MihalyCsikszentmihalyi_2004[米哈里.契克森米哈][谈流动].pdf
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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件I grew up in Europe,and World War II caught me when I wasbetween seven and 10 years old.我在欧洲长大 那时正好是二战时期 我是7岁到10岁的光景00:12And I realized how few of the grown-ups that I knew wereable to withstand the tragedies that the war visited on them-how few of them could even resemble a normal,cont
2、ented,我体会到 身边的大人 没有几个能够经受得起战争带给他们的创伤 很少可以重建起一种正常的、舒心的00:21satisfied,happy life once their job,their home,their securitywas destroyed by the war.满意的、快乐的生活 因为他们的工作、家庭以及安全都因为战争而失去00:46So I became interested in understanding what contributedto a life that was worth living.于是我开始对 什么元素的注入可以丰富人们的生活这一话题发生兴趣
3、00:57And I tried,as a child,as a teenager,to read philosophy andto get involved in art and religion and many other ways that Icould see as a possible answer to that question.那是我还是孩子 不过也开始读哲学的书 并且尝试过艺术、宗教等各种我认为 可以为我解开谜团的途径01:05And finally I ended up encountering psychology by chance.最终则是意外的与心理学结了缘01:
4、23Actually I was at a ski resort in Switzerland without anymoney to actually enjoy myself,because the snow hadmelted and there was-那次我去到了瑞士的一个滑雪胜地 身上分文都没有 我是去那玩的 那时雪已消融01:32grown-ups:n.成人(grown-up的复数形式)tragedies:n.悲剧(tragedy的复数)resemble:vt.类似,像 contented:adj.满足的;心安的/v.使满足;使安心(content的过去式和过去分词)contri
5、buted:adj.贡献的,分配的;已缴入的/v.有助于,贡献(contribute的过去分词)encountering:遭遇/邂逅/特殊经历 psychology:n.心理学;心理状态 by chance:偶然;意外地ski:n.滑雪橇/vi.滑雪/adj.滑雪(用)的 melted:adj.融化的;溶解的/v.融化;溶解(melt的过去式)I didnt have money to go to a movie,but I found that on the-I read in the newspapers that there was to be apresentation by some
6、one in a place that Id seen in thecenter of Zurich,and it was about flying saucers he wasgoing to talk.我没钱去看电影 但是我从报纸上看到说 将会有一场演讲 地点是苏黎世市中心一个我去过的地方 他要讲的是飞碟01:45And I thought,well,since I cant go to the movies,at least Iwill go for free to listen to flying saucers.我就想 既然不能去看电影 但至少可以去听一下这个讲飞碟的演讲吧02:07
7、And the man who talked at that evening lecture was veryinteresting.那晚上的演讲非常有趣02:15And it-actually,instead of talking about little green men,he talked about how the psyche of the Europeans had beentraumatized by the war and now theyre projecting flyingsaucers into the sky,kind of as a-他没有讲绿色皮肤的外星人 他讲
8、到欧洲人的心灵如何因为 二战而受到了创伤 因而就以放飞碟来自娱02:24he talked about how the mandalas of ancient Hindu religionwere kind of projected into the sky as an attempt to regainsome sense of order after the chaos of war.他还讲到古代印度的曼荼罗 也是在战后 被人扔到天空 以此来重新建立一种秩序02:40And this seemed very interesting to me.我对此很感兴趣02:56saucers:(放茶
9、杯的)浅碟/茶托/茶碟(saucer的复数)psyche:n.灵魂;心智 traumatized:adj.心理受到创伤的/v.使受创伤(traumatize的过去式和过去分词)projecting:adj.突出的;伸出的/v.使突出(project的现在分词);计划;发射 projected:adj.投影的,投射/v.投射(project的过去分词);计划 regain:vt.恢复;重新获得;收回/vi.上涨/n.收复;取回And I started reading his books after that lecture.于是就开始读相关的书02:59And that was Carl Ju
10、ng,whose name or work I had no ideaabout.那人的名字是荣格 而那时我还不知道这个名字03:02Then I came to this country to study psychology and I startedtrying to understand these roots of happiness.后来就到了美国学习心理学 我开始探寻幸福之本源03:10This is a typical result that many people have presented,andthere are many variations on it.这是很多人都
11、展示过的一个结果 有很多个版本03:20But this,for instance,shows that about 30 percent of thepeople surveyed in the United States since 1956 say thattheir life is very happy.而这一个则显示 自1956年有调查记录以来 有30%的美国受访公民 说他们的生活非常快乐03:28And that hasnt changed at all.这一点几乎没有变03:40Whereas the personal income,on a scale that has bee
12、n held但是同一时期的人均收入则增加了 两倍以上 接近三倍 这一统计已经是把通货膨胀算进去了03:42TED演讲者:Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi|米哈里.契克森米哈演讲标题:Creativity,fulfillment and flow|谈流动内容概要:Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has contributed pioneering work to our understanding ofhappiness,creativity,human fulfillment and the notion of flow-a state of heightened
13、 focusand immersion in activities such as art,play and work.米哈里.契克森米哈提出这样一个问题:“什么样的生活才是值得过的?”金钱并不能增进我们的幸福值,米哈里.契克森米哈则通过对那些追求长久满足与快乐的人的研究,带出对“流动”这样一个心理状态的探讨。Whereas the personal income,on a scale that has been heldconstant to accommodate for inflation,has more thandoubled,almost tripled,in that perio
14、d.三倍 这一统计已经是把通货膨胀算进去了03:42But you find essentially the same results,namely,that after acertain basic point which corresponds more or less to just afew 1,000 dollars above the minimum poverty level,increasesin material well-being dont seem to affect how happypeople are.可是 结果基本是一致的 就是说 到了温饱线之上1000美元之后
15、的某个点 收入的增加不会影响人们的幸福值03:54variations:n.变奏曲,变更;生物变种(variation的复数形式)surveyed:v.调查,俯视(survey的过去式和过去分词形式);考察,调研 accommodate:vt.容纳;使适应;供应;调解/vi.适应;调解 tripled:adj.三倍的;三方的/n.三倍数;三个一组/vi.增至三倍/vt.使成三倍 corresponds:vi.符合,一致;相应;通信 more or less:或多或少 well-being:n.幸福;康乐And,in fact,you can find that the lack of basi
16、c resources,material resources,contributes to unhappiness,but theincrease in material resources do not increase happiness.而基本生活物资之匮乏 则会导致不幸福 但持续的物质财富之增长并不会带来更大的幸福04:14So my research has been focused more on-after finding outthese things that actually corresponded to my ownexperience,I tried to under
17、stand now,where in everyday life,in our normal experience,do we feel really happy.所以 当我发现这些东西与我自身的经历相吻合时我在后来的研究里 就开始询问 在正常的日常生活中 我们怎么才会感到幸福04:30And to start that-those studies about 40 years ago,I beganto look at creative people-first artists and scientists and soforth-trying to understand研究刚开始的时候 我
18、寻找那些有创意的人士 首先是艺术家、科学家04:54what made them feel that it was worth essentially spendingtheir life doing things for which many of them didnt expecteither fame or fortune,but which made their life meaningfuland worth doing.我尝试找到 是什么让他们感觉自己的一生是值得的 他们做的很多事情都不能带来荣誉和财富 但那样的事情使得他们的人生充满意义05:09This was one of t
19、he leading composers of American musicback in the 70s.这是1970年代美国最出色的一位作曲家05:30And the interview was 40 pages long.我跟他的对话记录长达40页05:36But this little excerpt is a very good summary of what he wassaying during the interview.而这一段则是一个很好的总结 是对他的发言的总结05:39contributes:图情投稿/经捐助/经捐献(contribute的第三人称单数)correspo
20、nded:v.符合;通信(correspond的过去分词);相当 composers:n.作曲家;作曲者(composer的复数形式)excerpt:n.摘录,引用/vt.引用,摘录/vi.摘录,引用And it describes how he feels when composing is going well.它描绘出作曲家在写曲子时的感受05:47And he says by describing it as an ecstatic state.他讲的时候也是一种狂喜的状态05:52Now ecstasy in Greek meant simply to stand to the si
21、de ofsomething.而狂喜一词在希腊语里的意思是 站在某个东西的边上05:56And then it became essentially an analogy for a mental statewhere you feel that you are not doing your ordinaryeveryday routines.后来就成为一种心智状态的代名词 用来形容非正常的行为06:01So ecstasy is essentially a stepping into an alternative reality.换言之 狂喜就是一种超越寻常的感觉06:14And its i
22、nteresting,if you think about it,how,when we thinkabout the civilizations that we look up to as having beenpinnacles of human achievement-whether its China,Greece,Hindu civilization,有趣的是 当我们想起 那些被公认为人类文明之巅峰的文明时 不管是在中国、希腊或者是印度06:20or the Mayas,or Egyptians-what we know about them isreally about their
23、 ecstasies,not about their everyday life.或玛雅、或埃及 我们所听说的 都是关于他们的狂喜的故事 而不是他们日常生活的琐事06:36composing:n.组成;印刷排字/adj.起镇静作用的/v.组成;写作(compose的ing形式)describing:v.描述;表示(describe的ing形式)/adj.描述的 ecstatic:adj.狂喜的;入迷的/n.狂喜的人 ecstasy:n.狂喜;入迷;忘形 stand to:遵守,坚持 analogy:n.类比;类推;类似 routines:n.常规,惯例(routine的复数);日常生活;日常活
24、动 civilizations:n.文明(civilization的复数形式)look up to:尊敬 pinnacles:n.尖峰;顶峰;尖塔(pinnacle的复数形式)/v.将至于极高的位置;筑小尖塔(pinnacle的第三人称单数形式)ecstasies:n.狂喜;入迷;忘形We know the temples they built so-where people couldcome to experience a different reality.我们知道他们建了大型的殿堂 人们可以去到那样的地方去感受不一样的现实06:46We know about the circuses,
25、the arenas,the theaters-these are the remains of civilizations and they are the placesthat people went to experience life in a more concentrated,more ordered form.还有马戏团的故事 斗兽场 戏院 这些都是文明之遗迹 也是当时的人们经常光顾的地方 他们去到那里去体验一种更加紧凑 更具节奏的生活06:51Now,this man doesnt need to go to a place like this,which isalso-thi
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