JunWang_2017[王俊][数字DNA如何助你实现更好的健康选择].pdf

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1、TED演讲者：Jun Wang|王俊演讲标题：How digital DNA could help you make better health choices|数字DNA如何助你实现更好的健康选择内容概要：What if you could know exactly how food or medication would impact your health-before you put it in your body?Genomics researcher Jun Wang is working to develop digital doppelgangers for real peop

2、le;they start with genetic code,buttheyll also factor in other kinds of data as well,from food intake to sleep to data collected by a smart toilet.With all of thisvaluable information,Wang hopes to create an engine that will change the way we think about health,both on an individual leveland as a co

3、llective.你是否知道食物和药物如何影响你的健康在你食用它们之前？基因学研究员王俊致力于开发真人数字版；从基因代码开始，考虑各种因素，从食物摄入，睡眠数据到智能马桶数据的收集。运用这些宝贵的数据，王俊希望重构我们对健康的思考方式，无论是在个人还是集体层面。www.XiYuS锡育软件锡育软件Today Im here,actually,to pose you a question.今天我在这里给大家抛出一个问题00:12What is life?什么是生命00:15It has been really puzzling me for more than 25 years,and will

4、probablycontinue doing so for the next 25 years.这个问题困扰了我至少25年 可能在未来的25年内依然如此00:17This is the thesis I did when I was still in undergraduate school.这是我在念本科时做的论文00:25While my colleagues still treated computers as big calculators,I started toteach computers to learn.当我的同学们依然拿 电脑作为大型计算器使用 我已经开始思考如何教电脑学习

5、00:31I built digital lady beetles and tried to learn from real lady beetles,just to do onething:search for food.我构建了一个数字化瓢虫 试图从自然界的瓢虫那里学习一件事 觅食00:41And after very simple neural network-genetic algorithms and so on-look atthe pattern.通过一个简单的神经网络 比如遗传算法等 来观察这个模型00:51Theyre almost identical to real lif

6、e.它几乎和活生生的瓢虫没有区别00:57A very striking learning experience for a twenty-year-old.对20岁的我来说这是非常震撼的体验01:01Life is a learning program.生命本身就是一套学习程序01:07When you look at all of this wonderful world,every species has its own learningprogram.纵观大千世界 每个物种都有自己的学习程序01:12puzzling:adj.使迷惑的;使莫名其妙的 thesis:n.论文；论点 cal

7、culators:n.计计算器(calculator的复数)beetles:n.甲壳虫,昆甲虫/v.忙碌地来回(beetle的第三人称单数形式)neural:adj.神经的;神经系统的;背的;神经中枢的 identical:adj.同一的；完全相同的/n.完全相同的事物The learning program is genome,and the code of that program is DNA.这个程序就是 基因组 程序的代码就是 DNA01:19The different genomes of each species represent different survival stra

8、tegies.每个物种的不同基因 代表了不同的生存策略01:26They represent hundreds of millions of years of evolution.也代表了数亿年的进化演变01:33The interaction between every species ancestor and the environment.以及物种的祖先和环境的 相互作用01:38I was really fascinated about the world,about the DNA,about,you know,thelanguage of life,the program of l

9、earning.我十分着迷于这个世界 着迷于DNA 生命的语言 还有学习程序01:45So I decided to co-found the institute to read them.所以我决定跟人合作建立 一个机构来解读它们01:54I read many of them.我做了很多相关研究01:59We probably read more than half of the prior animal genomes in the world.我们可能已经解读了世界上 超过一半动物的基因02:01I mean,up to date.到目前为止02:06We did learn a lo

10、t.我们收获了很多02:09We did sequence,also,one species many,many times.我们对一个物种进行了多次基因测序02:11human genome.包括人类基因组02:15We sequenced the first Asian.我们完成了第一个 亚洲人基因组的测序02:16genome:n.基因组;染色体组 genomes:n.遗基因组(genome复数)strategies:n.策略,战略(strategy的复数形式)up to date:adj.最新的;最近的;现代的 sequenced:数计序列I sequenced it myself m

11、any,many times,just to take advantage of thatplatform.我对自己的基因也进行了多次测序 为了充分利用这个平台02:17Look at all those repeating base pairs:ATCG.ATCG You dont understandanything there.看看所有这些重复出现的碱基对 你几乎无法从中读懂任何含义02:24But look at that one base pair.但是再看一下这组字母02:31Those five letters,the AGGAA.AGGAA 这五个字母02:32These fi

12、ve SNPs represent a very specific haplotype in the Tibetanpopulation around the gene called EPAS1.这五个SNP（单核苷酸多态性）代表了一种非常特别的单形体 它们是位于藏族人身体中 一种叫做EPAS1的基因02:35That gene has been proved-its highly selective-its the most significantsignature of positive selection of Tibetans for the higher altitude adapt

13、ation.这种基因已被证明是 高度选择性的结果 是藏族人对高海拔 适应性进行积极选择的 重要标志02:43You know what?这说明什么呢02:52These five SNPs were the result of integration of Denisovans,or Denisovan-like individuals into humans.这五个SNP极有可能是 灭绝的丹尼索瓦人 或与丹尼索瓦人 有亲缘关系的人种的DNA 与人类DNA结合的结果02:54This is the reason why we need to read those genomes.这就是我们需要

14、解读这些基因的原因03:04To understand history,to understand what kind of learning process the genomehas been through for the millions of years.它可以让你了解历史 了解基因这套学习程序 在数百万年中经历了什么样的演变03:06take advantage of:利用 haplotype:n.单体型 Tibetan:adj.西藏的;藏族的/n.西藏人;藏语 adaptation:n.适应;改编;改编本,改写本integration:n.集成;综合By reading a ge

15、nome,it can give you a lot of information-tells you the bugs inthe genome-I mean,birth defects,monogenetic disorders.通过解读基因可以得到很多信息 它能告诉你基因中的一些错误 例如出生缺陷 单基因遗传病03:17Reading a drop of blood could tell you why you got a fever,or it tells you whichmedicine and dosage needs to be used when youre sick,esp

16、ecially forcancer.而仅仅需要一滴血 它就能解释你为什么会发烧 或者当你生病 特别是罹患癌症时 告诉你需要使用哪种药物和多少剂量03:25A lot of things could be studied,but look at that:30 years ago,we were still poorin China.通过基因检测可以获得很多信息 不过看看这个数据30年前 中国还很穷03:35Only.67 percent of the Chinese adult population had diabetes.当时只有0.67%的成年人患有糖尿病03:42Look at now

17、:11 percent.而现在 这个数字是1103:47Genetics cannot change over 30 years-only one generation.我们的基因不会在 30年内发生这么大的改变 在只有一代人的时间跨度内03:49It must be something different.肯定有别的影响因素03:54Diet?是饮食03:56The environment?环境03:57Lifestyle?或者生活方式吗03:59Even identical twins could develop totally differently.即使是同卵双胞胎 都可以变得很不一样

18、04:01It could be one becomes very obese,the other is not.一个很胖 一个很瘦04:06defects:n.缺点;瑕疵;不合格品(defect的复数)/v.叛变(defect的三单形式)disorders:n.无秩序,混乱;小病(disorder的复数形式)/v.电子扰乱(disorder的单三形式)dosage:n.剂量,用量 diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症 Genetics:n.遗传学 obese:adj.肥胖的,过胖的One develops a cancer and the other does not.一个人得了癌症 另一个

19、则没有04:10Not mentioning living in a very stressed environment.更不用说我们每天都生活在 一个充满压力的环境中04:13I moved to Shenzhen 10 years ago.10年前我搬到了深圳04:19for some reason,people may know.由于某些原因 大家可能都知道04:22If the genes under stress,it behaves totally differently.一个人的基因在感受到压力时的 表现会完全不一样04:25www.XiYuS锡育软件锡育软件Life is a

20、journey.人生是一场旅程04:30A gene is just a starting point,not the end.基因只是一个起点 而不是终点04:32You have this statistical risk of certain diseases when you are born.你出生时就拥有某种疾病的患病风险04:37But every day you make different choices,and those choices will increase ordecrease the risk of certain diseases.然而每天你都会做出不同的决策

21、 这些决策会增加或减少某种疾病的风险04:42But do you know where you are on the curve?但你知道自己在这个曲线上的位置吗04:51Whats the past curve look like?过去的曲线是什么样子的04:54What kind of decisions are you facing every day?你每天又面对着什么样的选择04:56And what kind of decision is the right one to make your own right curve overyour life journey?在人生旅程的

22、这张曲线图上 能让你处在正确位置上的 选择究竟是什么04:59Whats that?那是什么05:07mentioning:提到/提名表扬/提及/不必客气 behaves:vi.表现;(机器等)运转;举止端正;(事物)起某种作用/vt.使守规矩;使表现得statistical:adj.统计的;统计学的The only thing you cannot change,you cannot reverse back,is time.唯一你无法改变 无法逆转的事情 就是时间05:09Probably not yet;maybe in the future.目前是这样 不过这件事儿也说不好05:14(

23、Laughter)Well,you cannot change the decision youve made,but can we dosomething there?（笑声）既然不能改变已经做出的决定 那我们可以做些什么呢05:16Can we actually try to run multiple options on me,and try to predict right on theconsequence,and be able to make the right choice?我们能够同时运行不同的选择 对所期待的结果进行预测 再做出正确的选择吗05:22After all,we

24、 are our choices.毕竟 每个人都是由自己的选择决定的05:33These lady beetles came to me afterwards.这些瓢虫后来启发了我05:3825 years ago,I made the digital lady beetles to try to simulate real ladybeetles.25年前 我构建了数字化的瓢虫 试图模拟自然界中的瓢虫05:41Can I make a digital me.我是否可以同样 构建一个数字化的我05:47to simulate me?来模拟真实的我自己呢05:49I understand the

25、 neural network could become much more sophisticated andcomplicated there.我当然明白其中的神经网络可能会 变得更加复杂05:51Can I make that one,and try to run multiple options on that digital me-tocompute that?那么我是否可以做一个 并尝试运行这个数字化的我来计算出不同的选择结果呢05:57Then I could live in different universes,in parallel,at the same time.这样我

26、就可以同时平行的生活在 不同的宇宙中06:04consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论 simulate:vt.模仿;假装;冒充/adj.模仿的;假装的 sophisticated:adj.复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的/v.使变得世故；使迷惑；篡改(sophisticate的过去分词形式)Then I would choose whatever is good for me.然后选择对我来说最合适的方案06:10I probably have the most comprehensive digital me on the planet.我的生命数据可能是 这个星球上最全面的0

27、6:14Ive spent a lot of dollars on me,on myself.我在自己身上可是做了不少投资06:17And the digital me told me I have a genetic risk of gout by all of those thingsthere.这个数字化的我告诉我 种种信息表明我有痛风方面的 遗传风险06:21You need different technology to do that.需要不同的技术才能打造 这个数字化的我06:29You need the proteins,genes,you need metabolized a

28、ntibodies,you needto screen all your body about the bacterias and viruses covering you,or in you.你需要蛋白质 基因 代谢 抗体的数据 你需要筛查全身 搜集体内外所有细菌和病毒的数据06:31You need to have all the smart devices there-smart cars,smart house,smarttables,smart watch,smart phone to track all of your activities there.你需要各种智能设备 智能车

29、智能家居 智能桌子 智能手表 智能手机等等 来跟踪你所有的活动06:41The environment is important-everythings important-and dont forget thesmart toilet.要知道环境数据很重要 一切都很重要 另外别忘了智能马桶06:51(Laughter)Its such a waste,right?（笑）这简直就是一种浪费 是吧06:55Every day,so much invaluable information just has been flushed into the water.每天这么多宝贵的信息 就这么被水冲掉

30、了06:58gout:n.遗外科痛风;一滴;一团 proteins:n.生化蛋白质(protein复数)metabolized:vt.使新陈代谢;使变形/vi.新陈代谢antibodies:n.免疫抗体(antibody的复数)viruses:n.病毒病毒;病霉(virus的复数)invaluable:adj.无价的；非常贵重的And you need them.你需要它们07:04You need to measure all of them.需要测量这些数据07:05You need to be able to measure everything around you and compu

31、te them.你应该测量并计算周围的 所有这些东西07:07And the digital me told me I have a genetic defect.而这个数字化的我告诉我 我有遗传缺陷07:11I have a very high risk of gout.我患痛风的概率很大07:16I dont feel anything now,Im still healthy.我暂时还没什么感觉 看着挺健康的07:19But look at my uric acid level.但看看我的尿酸水平07:22Its double the normal range.是正常范围的两倍07:24

32、And the digital me searched all the medicine books,and it tells me,OK,youcould drink burdock tea-而数字化的我搜索了 所有的医药典籍 告诉我 你可以喝牛蒡茶07:26I cannot even pronounce it right-这个词我甚至都不太会读07:33(Laughter)That is from old Chinese wisdom.（笑）这种茶来自中国的古老智慧07:35And I drank that tea for three months.不过我喝了三个月的牛蒡茶07:38My

33、uric acid has now gone back to normal.尿酸值就恢复正常了07:41I mean,it worked for me.这招儿对我还挺管用的07:44All those thousands of years of wisdom worked for me.所有这些千年智慧 对我而言都是有用的07:46I was lucky.我很幸运07:49But Im probably not lucky for you.但可能对于你们来说就不一定了07:50uric:adj.尿的;取自尿中的 burdock:n.牛蒡All of this existing knowledg

34、e in the world cannot possibly be efficient enough orpersonalized enough for yourself.世界上一切现有的知识 不可能对每个人都有效 不可能都是对症下药07:55The only way to make that digital me work.能让这个数字化的我有效的唯一方法08:03is to learn from yourself.就是从自己的身体中学习08:07You have to ask a lot of questions about yourself:What if?-Im being jet-l

35、agged now here.你必须问自己很多问题 如果这么做会怎样 我现在有时差反应08:10You dont probably see it,but I do.你们可能看不出来 但我确实有08:16What if I eat less?如果我少吃点呢08:19When I took metformin,supposedly to live longer?如果我服用二甲双胍 是否就可以活得更长呢08:21What if I climb Mt.Everest?如果我去爬珠穆朗玛峰呢08:25Its not that easy.可能没那么容易08:26Or run a marathon?或者去跑

36、马拉松呢08:28What if I drink a bottle of mao-tai,which is a Chinese liquor,and I get reallydrunk?如果我喝一瓶茅台酒 一种中国的烈性酒 真的喝醉了会怎么样08:29I was doing a video rehearsal last time with the folks here,when I was drunk,and I totally delivered a different speech.上次在这里跟工作人员 进行了一次录像彩排 我那会儿喝醉了 结果我的演讲内容完全跑偏了08:34(Laught

37、er)What if I work less,right?（笑）如果我的工作量少一点呢08:42personalized:adj.个性化的;个人化的/v.个性化(personalize的过去式);个人化 jet-lagged:adj.有时差现象的;飞机晚点的 Everest:n.珠穆朗玛峰(世界最高峰)marathon:n.马拉松赛跑;耐力的考验/adj.马拉松式的;有耐力的/vi.参加马拉松赛跑 rehearsal:n.排演;预演;练习;训练;叙述I have been less stressed,right?我的压力是否就减轻了08:47So that probably never hap

38、pened to me,I was really stressed every day,but Ihope I could be less stressed.这种情况从来没有发生在我身上 我每天压力都很大但我希望我的压力能够小一点08:49These early studies told us,even with the same banana,we have totallydifferent glucose-level reactions over different individuals.这些早期研究告诉我们 即使吃同样的一根香蕉 不同个体的血糖水平反应 都可能完全不同08:56How

39、about me?那我呢09:04What is the right breakfast for me?一顿适合我的早餐应该吃些什么09:06I need to do two weeks of controlled experiments,of testing all kinds of differentfood ingredients on me,and check my bodys reaction.我需要做两个星期的对照实验 测试各种不同的食物成分 并检查我身体的反应09:08And I dont know the precise nutrition for me,for myself.

40、我不知道对我来说精确的营养 到底应该包含什么09:17Then I wanted to search all the Chinese old wisdom about how I can live longer,and healthier.我想搜遍所有中国的古老智慧 找到让我活得更久 更健康的秘诀09:23I did it.我确实付诸行动了09:30Some of them are really unachievable.不过其中有一些并不现实09:31I did this once last October,by not eating for seven days.我在去年十月份尝试了一次

41、七天不吃饭09:34I did a fast for seven days with six partners of mine.我与我的六个伙伴一起进行了 为期七天的绝食体验09:39ingredients:材料;作料 nutrition:n.营养，营养学；营养品 October:n.天十月Look at those people.看看他们09:44One smile.有一个人笑了09:45You know why he smiled?知道为什么吗09:47He cheated.他作弊了09:48(Laughter)He drank one cup of coffee at night,and

42、 we caught it from the data.（笑）晚上他偷偷喝了一杯咖啡 我们直接从他的数据中发现了09:49(Laughter)We measured everything from the data.（笑）（笑）09:55We were able to track them,and we could really see-for example,myimmune system,just to give you a little hint there.我们能够追踪这些数据 而且切切实实的看到了 我的免疫系统的变化 举个例子 给大家一点直观的信息09:58My immune sys

43、tem changed dramatically over 24 hours there.我的免疫系统在24小时内 发生了巨大的变化10:06And my antibody regulates my proteins for that dramatic change.而基于这个巨大变化 我的抗体开始对我体内的 蛋白质进行调节10:11And everybody was doing that.所有参与者都是如此10:16Even if were essentially totally different at the very beginning.尽管每个人的免疫系统 天生各不相同10:17An

44、d that probably will be an interesting treatment in the future for cancer andthings like that.这很可能是将来治疗 癌症或类似疾病的 一个有意思的方法10:21It becomes very,very interesting.而且正在变得越来越有趣10:25But something you probably dont want to try,like drinking fecal water from ahealthier individual,which will make you feel hea

45、lthier.但有些方法你可能未必想尝试 比如饮用健康人的粪水 虽然这会让你感觉更健康10:28immune:adj.免疫的；免于的，免除的/n.免疫者；免除者 dramatically:adv.戏剧地；引人注目地/adv.显著地，剧烈地antibody:n.免疫抗体 regulates:控制/管理 fecal:adj.排泄物的;残渣的;糟粕的This is from old Chinese wisdom.这也是来自古老中国的智慧10:36Look at that,right?不妨看一下10:37Like 1,700 years ago,its already there,in the boo

46、k.1700年前 这种方法就已经被记录在册了10:39But I still hate the smell.但我还是没法接受那个味道10:44(Laughter)I want to find out the true way to do it,maybe find a combination ofcocktails of bacterias and drink it,it probably will make me better.（笑）我想找出另一种方式 或许我们可以用混合了益生菌的鸡尾酒来替代 会让我感觉好一点10:46www.XiYuS锡育软件锡育软件So Im trying to do

47、that.所以我打算试试10:55Even though Im trying this hard,its so difficult to test out all possible conditions.尽管我依然在努力尝试 但是要测试出所有可能的 方法依然是非常困难的10:56Its not possible to do all kinds of experiments at all.针对每个个体做 各种实验也并不现实11:04but we do have seven billion learning programs on this planet.但是我们在这个星球上 有70亿个学习程序1

48、1:11Seven billion.70亿11:14And every program is running in different conditions and doing differentexperiments.每个学习程序都在 不同的条件下运行 并进行不同的实验11:16Can we all measure them?我们可以测量所有这些个体吗11:21Seven years ago,I wrote an essay in Science七年前 我在科学杂志上 发表了一篇文章11:24to celebrate the human genomes 10-year anniversary

49、.为了庆祝人类基因组计划10周年11:28I said,Sequence yourself,for one and for all.我当时说过 测序你自己 为了个体 也为了全人类11:31但是现在我要说的是 数字化你自己 为了个人 也为But now Im going to say,Digitalize yourself for one and for all.但是现在我要说的是 数字化你自己 为了个人 也为了全人类11:35When we make this digital me into a digital we,when we try to form an internetof life

50、,when people can learn from each other,when people can learn from theirexperience,their data,当我们把这个 数字化的我 变成了 数字化的我们 当我们试着构建 一个数字化生命网络 当人们可以互相学习 学习彼此的经验 彼此的数据11:42when people can really form a digital me by themselves and we learn from it,the digital we will be totally different with a digital me.当人