JohnKasaona_2010[约翰.卡萨奥纳][从偷猎者到保护者].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件In Africa we say,God gave the white man a watch and gavethe black man time.在非洲,我们说:“上帝给了白人一块手表,却给了黑人时间。00:16(Laughter)I think,how is it possible for a man with so muchtime to tell his story in 18 minutes?（笑声）我想,怎么可能 让人用这么长时间 在18分钟内讲完他的故事。00:23I think it will be quite a challenge for me.

2、这对我真是个挑战。00:33Most African stories these days,they talk about famine,HIVand AIDS,poverty or war.现在大家讨论的大部分关于非洲的事情 都是饥饿、艾滋病、贫穷或者战争。00:36But my story that I would like to share with you today is theone about success.但今天我要与大家分享的故事 是关于成功的。00:45It is about a country in the southwest of Africa calledNamib

3、ia.是关于 一个位于非洲西南部的国家 叫做纳米比亚。00:50Namibia has got 2.1 million people,but it is only twice thesize of California.纳米比亚的人口有210万,但国土面积只有两个加利福尼亚那么大。00:57I come from a region in the remote northwest part of thecountry.我来自 纳米比亚西北部的一个偏远地区,01:05Its called Kunene region.叫做库内内。01:10And in the center of Kunene re

4、gion is the village ofSesfontein.This is where I was born.位于库内内中部 有一个叫Sesfontain的村子。这是我出生的地方。01:12This is where Im coming from.我就从那里来的。01:17Most people that are following the story of Angelina Jolieand Brad Pitt will know where Namibia is.大部分人因为 安吉丽娜.朱莉 和布拉德.皮特的原因 知道了纳米比亚在哪里。01:19southwest:n.西南方/adj

5、.西南的/adv.往西南;来自西南 northwest:adj.西北的;向西北的;来自西北的/n.西北/adv.在西北;向西北;来自西北They love Namibia for its beautiful dunes,that are even tallerthan the Empire State Building.他们喜爱纳米比亚 那美丽的沙丘,甚至比 帝国大厦还要高。01:28Wind and time have twisted our landscape into very strangeshapes,and these shapes are speckled with wildli

6、fe that hasbecome so adapted to this harsh and strange land.风力和时间将我们的地貌 改变成非常奇特的形状。而这些地形让野生动物们 变得如此适应 这恶劣而奇特的土地。01:38Im a Himba.我是辛巴族人。01:53You might wonder,why are you wearing these Westernclothes?你可能会想,你为什么穿着西方人的衣服？01:55Im a Himba and Namibian.我是辛巴族人,也是纳米比亚人。01:59A Himba is one of the 29 ethnic gr

7、oups in Namibia.辛巴族是纳米比亚29个 民族之一。02:01We live a very traditional lifestyle.我们有自己传统的生活方式。02:05I grew up herding,looking after our livestock-goats,sheepand cattle.我放牧长大,饲养家畜 山羊、绵羊和牛。02:09And one day,my father actually took me into the bush.有一天,我父亲带我去丛林。02:16He said,John,I want you to become a good her

8、der.他说:“约翰,我想让你成为一个优秀的牧人。02:21Boy,if you are looking after our livestock and you see acheetah eating our goat-cheetah is very nervous-justwalk up to it.孩子,如果你在照看家畜的时候 碰到一只猎豹 在吃我们的山羊,猎豹其实是很紧张的。你只要走近它,02:26dunes:n.地理沙丘(dune的复数)twisted:adj.扭曲的/v.扭动(twist的过去式)speckled:adj.有斑点的;如斑点般散布的/v.点缀(speckle的过去式和过

9、去分词)adapted:adj.适合的/v.使适应,改编(adapt的过去式)harsh:adj.严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的/ethnic:adj.种族的;人种的 herding:n.集中畜群;畜牧/v.聚在一起;牧放(herd的ing形式)herder:n.牧人;(美俚)监狱看守 cheetah:n.脊椎猎豹Walk up to it and smack it on the backside.走近它然后从背后狠狠把它打到。”02:37(Laughter)And he will let go of the goat and run off.（笑声）“它就会放了山羊 然后跑掉。”02

10、:40But then he said,Boy,if you run into a lion,dont move.然后他又说,“孩子,如果你碰到一头狮子,不要动。02:46Dont move.Stand your ground.千万不要动。站在那。02:56Puff up and just look it in the eye and it may not want tofight you.沉住气,就看着它的眼睛,它可能并不想和你打架。”02:59(Laughter)But then,he said,If you see a leopard,boy,you（笑声）接着,他说道,“如果你看到一只

11、金钱豹,孩子,你最好撒腿就跑。”03:05TED演讲者：John Kasaona|约翰.卡萨奥纳演讲标题：John Kasaona:How poachers became caretakers|从偷猎者到保护者内容概要：John Kasaona is a pioneer of community-based conservation-working with thepeople who use and live on fragile land to enlist them in protecting it.在他的家乡纳米比亚，约翰.卡萨奥纳开创了保护濒危动物的新方法:让附近的村民（包括原来的偷

12、猎者）来保护它们。这个方法取得了很好的效果。(Laughter)But then,he said,If you see a leopard,boy,youbetter run like hell.孩子,你最好撒腿就跑。”03:05(Laughter)Imagine you run faster than those goats you arelooking after.（笑声)“想象你比养的那些所有羊跑得都快。”03:19In this way-以这种方式03:26(Laughter)In this way,I actually started to learn aboutnature.（笑声

13、）以这种方式,我真正开始了解自然。03:28In addition to being an ordinary Namibian and in additionto being a Himba Im also a trained conservationist.除了作为一个普通的纳米比亚人,除了作为一个辛巴族人,我还是一名自然资源保护者。03:35And it is very important if you are in the field to know whatto confront and what to run from.在大自然中,很重要的是 你要知道要面对什么 和逃离什么。03:4

14、3smack:n.滋味;少量;海洛因;风味/vt.掴;用掌击/vi.用掌击;带有风味/adv.猛然;直接地 backside:n.背部;后方;臀部 run off:逃跑;印出;流掉;进行决赛 run into:遭遇,陷入;撞上,撞到;偶然遇见 Puff:vt.喷出,张开;使膨胀;夸张;使骄傲自满/vi.膨胀;张开;鼓吹;夸张/n.粉扑;泡芙;蓬松;一阵喷烟;肿块;吹嘘,宣传广告 leopard:n.豹;美洲豹 In addition to:除之外 confront:vt.面对;遭遇;比较I was born in 1971.我出生于1971年。03:51We lived under apart

15、heid regime.曾经生活在种族隔离体制下,03:53The whites could farm,graze and hunt as they wished,butwe black,we were not regarded as responsible to usewildlife.白人可以随意地种地、放牧 和打猎,但是我们黑人,我们是不被容许 接触野生动物的。03:57Whenever we tried to hunt,we were called poachers.当我们想要去打猎时,我们被叫做偷猎的人。04:07And as a result,we were fined and l

16、ocked up in jail.结果,我们被罚款还被关进监牢。04:11Between 1966 and 1990,the U.S.and Soviet interests foughtfor control over my country.在1966年到1990年间,美国与苏联 为争夺对我国的控制权而发生战争。04:16And you know,during war time,there are militaries,armies,that are moving around.在战争时期,到处都是军队和军人。04:25And the army hunted for valuable rhi

17、no horns and tusks.军人捕猎犀牛,要猎取珍贵的犀牛角 和象牙。04:30They could sell these things for anything between他们可以卖到04:35$5,000 a kilo.一公斤5000美元。04:38apartheid:n.种族隔离 regime:n.政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制 graze:vt.放牧;擦伤/vi.吃草;擦伤/n.放牧;轻擦 regarded:注重/看待/尊敬/把看作/与有关(regard的过去式)responsible to:负责 poachers:n.偷猎者;侵入者(poacher的复数)fined:v

18、.罚钱(fine的过去式)militaries:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的/n.军队;军人 rhino:n.犀牛(等于rhinoceros);钱;现金 horns:n.喇叭;号;角制品;警报器(horn的复数)/v.截锯的角;用角抵撞;给装角(horn的三单形式)tusks:n.獠牙(tusk的复数);建墙面牙石/v.用长牙掘(tusk的第三人称单数)kilo:n.千克During the same year almost every Himba had a rifle.在同一年,几乎每个辛巴族人都有一支来复枪。04:40Because it was wartime,the Briti

19、sh.303 rifle was just all overthe whole country.因为是在战争年代,英式.303来复枪 遍布整个国家。04:45Then in the same time,around 1980,we had a very bigdrought.同时,在1980年前后,我们遭受了非常严重的干旱。04:53It killed almost everything that was left.几乎所有剩下的生物都死亡了。04:58Our livestock was almost at the brink of extinction,protectedas well.我们

20、的牲畜 几乎濒临灭绝,无法保护。05:01We were hungry.我们非常饥饿。05:07I remember a night when a hungry leopard went into thehouse of one of our neighbors and took a sleeping child outof the bed.我记得有一天晚上,一头饿极了的美洲豹 窜进 一个邻居的房子 叼走了正在床上睡觉的孩子。05:09www.XiYuS锡育软件Its a very sad story.实在太惨了。05:19But even today,that memory is still

21、 in peoples minds.直到今天,人们还记得这场惨剧。05:22They can pinpoint the exact location where this allhappened.可以准确指出 惨剧发生的确切地点。05:26And then,in the same year,we almost lost everything.在同一年,我们几乎失去了一切。05:31And my father said,Why dont you just go to school?我父亲说,“为什么你不去学校呢？”05:36And they sent me off to school,just

22、to get busy somewherethere.然后他们把我送进学校,只是为了让我忙碌起来。05:40wartime:n.战时 drought:n.干旱;缺乏 brink:n.(峭壁的)边缘 pinpoint:vt.查明;精确地找到;准确描述/adj.精确的;详尽的/n.针尖;精确位置;极小之物And the year I went to school,my father actually got a jobwith a non-governmental organization called IRDNC,Integrated Rural Development and Nature C

23、onservation.那年我去了学校读书,我父亲在一个叫做IRDNC(农村综合发展与自然保护）的非政府组织机构找到一份工作。05:43They actually spend a lot of time a year in the communities.他们每年要在各个部落花大量时间的工作。They actually spend a lot of time a year in the communities.05:52They were trusted by the local communities like our leader,Joshua Kangombe.当地部落都很信任他们,像我

24、们部落的首领,Joshua Kangombe.05:56Joshua Kangombe saw what was happening:wildlifedisappearing,poaching was skyrocketing,and the situationseemed very hopeless.Joshua Kangombe目睹了所有发生的一切:野生动物正在消失、偷猎猖獗、情况看起来那么无望。06:02Death and despair surrounded Joshua and our entirecommunities.死亡与绝望的情绪在Joshua 和所有的部落周围蔓延。06:1

25、2But then,the people from IRDNC proposed to Joshua:Whatif we pay people that you trust to look after wildlife?后来,IRDNC的人给Joshua提议说:不如我掏钱让你信任的人 去保护野生动物,怎么样？06:18Do you have anybody in your communities,or people,thatknow the bush very well and that know wildlife very well?部落里有没有 非常了解丛林 也非常了解野生动物的人？06:

26、30The headman said:Yes.Our poachers.首领说:“有啊。我们的偷猎手。”06:38non-governmental:非政府的;非官方的 Integrated:adj.综合的;完整的;互相协调的/v.整合;使成整体(integrate的过去分词)Conservation:n.保存，保持；保护 poaching:n.非法狩猎;物色人才;漂洗;低温煮/v.把踏成泥浆;非法猎取;漂洗;窃取(poach的ing形式)skyrocketing:n.价格飞涨;突涨,飞升/v.火箭式地上升;鲁莽行事(skyrocket的ing形式)proposed:adj.被提议的;所推荐的/

27、v.提议;计划(propose的过去式和过去分词)headman:n.首领;酋长;工头Eh?The poachers?“啊？偷猎手？”06:42Yes.Our poachers.“是的。我们的偷猎手。”?06:44And that was my father.那就是我父亲。06:46My father has been a poacher for quite a long time.我父亲当偷猎手很长时间了,06:49Instead of shooting poachers dead like they were doingelsewhere in Africa,IRDNC has helpe

28、d men reclaim theirabilities to manage their peoples and their rights to own andmanage wildlife.IRDNC没有 像在非洲其他地方那样去惩罚偷猎手,而是帮助他们重新找回 管理自己人民的能力 和拥有与管理野生动物的权利。06:53And thus,as people started feeling ownership over wildlife,wildlife numbers started coming back,and thats actuallybecoming a foundation for

29、 conservation in Namibia.后来,当人们开始感觉到有了野生动物的拥有权,野生动物的数量开始回升,这其实成为纳米比亚保护区的一个根基。07:10With independence,the whole approach of communitygetting involved was embraced by our new government.拥有了独立,整个部落所做的努力 得到了新政府的拥护。07:22Three things that actually help to build on this foundation:The very first one is hono

30、ring of tradition and being open tonew ideas.有三件事情真正对建立这个根基起了帮助作用 首先是 以传统为荣并接纳新观念。07:28Here is our tradition:At every Himba village,there is a sacredfire.这是我们的传统。在每一个辛巴族村子,都会点燃圣火。07:37poacher:n.偷猎者;侵入者;炖蛋锅 reclaim:vt.开拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改/vi.抗议,喊叫/n.改造,感化;再生胶embraced:包含/拥抱/接受 build on:依赖,依靠;建立于;把建立于;以

31、为基础 sacred:adj.神的；神圣的；宗教的；庄严的And at this sacred fire,the spirit of our ancestors speakthrough the headman and advise us where to get water,where to get grazings,and where to go and hunt.圣火传承着我们祖先的精神,通过部落首领传达给我们,建议我们去哪里取水、哪里放牧、到哪里打猎。07:43And I think this is the best way of regulating ourselves on the

32、environment.我认为这是让我们 根据环境管理自己的最好方法。07:57And here are the new ideas.这里有些新的方法。08:03Transporting rhinos using helicopters I think is much easierthan talking through a spirit that you cant see,isnt it?用直升机运送犀牛。我认为这比 看不见的精神的传达要简单多了,对吧？08:06And these things we were taught by outsiders.这些是外来人教我们的。08:14We l

33、earned these things from outsiders.我们从外人那里学到的这些。08:17We needed new boundaries to describe our traditional lands;we needed to learn more things like GPS just to see whether-can GPS really reflect the true reflection of the land or is thisjust a thing made somewhere in the West?我们需要新的方法来描述我们传统的土地;我们要学

34、习更多,像GPS,看看GPS 是否真的能真实反映出这片土地 或者它仅仅只是西方国家某个地方造出来的一个东西？08:20And we then wanted to see whether we can match ourancestral maps with digital maps made somewhere in theworld.然后我们还想看看 我们祖传的地图能不能和世界某个地方造出来的数字地图相匹配。08:37regulating:vt.调节;校正(regulate的现在分词)Transporting:运输;猜火车(电影名)/v.运输(transport的ing形式)rhinos:n

35、.(非正式)犀牛;俚钱;现金 helicopters:n.直升机(helicopter复数形式)outsiders:n.劳经局外人,外来者(outsider复数形式)ancestral:adj.祖先的;祖传的And through this,we actually started realizing our dreams,and we maintained honoring our traditions but we were stillopen to new ideas.通过这些,我们开始认识到我们的梦想 和我们一直保持的引以为傲的传统,但我们仍然接纳新观念。08:45The second

36、element is that we wanted to have a life,a betterlife where we can benefit through many things.第二件事是我们想要一种生活,一种更好的生活方式我们可以从中获益。08:57Most poachers,like my father,were people from our owncommunity.大部分的偷猎者,像我父亲,都是自己部落的人。09:03They were not people from outside.不是外来人。09:10These were our own people.他们都是自己人

37、。09:12And sometimes,once they were caught,they were treatedwith respect,brought back into the communities and theywere made part of the bigger dreams.有时候当他们被抓到了,大家也会尊重他们,把他们带回部落,他们是更远大梦想的一部分。09:14The best one,like my father-Im not campaigning for myfather-最好的是,像我父亲我可不是我父亲的同伙09:23(Laughter)they were

38、put in charge to stop others frompoaching.（笑声）他们被委以责任,负责让其他人停止偷猎。09:26And when this thing started going on,we started becomingone community,renewing our connection to nature.随着事情的进展,我们开始变成一个部落;我们知道我们与大自然相连。09:32maintained:adj.被保持的/v.维护,维修;维持(maintain的过去分词)traditions:传统 with respect:怀有敬意campaigning:v

39、i.作战;参加竞选;参加活动/n.运动;活动;战役 charge to:赊购;把归咎为;记入 renewing:adj.再生的,更新的/v.复兴(renew的ing形式);使更新;重新开始And that was a very strong thing in Namibia.这在纳米比亚是非常非常重要的事情。09:40The last element that actually helped develop these thingswas the partnerships.最后一件对这些起到帮助的事情 是合作伙伴。09:46Our government has given legal stat

40、us over our traditionallands.政府对我们的传统土地给予合法权利。09:51The other partners that we have got is business communities.其他合作伙伴 是商业组织。09:56Business communities helped bring Namibia onto the worldmap and they have also helped make wildlife a very valuableland use like any other land uses such as agriculture.商业

41、组织帮助纳米比亚进入世界地图,而且他们还帮助将荒野 开发成像其他土地一样非常有价值的土地,例如农耕。10:01And most of my conservation colleagues today that you findin Namibia have been trained through the initiative,throughthe involvement of World Wildlife Fund in the most up-to-date conservation practices.今天大部分 纳米比亚保护区的同事 都受到过 世界野生动物基金会的 最先进的保护区培训练

42、习。10:16They have also given funding for two decades to this wholeprogram.他们已经为 整个项目提供了20年的基金。10:29And so far,with the support of World Wildlife Fund,wevebeen able to scale up the very small programs to nationalprograms today.到目前为止,在世界野生动物基金会的支持下,我们能将非常小型的项目 做成国家级的大项目。10:35Namibia.or Sesfontein was n

43、o more an isolated villagesomewhere,hidden away in Namibia.纳米比亚.或者Sesfontein 不再是一个孤立的小村庄,躲在纳米比亚的一个小角落。10:43partnerships:n.伙伴关系;合伙(partnership的复数)involvement:n.牵连;包含;混乱;财政困难With these assets we are now part of the global village.我们拥有这些资产,我们现在是地球村的一分子。10:52Thirty years have passed since my fathers fir

44、st job as acommunity game guard.从我父亲的第一份部落保安工作 到现在已过去30年。10:55Its very unfortunate that he passed away and he cannot seethe success as I and my children see it today.很遗憾他去世了,没能看到今天 我和我的孩子们看到的成功。11:02When I finished school in 1995,there were only 20 lions inthe entire Northwest-in our area.我1995年从学校毕

45、业时,我们那里,整个西北地区只有20头狮子。11:09But today,there are more than 130 lions.而现在,已经超过130头。11:16(Applause)So please,if you go to Namibia,make sure thatyou stay in the tents.（掌声）所以,如果大家去纳米比亚,晚上一定要呆在帐篷里,11:22Dont walk out at night!不要在外面乱跑！11:32(Laughter)The black rhino-they were almost extinct in1982.（笑声）黑犀牛在198

46、2年几乎灭绝,11:34But today,Kunene has the largest concentration of blackrhino-free-roaming black rhinos-in the world.但现在,Kunene是世界上最大的 黑犀牛自由集居地。11:40This is outside the protected area.这是在保护区以外。11:47(Applause)The leopard-they are now in big numbers butthey are now far away from our village,because the nat

47、uralplain has multiplied,like zebras,springboks and everything.（掌声）美洲豹它们现在数量很大 但是它们在远离村庄的地方,因为自然平原面积成倍增长,还有像斑马、跳羚等动物的数量也成倍增长。11:50assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;有益的品质;经财产;有利条件(一项)财物;资产(asset的名词复数);(商店,破产者等的)财产;遗产;有价值的人或物 tents:n.旅游帐篷;住所;外科塞条(tent的复数)/v.用帐篷遮盖;将塞条嵌进;注意(tent的第三人称单数)zebras:n.脊椎斑马,斑马纹(zebra复数)springb

48、oks:n.跳羚They stay very much far away because this other thing hasmultiplied from less than a thousand to tens of thousands of它们生活的地方很远 因为其他事物都在成倍增长,动物从不到一千只增长到数万只。12:05multiplied from less than a thousand to tens of thousands ofanimals.What started as very small,community rangers gettingcommunity in

49、volved,has now grown into something that wecall conservancies.而且,刚开始范围很小,部落与部落加入,现在范围扩大,我们叫做保护协会。12:14Conservancies are legally instituted institutions by thegovernment,and these are run by the communitiesthemselves,for their benefit.保护协会是 政府批准的合法组织,而且是由各个部落为自身利益自己管理。12:25Today,we have got 60 conser

50、vancies that manage andprotect over 13 million hectares of land in Namibia.现在,我们有60个保护协会 管理和保护着 纳米比亚1300多万亩土地。12:36We have already reshaped conservation in the entire country.我们已经让整个国家的保护区变成新的摸样。12:46Nowhere else in the world has community-adoptedconservation at this scale.世界上没有任何地方 的部落管理保护区能有如此规模。1