed wooden planks left onthe ground.你甚至还可以看到 留在地上的被处理过的木板。07:10But perhaps the most excit

37、ing part about taking picturesfrom the air is we could later stitch these pictures togetherusing special software to create a map of the entirelandscape,and this map gives us crucial information formonitoring land use change,但是在空中拍照 最激动人心的也许是,后期我们可以用特殊的软件把这些照片 拼合在一起,来制造一张全景地图,这张地图 可以给我们提供 监测土地使用状况的关

38、键信息,07:16to let us know where and when plantations might beexpanding,where forests might be contracting,or wherefires might be breaking out.让我们知道何时何地种植园也许正在扩张,哪里森林也许正在收缩,哪里也许有火灾。07:33Aerial images could also be processed to produce three-dimensional computer models of forests.这些航空图片 也可以被制作成森林的 三维电脑模

39、型。07:42www.XiYuS锡育软件Now these models are not just visually appealing,but theyare also geometrically accurate,which means researchers cannow measure the distance between trees,calculate surfacearea,the volume of vegetation,and so on,all of which areimportant information for monitoring the health of t

40、heseforests.这些模型不仅仅在视觉上吸引人,它们也非常精确,这就意味着,研究者们可以测量 树木之间的距离,计算表面积,植被体积等等,这些都是非常重要的数据,可以用来监测这些森林的生态状况。07:49planks:木木板 stitch:n.针脚，线迹；一针/vt.缝，缝合/vi.缝，缝合 contracting:adj.缔约的;承包的;收缩的 three-dimensional:adj.三维的;立体的;真实的 visually:adv.形象化地;外表上;看得见地 geometrically:adv.用几何学;几何学上地;按几何级数地 vegetation:n.植被;植物,草木;呆板单调

41、的生活Recently,weve also begun experimenting with thermalimaging cameras.最近,我们也开始了 热成像相机的试验。08:09Now these cameras can detect heat-emitting objects fromthe ground,and therefore they are very useful for detectingpoachers or their campfires at night.这些相机可以检测 地面上的热源物体,因此,它们在侦测偷猎者和他们夜晚的营火时特别有用。08:13So Ive

42、told you quite a lot about what conservation dronesare,how you might operate one of these drones,and what adrone could do for you.我已经跟你讲了很多关于 什么是环境保护无人机,如何操纵无人机,和无人机能为你做些什么。08:25I will now tell you where conservation drones are being usedaround the world.我现在将告诉你世界上哪些地方 正在使用环境保护无人机。08:33We built our

43、first prototype drones in Switzerland.我们在瑞士制造了第一架原型机。08:38We brought a few of these to Indonesia for the first few testflights.我们带了一些到印度尼西亚 做一些首次的测试飞行。08:41Since then,weve been building drones for our collaboratorsfrom around the world,and these include fellow biologistsand partners from major conse

44、rvation organizations.从那以后,我们一直在为我们全世界的合作者 制造无人机,包括生物学家,和来自大型环境保护组织的合作者。08:45Perhaps the best and most rewarding part about workingwith these collaborators is the feedback they give us on howto improve our drones.也许与这些合作者工作中 最好的最有价值的部分就是他们给我们的关于如何 改进我们的无人机的反馈。08:56experimenting:adj.乐于尝试的/v.试验实验;尝试(e

45、xperiment的ing形式)thermal:adj.热的;热量的;保热的/n.上升的热气流 detecting:n.检测;检定/v.发现;探知(detect的现在分词)/adj.探测的 campfires:n.营火;营火会 collaborators:n.劳经合作者;投敌者(collaborator的复数)biologists:n.生物学家(biologist的复数)Building drones for us is a constant work in progress.制造无人机 是一个要一直持续下去的工作。09:04We are constantly trying to improv

46、e them in terms of theirrange,their ruggedness,and the amount of payload they cancarry.我们一直在试图不断地改进无人机,比如飞行距离、对恶劣环境的耐受性,能携带的最大荷载等。09:09We also work with collaborators to discover new ways ofusing these drones.我们也与合作者一起 发现运用无人机的新方法。09:17For example,camera traps are a common tool used bybiologists to

47、take pictures of shy animals hiding in theforests,but these are motion-activated cameras,so they snapa picture every time an animal crosses their path.例如,相机陷阱 是生物学家们通用的给那些藏在树林里 的害羞的动物拍照的方法,但是这些是触发式的相机,当一个动物穿过它们的路径时 才会拍照。09:22But the problem with camera traps is that the researcher hasto go back to t

48、he forest every so often to retrieve thoseimages,and that takes a lot of time,especially if there aredozens or hundreds of these cameras placed in the forest.这些相机陷阱的问题在于 研究者必须频繁地 回到森林中去取回这些照片,这花费很多时间,特别是当森林中 放有数百个照相机时。09:38Now a drone could be designed to perform the task muchmore efficiently.现在,无人机

49、可以更加高效地 完成这项工作。09:53This drone,carrying a special sensor,could be flown overthe forest and remotely download these images from wi-fi?Cenabled cameras.携带着特殊传感器的无人机 可以在森林上空 远距离地,从能发射wifi信号的相机中 下载图像。09:58in terms of:依据;按照;在方面;以措词 every so often:adv.偶尔;常常;时常 retrieve:vt.计检索;恢复;重新得到/vi.找回猎物/n.计检索;恢复,取回 e

50、fficiently:adv.有效地;效率高地(efficient的副词形式)sensor:n.传感器 flown:v.fly的过去分词remotely:adv.遥远地;偏僻地;(程度)极微地,极轻地Radio collars are another tool thats commonly used bybiologists.无线电项圈是另一种 被生物学家广泛运用的工具。10:10Now these collars are put onto animals.这些项圈被放置在动物身上。10:14They transmit a radio signal which allows the resea