GeWang_2014X[王戈][DIY 交响乐团之未来].pdf

《GeWang_2014X[王戈][DIY 交响乐团之未来].pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《GeWang_2014X[王戈][DIY 交响乐团之未来].pdf（6页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、www.XiYuS锡育软件I want to talk to you about one thing and just one thing only,and this has to do with when people ask me,what do youdo?我想和各位聊一个话题,就一个话题,这涉及到人们常问我的一个问题;你是从事哪个行業的？00:12To which I usually respond,I do computer music.对此我总是这样答覆,我搞电脑音乐这行。00:23Now,a number of people just stop talking to me rig

2、ht thenand there,and the rest who are left usually have this blanklook in their eye,as if to say,what does that mean?很多人 马上就此打住,不再追问,余下一些人呢,则从眼神里流露出迷茫,好似在说,那是什麽概念？00:28And I feel like Im actually depriving them of information bytelling them this,at which point I usually panic and spit outthe first t

3、hing that comes to my mind,which is,I have no ideawhat Im doing.我也觉得那样答覆 给他们的讯息量太少。此时我常常感到心慌,脑海里浮现的第一个念头随即脱口而出;我自己也不清楚那是什麽概念。00:39Which is true.这是实话。00:52Thats usually followed by a second thought,which is,whatever it is that Im doing,I love it.随后我脑海里又浮出第二个念头;无论我从事的这行是什么,我都充满热情。00:54And today,I want

4、 to,well,share with you something I love,and also why.今天,我想.和各位分享我所热爱的这个领域,介绍我爱这行的原因。01:01And I think well begin with just this question:What iscomputer music?我想我们不妨先从一个问题开始;何谓电脑音乐？01:09And Im going to try to do my best to provide a definition,maybe by telling you a story that goes through some of t

5、hestuff首先我想先讲一个故事,来给它下个定义吧,故事贯穿了我至今01:14and the rest:其他的;等等 depriving:剥夺/夺去/使丧失(deprive的现在分词)spit out:吐出 begin with:以开始;开始于Ive been working on.仍在持续研发的一些东西。01:21And the first thing,I think,in our story is going to besomething called ChucK.我想,故事中先出场的角色 应该是这个叫做 ChucK的工具。01:23Now,ChucK is a programming

6、language for music,and itsopen-source,its freely available,and I like to think that itcrashes equally well on all modern operating systems.ChucK 是一种音乐创作专用的程式语言,它是一款开放软体,免费下载使用,我觉得它在所有现代作業系统上 都能很好地崩溃。01:28And instead of telling you more about it,Im just going togive you a demo.我觉得,与其用言语描述,还不如给各位演示一下。

7、01:40By the way,Im just going to nerd out for just a few minuteshere,so I would say,dont freak out.不好意思,我等一下会像电脑阿宅一样。我希望各位不要诧异。01:45In fact,I would invite all of you to join me in just geeking out.实际上,我想邀请各位 跟我一起宅一下。01:50If youve never written a line of code before in your life,donot worry.如果你之前从没写过

8、代码,也不用担心。01:54Ill bet youll be able to come along on this.我敢保证,你很快就能上手。01:58First thing Im going to do is to make a sine wave oscillator,and were going to called the sine wave generator首先我要编制 一个正弦波振荡器,暂时把这个正弦波发生器命名为02:01open-source:adj.(计算机)开放源代码 crashes:交猛撞 nerd:n.呆子;讨厌的人 freak out:使处于极度兴奋中;崩溃geeki

9、ng:v.寻找;谋求(seek的ing形式)come along:v.出现;一起来;陪伴;进步 sine:n.正弦/prep.(拉)无(等于without)oscillator:n.电子振荡器;摆动物;动摇的人And then were going to connect Ge to the DAC.我们再把 Ge 连接到 DAC。02:10Now this is kind of the abstraction for the sound output onmy computer.Okay?说白了 就是我电脑上的音频输出。理解了吧？02:12So Ive connected myself int

10、o the speaker.这样我就把电脑接到扬声器了。02:16Next,Im going to say my frequency is 440 hertz,and Imgoing to let time advance by two seconds through thisoperation.下一步,我要把频率设为 440 赫兹,我还要做个操作 把时间提前两秒。02:19All right,so if I were to play this-you would hear a sinewave at 440 hertz for two seconds.好了,我们来试播一下.各位听到的是一段两

11、秒钟的 440 赫兹正弦波。02:30Okay,great.Now Im going to copy and paste this,and then好,很棒。下面我来复制、贴上这段代码,然后简单改一下数字,220.5,440 不用改,02:39TED演讲者：Ge Wang|王戈演讲标题：The DIY orchestra of the future|DIY 交响乐团之未来内容概要：Ge Wang makes computer music,but it isn.t all about coded bleeps and blips.Withthe Stanford Laptop Orchestra

12、,he creates new instruments out of unexpected materialslikean Ikea bowlthat allow musicians to play music that.s both beautiful and expressive.王戈创造出电脑音乐，当然，这不是用代码编写哔哔啪啪的声音那么简单。担任史丹佛笔电交响乐团指挥的他，使用宜家沙拉碗等独特材料制作各种新型乐器，音乐家通过这些奇特的乐器，演奏出美妙动人、回味悠长的乐曲。Okay,great.Now Im going to copy and paste this,and thenjus

13、t change some of these numbers,220.5,440 I shall leave itas that,改一下数字,220.5,440 不用改,02:39By doubling the frequency,were actually going up insuccessive octaves,and then we have this sequence-频率翻倍后,我们实际上是连续八度音阶上升,然后我们听到这种序列的.02:50Okay,great,now I can imagine creating all kinds of reallyhorrible singl

14、e sine wave pieces of music with this,but Imgoing to do something that computers are really good at,which is repetition.嗯,不错,我想如果用这种方法来编 各种单个正弦波的乐曲,那得多恐怖啊。不过我要发挥电脑的强项,也就是重复。02:57Im going to put this all in a while loop,and you actuallydont need to indent,but this is purely for aesthetic reasons.我把这段

15、代码放入一个 while 循环,实际操作时不需行首缩进,我这样做纯粹是为了美观。03:08abstraction:n.抽象;提取;抽象概念;空想;心不在焉 hertz:n.物赫兹(频率单位)doubling:n.加倍;并线;折回;防护板;衬里/v.使加倍;使成双(double的ing形式);绕过;握紧/adj.双重的;折叠的 octaves:n.八度(octave的复数)indent:vt.定货;缩排;印凹痕/vi.切割成锯齿状/n.缩进;订货单;凹痕;契约 aesthetic:adj.美的;美学的;审美的,具有审美趣味的Its good practice.这是个好习惯。03:13And wh

16、en we do this?thats going to go on for a while.这步完成后,这样要持续好一阵子。03:14In fact,its probably not going to stop until this computerdisintegrates.事实上,它可能不会停下来,除非这台电脑支离破碎了。03:22And I cant really empirically prove that to you,but I hopeyoull believe me when I say that.当然我也没经历过,不能向各位证实,但是我希望各位相信我。03:25Next,I

17、m going to replace this 220 by math.random2f.接下来,我要将这个 220 替换成math.random2f。03:31Im going to generate a random number between 30 and1,000 and send that to the frequency of me.我会任意生成一个数字,介于 30 至 1,000 之间,再发送到我的频率。03:36And Im going to do this every half a second.我希望每半秒钟执行一次。03:42(Tones)Lets do this ev

18、ery 200 milliseconds.（音调）每 200 毫秒执行一次吧。03:45(Tones)One hundred.（音调）一百。03:50(Tones)All right.（音调）不错。03:56At this point,weve reached something that I would like tothink of as the canonical computer music.现在我们终于小有收获,我觉得这可称为 电脑音乐的范本。03:59This is,to me,the sound that mainframes are supposed tobe making w

19、hen theyre thinking really hard.我觉得这是主机 发出的声音,表示它们在很认真地思考。04:06go on for:接近 disintegrates:vt.使分解;使碎裂;使崩溃;使衰变/vi.瓦解;碎裂;衰变 empirically:adv.以经验为主地milliseconds:n.计量毫秒(millisecond的复数形式)canonical:adj.依教规的;权威的;牧师的/n.牧师礼服 mainframes:n.大型主机(mainframe的复数形式)Its this sound,its like,the square root of five milli

20、on.这种声音有点像 五百万的平方根。04:14So is this computer music?各位觉得这是电脑音乐吗？04:22Yeah,I guess by definition,its kind of computer music.我想按定义来说是的,它算是电脑音乐。04:26Its probably not the kind of music you would listen tocruising down the highway,but its a foundation ofcomputer-generated music,and using ChucK,weve actuall

21、ybeen building instruments in the Stanford Laptop Orchestra,based right here at Stanford Center for Computer Researchin Music and Acoustics.也许不是你在高速公路上 中速行驶时听的那种音乐,但它的确给电脑生成的音乐打下基础,藉助ChucK,我们一直在为史丹佛笔电交响乐团 我们的基地就设在史丹佛电脑音乐与声学研究中心(CCRMA)。04:29Now the Laptop Orchestra is an ensemble of laptops,humans an

22、d special hemispherical speaker arrays.笔电交响乐团由 笔电、表演者和特制的半球形扬声器阵列组成。04:48Now the reason we have these is so that for the instrumentsthat we create out of the laptop,we want the sound to comeout of somewhere near the instrument and the performer,kind of much like a traditional,acoustic instrument.之所以

23、需要这些设备,是因为我们藉助笔电 所打造的乐器,我们希望它们的声音 来自设备和表演者 附近某处,这有点像传统的声学仪器。04:54cruising:adj.巡航的/n.巡航 Orchestra:n.管弦乐队;乐队演奏处 Acoustics:n.声学;音响效果,音质 ensemble:n.全体;总效果;全套服装;全套家具;合奏组/adv.同时 laptops:笔记本电脑 hemispherical:adj.半球的;半球状的 performer:n.执行者;演奏者 acoustic:adj.声学的;音响的;听觉的/n.原声乐器;不用电传音的乐器Like,if I were to play a vi

24、olin here,the sound would naturallynot come out of the P.A.system,but from the artifact itself.比方说,如果我在这儿演奏小提琴,音乐自然不会从扩音装置里发出,而是从乐器本身发出。05:07So these speakers are meant to emulate that.所以,这些扬声器采用相似的原理。05:13In fact,Im going to show you how we actually built them.接下来我给各位介绍一下 体的制作过程。05:17The first step

25、 is to go to IKEA and buy a salad bowl.首先是去宜家 买一个沙拉专用木碗。05:21This is an 11-inch Blanda Matt.这是 11 英寸的布朗达麦特。05:24www.XiYuS锡育软件Thats the actual name,and I actually use one of these tomake salad at home as well,I kid you not.这是它的原名,其实我就是用这个碗 在家里做沙拉,真的,我没骗各位。05:27And the first step is you turn it upside

26、 down,and then you第一步,倒过来放,然后在上面钻孔,每个半球面上钻六个孔,再做一块底板,放入汽车扬声器驱动系And the first step is you turn it upside down,and then youdrill holes in them,six holes per hemi,and then make a baseplate,put car speaker drivers in them along with amplifiersin the enclosure,and you put that all together and you haveth

27、ese hemispherical speaker arrays.钻六个孔,再做一块底板,放入汽车扬声器驱动系统,里面再放进功放,把这些零件组装起来后,就成了这些半球形扬声器阵列。05:33Add people,add laptops,you have a laptop orchestra.加上演奏者和笔电,我们就组建了一支笔电交响乐团。05:51artifact:n.人工制品;手工艺品 emulate:vt.仿真;模仿;尽力赶上;同竞争/n.仿真;仿效 salad bowl:色拉盘 upside down:adv.倒置地/adj.颠倒的 hemi:n.半 amplifiers:n.电子放大器

28、,增强剂(amplifier的复数);功放 enclosure:n.附件;围墙;围场And what might a laptop orchestra sound like?笔电交响乐团听起来效果如何？05:55Well,let me give you a demonstration of about 200instruments weve created so far for the Laptop Orchestra.现在,我给各位演示一下 迄今为止我们给笔电交响乐团 打造的 200 多种乐器。05:59And what Im going to do is actually come ove

29、r to this thing.接下来我要走到这个东西旁边。06:07This thing I have in front of me actually used to be acommodity gaming controller called a Gametrak.我前面这件东西 原本是一个游戏控制器产品,名字叫 Gametrak。06:09This thing actually has a glove you can put on your hands.控制器自带手套一只,06:17Its tethered to the base,and this will track the posi

30、tion ofyour hands in real time.它与底板相连,能追踪双手的运动轨迹,即时跟踪。06:19It was originally designed as a golfing controller to detectthe motion of your swing.这个设计起初是用作高尔夫球控制器,监测挥杆的运动轨迹。06:24That turned out to be a rather large commercial non-success,at which point they slashed prices to 10 dollars,at whichpoint c

31、omputer music researchers said,This is awesome!结果这个产品的销售業绩 差得一塌糊涂,最后这家公司把价格降到 10 美元,最后电脑音乐的研究人员 表示;这太棒了！06:29We can prototype instruments out of this.我们可以用这东西打造乐器原型。06:41commodity:n.商品，货物；日用品 gaming:n.赌博;赌胜负 tethered:n.范围;系链;拴绳/vt.用绳或链拴住 golfing:n.打高尔夫球/v.打高尔夫球(golf的ing形式)slashed:v.削减(slash的过去式及过去分词

32、)awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的So let me show you one instrument weve created,one ofmany,and this instrument is called Twilight,我给各位展示我们制作的一种乐器,这个乐器只是其中一种,名字叫做暮光,06:44and its meant to go with this metaphor of pulling a soundout of the ground.寓意是地平线上升起的音乐。我来试试效果怎么样。06:50So let me see if this will wo

33、rk.我来试试效果怎么样。06:56(Music)And put it back.（音乐）再放回去。06:59And then if you go to the left,right,it sounds like anelephant in pain.然后往左,往右,听起来像大象在呻吟。07:10This is a slightly metallic sound.现在有点像金属的声音。07:25Turn it just a bit.稍微转一下。07:28(Music)Its like a hovering car.（音乐）这时又像在空中盘旋的汽车。07:31Okay.好了。07:44This

34、third one is a ratchet-like interaction,so let me turn itup.第三种声音像棘轮在转动,所以 我把声音调高点。07:45(Music)So its a slightly different interaction.（音乐）听起来效果略有不同。07:56The fourth one is a drone.第四种声音像雄蜂。08:03(Music)And finally,lets see,this is a totally differentinteraction,and I think you have to imagine that th

35、eres thisgiant invisible drum sitting right here on stage,and Imgoing to bang it.（音乐）最后,我们听一下,这个效果截然不同,我想各位不妨设想一下,台上放着一面隐形的大鼓,我来敲一下。08:07Twilight:n.黎明,黄昏;薄暮;衰退期;朦胧状态/adj.昏暗的,微明的;暮年的 metaphor:n.暗喻,隐喻;比喻说法 sound out:试探的意向 metallic:adj.金属的,含金属的 hovering:n.停悬;空中悬停/v.徘徊(hover的ing形式);盘旋 drone:n.雄蜂;嗡嗡的声音;懒

36、惰者/vi.嗡嗡作声;混日子/vt.低沉地说(Drum)（鼓声）08:34(Laughter)So there we go,so thats one of many instrumentsin the Laptop Orchestra.（笑声）演示完毕,这就是笔电交响乐团 乐器组合中的一种。08:36(Applause)Thank you.（掌声）谢谢各位。08:44And when you put that together,you get something thatsounds like this.当我们把这些组合起来后,就会产生这样的声音。08:50(Music)Okay,and so

37、,I think from the experience of buildinga lot of instruments for the Laptop Orchestra,and I thinkfrom the curiosity of wondering,what if we took thesehopefully expressive instruments and we brought it to a lotof people,plus then a healthy bout of insanity?put thosethree things together?led to me act

38、ually co-founding astartup company in 2008 called Smule.（音乐）嗯,所以我觉得根据 给笔电交响乐团制造各种乐器的经验,同时怀着一份对新鲜事物的好奇心,我想能否把这些 有望一鸣惊人的乐器 带给大众,加上一股有益身心的痴狂,能否把这些想法结合起来,于是在 2008 年我与人联合创办了一家企業 名字叫做 Smule。08:56Now Smules mission is to create expressive,mobile musicthings,and one of the first musical instruments we creat

39、ed iscalled Ocarina.Smule 的使命是创造 令人惊叹叫绝的移动乐器,首批乐器当中,有一种叫做 Ocarina。10:08And Im going to just demo this for you real quick.下面我给各位快速演示一下。10:20is based on this ancient flute-like instrument called theocarina,and this one is the four-hole English pendantconfiguration,and youre literally blowing into them

40、icrophone to make the sound.是仿照古代一种笛子,陶笛制作而成,这个乐器采用英式 4 孔悬坠型结构,我们是通过吹麦克风 来发声。10:33expressive:adj.表现的;有表现力的;表达的 bout:n.回合;较量;发作;一阵 insanity:n.疯狂；精神错乱；精神病；愚顽Ocarina:n.陶制的卵形笛 pendant:n.下垂物,垂饰 configuration:n.配置;结构;外形And theres actually a little ChucK script running in herethats detecting the strength o

41、f your blowing and alsosynthesizing the sound.里面实际上有一段 ChucK 程式,能檢测出 我们吹奏的力度 并合成声音。10:47(Music)And vibrato is mapped to the accelerometer,（音乐）用加速计来使颤音形象化,10:53(Music)All right.So let me play a little ditty for you,a littleBach.（音乐）好的。接下来我给各位演奏一支小曲,巴赫的作品。11:02And here,youll hear a little accompanimen

42、t with themelody.我们将听到音乐的伴奏。11:13The accompaniment actually follows the melody,not theother way around.伴奏会追随乐曲的节奏,而不是相反的情况。11:15(Music)And this was designed to let you take your time andfigure out where your expressive space is,and you can justhang out here for a while,for a really dramatic effect,i

43、f youwant,and whenever youre ready?（音乐）这支曲子可以 让我们停下来,忘却言语,用心感悟,身处何处,让时间停止片刻,感受非凡一刻,如果你想的话,当你做好准备时.11:22(Music)And on these longer notes,Im going to use morevibrato towards the end of the notes to give it a little bitmore of an expressive quality.（音乐）对于这些长音符,我想在音符的尾声部份增加一些颤音,丰富音符的表现力。11:49detecting:n

44、.检测;检定/v.发现;探知(detect的现在分词)/adj.探测的 synthesizing:v.合成;不同元素间的整合(synthesize的ing形式)vibrato:n.(意)颤音;抑扬顿挫 mapped:v.映射(map的过去式和过去分词形式);计划;绘制.之地图 accelerometer:n.航物加速计 ditty:n.小曲;小调 accompaniment:n.伴奏;伴随物 melody:n.旋律；歌曲；美妙的音乐/(Music)Huh,thats a nice chord to end this excerpt on.（音乐）哈,这段和弦为这节乐曲画上完美的句号了。12:1

45、2(Applause)Thank you.（掌声）谢谢各位。12:23So I think a good question to ask about Ocarina is,is this atoy or it an instrument?Maybe its both,but for me,I thinkthe more important question is,is it expressive?现在,关于 Ocarina,我觉得各位可能会问,它究竟是玩具还是乐器？也许兼而有之。但对我而言,我更关注的问题是,它的表现力如何？12:31And at the same time,I think c

46、reating these types ofinstruments asks a question about the role of technology,and its place for how we make music.与此同时,我也在想,制作出这些乐器后,我们不禁会思考技术的作用,以及技术对音乐创作的影响。12:44Apparently,for example,not that long ago,like only ahundred years ago?thats not that long in the course ofhuman history?families back t

47、hen used to make musictogether as a common form of entertainment.举个明显的例子,不久之前,大概一百年前,说不久,是因为这段时间在人类历史长河里不算太长,那时家家户户 常常全家总动员,一起创作音乐,自娱自乐。12:52I dont think thats really happening that much anymore.不过,我觉得这种情况 现在很少见了。13:04You know,this is before radio,before recording.当然,那时还没有收音机、录音机。13:07In the last hu

48、ndred years,with all this technology,we nowhave more access to music as listeners and consumers,butsomehow,I think were making less music than ever before.过去一百年间,凭藉技术的力量,我们可以更方便地欣赏和享受音乐了。然而,我认为当今我们所创作的音乐作品数量 堪称史上最少。13:09chord:n.弦;和弦 excerpt:n.摘录,引用/vt.引用,摘录/vi.摘录,引用 in the course of:在过程中;在期间 listene

49、rs:n.听众;监听器(listener的复数)consumers:n.经生态消费者,消耗者;用户,顾客(consumer的复数)Im not sure why that would be.我不清楚这其中的原因。13:19Maybe its because its too easy just to hit play.也许是因为点击播放简直轻而易举。13:21And while listening to music is wonderful,theres a specialjoy to making music thats all its own.尽管欣赏音乐令人心旷神怡,创作整首乐曲 更是别有

50、一番乐趣。13:24And I think thats one part of the goal of why I do what I do iskind of to take us back to the past a little bit.Right?我想这正是我现在 的工作目标之一,就是让我们重返过去。对不对？13:31Now,if thats one goal,the other goal is to look to the futureand think about what kind of new musical things can wemake that we dont per