HannahBurckstummer_2017S[汉娜 · 伯克斯特默][可印刷的柔性有机太阳能电池].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件You may have noticed that Im wearing two different shoes.你或许发现了,我穿着两只不一样的鞋。00:13It probably looks funny-it definitely feels funny-but Iwanted to make a point.这看起来也许挺可笑 穿着的感觉的确挺可笑的 我是为了说明一件事情。00:18Lets say my left shoe corresponds to a sustainablefootprint,meaning we humans consume less

2、naturalresources than our planet can regenerate,and emit lesscarbon dioxide than our forests and oceans can reabsorb.假设我左脚的鞋代表可持续的足迹,可持续足迹的意思是 人类消耗的自然资源 比地球可再生的要少,以及我们排放的二氧化碳 比森林和海洋能再吸收的要少。00:24Thats a stable and healthy condition.那是一个稳定而健康的状态。00:39Todays situation is more like my other shoe.而当今的形势更

3、像是 我的另一只鞋。00:42Its way oversized.它大太多了。00:45At the second of August in 2017,we had already consumedall resources our planet can regenerate this year.到2017年8月2日,我们消耗的资源就已经 超过了地球这一年可再生的量。00:47This is like spending all your money until the 18th of a monthand then needing a credit from the bank for the

4、rest of thetime.这就好像刚到18号就 花光了这个月所有的钱,然后剩下的日子要向银行借钱生活。00:56to make a point:表明一种观点 corresponds:vi.符合,一致;相应;通信 sustainable:adj.可以忍受的；足可支撑的；养得起的；可持续的 footprint:n.足迹;脚印 regenerate:vt.使再生;革新/vi.再生;革新/adj.再生的;革新的 dioxide:n.二氧化物reabsorb:vi.再吸附;重吸收 oversized:adj.过大的,极大的For sure,you can do this for some mont

5、hs in a row,but if youdont change your behavior,sooner or later,you will runinto big problems.当然,你可以连续几个月这么过,但如果不改变行为习惯的话,迟早你会面临大麻烦。01:03We all know the devastating effects of this excessiveexploitation:global warming,rising of the sea levels,meltingof the glaciers and polar ice,increasingly extreme

6、 climatepatterns and more.我们都知道过度使用的毁灭性影响:全球变暖、海平面上升、冰川和极地冰融化、越来越极端的气候等等。01:11The enormity of this problem really frustrates me.这个问题的严重性让我很沮丧。01:26What frustrates me even more is that there are solutions tothis,but we keep doing things like we always did.让我更沮丧的是,这问题已经有解决方案了,但我们的行为却毫无改变。01:30Today I

7、want to share with you how a new solar technologycan contribute to a sustainable future of buildings.今天我想和你们分享,新型太阳能技术如何帮助 实现建筑物的可持续未来。01:36Buildings consume about 40 percent of our total energydemand,so tackling this consumption would significantlyreduce our climate emissions.因为建筑物消耗我们 能源总需求的约40%,所

8、以解决建筑物的能耗 会显着减少温室气体排放。01:44sooner or later:迟早,早晚 run into:遭遇,陷入;撞上,撞到;偶然遇见 devastating:adj.毁灭性的；全然的/v.摧毁(devastate的ing形式)；毁坏 exploitation:n.开发,开采;利用;广告推销 glaciers:n.地理水文冰川(glacier的复数);地理水文冰河 polar:adj.极地的；两极的；正好相反的/n.极面；极线/enormity:n.巨大;暴行;极恶 frustrates:vt.挫败;阻挠;使感到灰心/vi.失败;受挫/adj.挫败的;无益的 contribute

9、 to:有助于;捐献 tackling:n.装备,用具;扭住/v.处理;抓住(tackle的现在分词)significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地A building designed along sustainable principles canproduce all the power it needs by itself.根据可持续原则设计的建筑物 可实现电力生产、消耗的自给自足。01:53To achieve this,you first have to reduce the consumption asmuch as possible,by using well-in

10、sulated walls or windows,for instance.想要达到此目标,首先需要尽可能减少消耗,比如使用隔热的墙或窗户。01:58These technologies are commercially available.这些技术在市场上可以买到。02:06Then you need energy for warm water and heating.在需要能源来提供热水和暖气时,02:09You can get this in a renewable way from the sun throughsolar-thermal installations or from t

11、he ground and air,withheat pumps.可以用可再生的方式,通过太阳能发热设备从太阳获取,或者用热泵从地面和空气获取。02:12All of these technologies are available.所有这些技术也是唾手可得。02:19TED演讲者：Hannah Brckstmmer|汉娜 伯克斯特默演讲标题：A printable,flexible,organic solar cell|可印刷的柔性有机太阳能电池内容概要：Unlike the solar cells youre used to seeing,organic photovoltaics are

12、 made ofcompounds that are dissolved in ink and can be printed and molded using simple techniques.The result is a low-weight,flexible,semi-transparent film that turns the energy of the sun intoelectricity.Hannah Brckstmmer shows us how theyre made-and how they could changethe way we power the world.

13、与您习惯看到的太阳能电池不同，有机光伏电池由溶解在墨水中的化合物制成，并且可以使用简单的技术进行印刷和成型。其产品是一种重量轻、有柔性、半透明的薄膜，它可将太阳能转化为电能。汉娜 伯克斯特默向我们展示了它们是如何制造的以及它们如何改变我们为世界提供动力的方式。Then you are left with the need for electricity.最后要考虑的就是对电的需求。02:22In principle,there are several ways to get renewableelectricity,but how many buildings do you know whic

14、h havea windmill on the roof or a water power plant in the garden?原则上,有几种办法来 获取可再生电能,但你知道几个建筑物顶部有风车？或花园里有水力发电站？02:25Probably not so many,because usually,it doesnt makesense.应该没有几个,因为,通常情况下这不符合常理。02:35for instance:例如 commercially:adv.商业上;通商上 renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的/n.再生性能源installations:n.军设施;装置(

15、installation的复数形式);机设备 pumps:n.机泵;脉动(pump的复数);抽运器;无带轻便舞鞋/v.用泵送;抽动;汲取;盘问(pump的三单形式)In principle:大体上,原则上 windmill:n.风车;风车房;旋转玩具;直升飞机/vt.使旋转/vi.作风车般旋转 make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理But the sun provides abundant energy to our roofs andfacades.但是太阳为屋顶和外墙面 提供了大量能源。02:38The potential to harvest this energy at our

16、 buildingssurfaces is enormous.在建筑物表面取用能源 是潜力巨大的。02:43Lets take Europe as an example.让我们以欧洲为例。02:48If you would utilize all areas which have a nice orientation tothe sun and theyre not overly shaded,the power generatedby photovoltaics would correspond to about 30 percent ofour total energy demand.如果

17、把朝向阳光的 所有区域都利用起来,并且这些区域没有被 过度遮盖的话,太阳能光伏产生的能源能提供我们能源总需求的30%。02:50But todays photovoltaics have some issues.但当今的太阳能光伏产品并不完善。03:04They do offer a good cost-performance ratio,but they arentreally flexible in terms of their design,and this makesaesthetics a challenge.它们的性价比确实不错,但设计不是很灵活,这使得美观方面是个挑战。03:07

18、People often imagine pictures like this when thinking aboutsolar cells on buildings.人们在想到建筑物的太阳能电池时,经常想象的是这样的画面。03:14facades:n.外立面(facade的复数)surfaces:n.表面;曲面(surface的复数)/v.使成平面(surface的第三人称单数形式)enormous:adj.庞大的，巨大的；凶暴的，极恶的 orientation:n.方向;定向;适应;情况介绍;向东方 overly:adv.过度地;极度地 shaded:adj.荫蔽的;色彩较暗的/v.遮蔽住

19、;使阴暗(shade的过去分词)correspond to:相当于,符合于 flexible:adj.灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的 in terms of:依据;按照;在方面;以措词 aesthetics:n.美学;美的哲学This may work for solar farms,but when you think ofbuildings,of streets,of architecture,aesthetics does matter.这也许在太阳能电厂适用,但当你考虑到楼、街道以及建筑物构架时,美观很重要。03:19This is the reason why we dont see ma

20、ny solar cells onbuildings today.这就是当今安装太阳能电池的 建筑物不多的原因。03:27They just dont match.因为根本就不搭。03:31Our team is working on a totally different solar-celltechnology,which is called organic photovoltaics or OPV.我们团队正着手于 完全不同的太阳能电池技术,这种技术叫做 有机太阳能光伏,或OPV。03:33The term organic describes that the material used

21、 for lightabsorption and charge transport are mainly based on theelement carbon,and not on metals.“有机”的意思是,用在光吸收和电荷传输上的材料 主要基于碳元素,而不是金属。03:41We utilize the mixture of a polymer which is set up bydifferent repeating units,like the pearls in a pearl chain,anda small molecule which has the shape of a f

22、ootball and iscalled fullerene.我们用不同的重复性单元 合成了聚合物的混合物,就像在珍珠链上的一粒粒珍珠,以及一种有足球形状的 叫富勒烯的小分子。03:51These two compounds are mixed and dissolved to becomean ink.混合并溶解这两种成分 使其成为油墨。04:03solar-cell:光电管 absorption:n.吸收;全神贯注,专心致志 metals:五金 polymer:n.高分子聚合物 pearls:n.水产珍珠(pearl的复数)/v.用珍珠镶嵌;使呈珍珠色泽(pearl的第三人称单数)mole

23、cule:n.化学分子;微小颗粒,微粒 fullerene:n.富勒烯;球壳状碳分子 compounds:n.混合物,化合物;大院(compound的复数形式)dissolved:adj.溶解的;溶化的/v.使溶解;使溶化(dissolve的过去分词)And like ink,they can be printed with simple printingtechniques like slot-die coating in a continuous roll-to-rollprocess on flexible substrates.就像真的墨水一样,它可以用简单的印刷技术印出来,比如在柔性

24、基材上使用 连续卷对卷式槽模涂布技术。04:08The resulting thin layer is the active layer,absorbing theenergy of the sun.这样制出的薄层是 用来吸收太阳能量的活性层。04:18This active layer is extremely effective.这个活性层极其高效。04:23You only need a layer thickness of 0.2 micrometers toabsorb the energy of the sun.只需要0.2毫米厚的这种薄层 来吸收太阳的能量。04:27This i

25、s 100 times thinner than a human hair.人类的头发都要比 这个薄层厚100倍。04:32To give you another example,take one kilogram of the basicpolymer and use it to formulate the active ink.举另外一个例子,取一公斤基础聚合物,制成活性油墨。04:36With this amount of ink,you can print a solar cell the size of acomplete football field.这样做出的油墨量 可以打印出整

26、个足球场 那么大的太阳能电池。04:44So OPV is extremely material efficient,which I think is acrucial thing when talking about sustainability.因此OPV在原料利用率上 是非常高效的,我觉得这对于可持续发展很关键。04:50coating:n.涂层;包衣;衣料/v.给穿上外衣;盖上(coat的ing形式)substrates:n.基板;基底(substrate的复数);基片 resulting:adj.作为结果的/v.致使(result的ing形式);产生 absorbing:adj.吸引

27、人的;极有趣的/v.吸收(absorb的ing形式)thickness:n.厚度;层;浓度;含混不清 micrometers:n.微米;机千分尺;分厘卡;仪测微计 thinner:adj.较薄的;较瘦的;较细的(thin的比较级)/n.(油漆的)稀释剂;冲淡剂;使变稀薄者,加稀料的制漆工 kilogram:n.公斤;千克 formulate:vt.规划;用公式表示;明确地表达 crucial:adj.重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的 sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性After the printing process,you can have a solar modu

28、lewhich could look like this.在印刷工序之后,就能得到像这样的太阳能模块。04:59It looks a bit like a plastic foil and actually has many of itsfeatures.它看起来有点像塑料片,也确实具备很多塑料片的特征。05:04Its lightweight.它很轻,05:09its bendable.可以折弯,05:12www.XiYuS锡育软件and its semi-transparent.而且是半透明的。05:14But it can harvest the energy of the sun ou

29、tdoors and also ofthis indoor light,as you can see with this small,illuminatedLED.但它既能吸收室外的太阳能,又能吸收室内的光,这个被点亮的小LED灯就可以证明。05:18You can use it in its plastic form and take advantage of itslow weight and its bendability.你可以利用它的塑料形式,重量轻以及可弯曲的特点。05:26The first is important when thinking about buildings i

30、nwarmer regions.对于热带地区的建筑物,重量轻是很重要的。05:32Here,the roofs are not designed to bear additionally heavyloads.这些建筑物的屋顶设计 并不能承受特别重的负载。05:37They arent designed for snow in winter,for instance,soheavy silicon solar cells cannot be used for light harvesting,but these lightweight solar foils are very well sui

31、ted.例如,这里的屋顶设计 不会考虑冬天的积雪,所以不能用很重的 硅太阳能电池来获取光能,那这些很轻的太阳能片 就非常适用了。05:40module:n.计模块;组件;模数 foil:vt.衬托;阻止,挡开;挫败;贴箔于/n.箔,金属薄片;衬托,烘托;叶形片 lightweight:n.轻量级选手;无足轻重的人/adj.重量轻的;平均重量以下的 bendable:可弯曲的 outdoors:adv.在户外/n.户外/adj.户外的(等于outdoor)as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的 illuminated:adj.被照明的/v.照明;启发;兴奋(illuminate

32、的过去分词)take advantage of:利用 loads:n.电负载,电负荷(load的复数);货载量/v.负担;装货(load的第三人称单数)harvesting:v.农学收割;收获(harvest的ing形式)/n.农学收割;收获/adj.收获的;收割的 foils:n.材箔;薄片(foil的复数)/v.衬托,挡开(foil的第三人称单数)suited:adj.合适的/v.适合(suit的过去分词)The bendability is important if you want to combine the solarcell with membrane architecture.

33、如果想把太阳能电池与 膜结构建筑结合起来,可弯曲的特点就尤为重要。05:51Imagine the sails of the Sydney Opera as power plants.想象一下,悉尼歌剧院的 帆结构变成发电厂。05:58Alternatively,you can combine the solar foils withconventional construction materials like glass.或者,可把太阳能膜片与 玻璃之类的传统建筑材料相结合。06:02Many glass facade elements contain a foil anyway,to c

34、reatelaminated safety glass.反正许多玻璃外墙材料 已经包含了一层膜,用来制作夹层安全玻璃。06:08Its not a big deal to add a second foil in the productionprocess,but then the facade element contains the solar celland can produce electricity.在生产工序中加入 第二层膜并不难,但这样做出的外墙材料中 包含了太阳能电池,它就可以发电了。06:12Besides looking nice,these integrated sol

35、ar cells come alongwith two more important benefits.除了美观之外,这些集成太阳能电池 还有两个重要的优点。06:22Do you remember the solar cell attached to a roof I showedbefore?还记得我之前展示的 屋顶的太阳能电池吗？06:29In this case,we install the roof first,and as a second layer,thesolar cell.在该情况下,要先安装屋顶,然后安装第二层,太阳能电池。06:33This is adding on t

36、he installation costs.这增加了安装成本。06:37membrane:n.膜;薄膜;羊皮纸 sails:n.船帆;航行(sail的复数)/v.扬帆;乘船航行(sail的第三人称单数)Sydney:n.悉尼(澳大利亚港市)Alternatively:adv.非此即彼;二者择一地;作为一种选择 laminated:adj.层压的;层积的;薄板状的/v.分成薄片;用薄片覆盖(laminate的过去分词)integrated:adj.综合的;完整的;互相协调的/v.整合;使成整体(integrate的过去分词)comealong:v.出现;一起来;陪伴;进步In the case

37、of integrated solar cells,at the site ofconstruction,only one element is installed,being at the sametime the envelope of the building and the solar cell.有了集成太阳能电池,只需在施工现场安装一次,建筑物的外壳与太阳能电池 同时安装。06:40Besides saving on the installation costs,this also savesresources,because the two functions are combin

38、ed into oneelement.这样除了能节省安装成本,还能节约资源,因为两个功能合并成一个部件了。06:50Earlier,Ive talked about optics.之前我谈到了光学。06:58I really like this solar panel-maybe you have different taste我很喜欢这个太阳能板 你可能会有不同的喜好 或设计需求06:59I really like this solar panel-maybe you have different tasteor different design needs.好 或设计需求06:59No p

39、roblem.没问题。07:05With the printing process,the solar cell can change its shapeand design very easily.有了印刷工艺,很容易改变太阳能电池的 设计和形状。07:07This will give the flexibility to architects,to planners andbuilding owners,to integrate this electricity-producingtechnology as they wish.这就给建筑师、规划师及业主 提供了灵活性,可以按他们的意愿来

40、集成这种发电技术。07:13I want to stress that this is not just happening in the labs.我想强调一下,这不是只发生在实验室里。07:27It will take several more years to get to mass adoption,butwe are at the edge of commercialization,meaning there areseveral companies out there with production lines.虽然还要几年才能 大规模采用这种技术,但我们已经接近商业化,意味着已经

41、有公司具备生产线。07:30envelope:n.信封,封皮;包膜;天包层;包迹 optics:n.光光学 flexibility:n.灵活性;弹性;适应性 planners:n.规划师;规划人员(planner的复数);计划人员 labs:n.实验室 adoption:n.采用;收养;接受 commercialization:n.商品化,商业化They are scaling up their capacities,and so are we,with theinks.这些公司在扩大生产能力,我们的油墨也在进步。07:40(Shoe drops)This smaller footprint

42、is much morecomfortable.（鞋子踢踏声）足迹比较小的这个舒服多了。07:48(Laughter)It is the right size,the right scale.（笑声）它大小合适,尺度正确。07:55We have to come back to the right scale when it comes toenergy consumption.能源消耗方面,我们也要 回到正确的尺度。07:59And making buildings carbon-neutral is an important parthere.让建筑物保持碳中和是重要的一项。08:04In

43、 Europe,we have the goal to decarbonize our buildingstock by 2050.在欧洲,我们的目标是在2050年以前 使所有建筑物脱碳。08:08I hope organic photovoltaics will be a big part of this.我希望有机太阳能光伏 将会发挥巨大作用。08:13Here are a couple of examples.这有几个例子。08:17This is the first commercial installation of fully printedorganic solar cells.

44、这是第一个商业安装的 全印刷的有机太阳能电池。08:19Commercial means that the solar cells were printed onindustrial equipment.“商业”是指太阳能电池 由工业设备印刷而成。08:25The so-called solar trees were part of the German pavilionat the World Expo in Milan in 2015.这个所谓的“太阳能树”是2015年 米兰世博会上德国馆的一部分。08:29scaling:n.缩放比例;刮治术,口腔刮牙术;鳞片排列/v.剥落;刮鳞;生水垢

45、(scale的ing形式)capacities:n.能力;容量;性能;生产量(capacity的复数)inks:n.墨水 decarbonize:vt.除去碳素；脱去的碳(等于decarburize)so-called:adj.所谓的；号称的pavilion:n.阁;亭子;大帐篷;展示馆/vt.搭帐篷;置于亭中;笼罩 Expo:n.展览会They provided shading during the day and electricity for thelighting in the evening.它们白天可以遮阳,晚上为灯供电。08:36You may wonder why this h

46、exagonal shape was chosen forthe solar cells.你也许会好奇,这太阳能电池 为什么会选六角形状。08:41Easy answer:the architects wanted to have a specific shadingpattern on the floor and asked for it,and then it was printedas requested.答案很简单:建筑师想在地板上映出 特定的阴影图案,要求了这个形状,然后就按着要求印刷了。08:45Being far from a real product,this free-for

47、m installationhooked the imagination of the visiting architects much morethan we expected.离实际量产还很远的时候,这个自由形式的安装 满足了来访的建筑师的设想,效果远超我们的预期。08:54This other application is closer to the projects andapplications we are targeting.另一个应用就更接近 我们的目标项目和应用了。09:01In an office building in S?o Paulo,Brazil,semitrans

48、parentOPV panels are integrated into the glass facade,servingdifferent needs.这是巴西圣保罗的一栋办公楼,玻璃外墙中嵌有半透明的OPV板,来满足多个需求。09:06First,they provided shading for the meeting rooms behind.首先,它们给背后的会议室提供遮蔽。09:15Second,the logo of the company is displayed in aninnovative way.其次,以一个创新的方式 展示了公司的标识。09:19shading:n.底

49、纹;遮蔽;印刷明暗法;印刷描影法;留下阴影 hexagonal:adj.六边的,六角形的 far from:adv.远离;远非;完全不 free-form:adj.自由形态的 hooked:adj.钩状的;吸毒成瘾的;入迷的/v.用钩固定;捉住(hook的过去分词)Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家)panels:n.面板(panel的复数);建嵌板;事务委员会/v.嵌镶(panel的第三人称单数形式)innovative:adj.革新的，创新的And of course,electricity is produced,reducing the energyfootprint of the

50、building.当然,也能发电,减少了整栋楼的能源消耗。09:24This is pointing towards a future where buildings are nolonger energy consumers,but energy providers.这预示着一种未来,那时建筑物将不再是能源消耗体,而是能源供给体。09:29I want to see solar cells seamlessly integrated into ourbuilding shells to be both resource-efficient and a pleasureto look at.我