JamieBartlett_2015G[杰米.巴特利特][神秘的黑暗网路如何走向主流].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件If you want to buy high-quality,low-price cocaine,therereally is only one place to go,and that is the dark netanonymous markets.如果你想买物美价廉的古柯碱,其实只有一个地方能去,就是黑暗网路上的匿名市场。00:12Now,you cant get to these sites with a normal browser-Chrome or Firefox-because theyre on this hidden part ofthe Int

2、ernet,known as Tor hidden services,当然,你是无法透过一般的浏览器浏览这些网站,-例如Chrome或Firefox-因为这些网站,隐身于网际网路中,被称为Tor隐藏服务(Tor hiddenservice)。00:25where URLs are a string of meaningless numbers and lettersthat end in.onion,and which you access with a specialbrowser called the Tor browser.网址由一串无意义的数字和字母组成,并以.onion(.洋葱)作结

3、尾,你只能用特殊的浏览器造访这些网站,称为Tor浏览器。00:37Now,the Tor browser was originally a U.S.Naval intelligenceproject.Tor浏览器一开始来自美国海军的情报计划,00:46It then became open source,and it allows anybody to browsethe net without giving away their location.后来变成开放原始码,任何人都可以在网路上任意浏览,而不必透漏自己的IP位址。00:51And it does this by encrypting

4、 your IP address and thenrouting it via several other computers around the world thatuse the same software.它所用的方式是将你的IP位址进行编码,再将它绕行于全世界各地 装有相同软体的电脑。00:58You can use it on the normal Internet,but its also your key tothe dark net.你也可以在一般网路上这么做,但这也是你进入黑暗网路的钥匙。01:09cocaine:n.药可卡因 anonymous:adj.匿名的，无名的；无

5、个性特征的 browser:n.计浏览器;吃嫩叶的动物;浏览书本的人 Chrome:n.铬,铬合金;铬黄;谷歌浏览器 Tor:n.地理石山;地理突岩 encrypting:v.加密(encrypt的ing形式)routing:n.计路由选择;工艺路线;选择途径/v.按指定路线发送;为规定路线(route的ing形式)And because of this fiendishly clever encryption system,the20 or 30-we dont know exactly-thousand sites thatoperate there are incredibly diff

6、icult to shut down.也因为这种精妙的编码系统,让大约二万或三万个 详细数字不清楚 正在运作的黑暗网站,要将其关闭极其困难。01:16It is a censorship-free world visited by anonymous users.这是个完全匿名造访、无须审查的世界。01:28Little wonder,then,that its a natural place to go for anybodywith something to hide,and that something,of course,neednot be illegal.所以它也毫无意外地成为有所

7、隐藏的人 自然会去的地方,而他们想隐藏的事,当然也不见得不合法。01:35On the dark net,you will find whistle-blower sites,The NewYorker.在黑暗网路上,你会发现 揭发内幕的网站,纽约客杂志。01:46You will find political activism blogs.你会发现政治激进主义的部落格。01:51You will find libraries of pirated books.你会发现盗版书的图书馆。01:53But youll also find the drugs markets,illegal porn

8、ography,commercial hacking services,and much more besides.但你也会发现毒品市场、非法的色情作品、商業化的骇客服务、还有很多其他东西。01:56Now,the dark net is one of the most interesting,excitingplaces anywhere on the net.现在,黑暗网路是网路上最有趣、最令人兴奋的地方之一。02:06fiendishly:adv.极坏地;不平凡;不简单;恶魔似地 encryption:n.加密;加密术 whistle-blower:n.揭发者,告密者 activism:

9、n.行动主义;激进主义 blogs:博客 pirated:adj.盗版的/v.盗印,翻印;掠夺(pirate的过去分词)pornography:n.色情文学;色情描写 hacking:adj.骑马的/v.砍;出租(hack的ing形式)And the reason is,because although innovation,of course,takes place in big businesses,takes place in world-classuniversities,it also takes place in the fringes,原因在于,虽然创新当然会 出现在大企業里、出

10、现在世界级的大学里,但它也会出现在边缘地带,02:13because those on the fringes-the pariahs,the outcasts-theyre often the most creative,because they have to be.因为这些边缘地带 被排斥者、社会边缘人 他们往往更有创意,因为他们不得不。02:24In this part of the Internet,you will not find a single lolcat,asingle pop-up advert anywhere.因为在这部分的网路,你不会看到任何恶搞图、或是任何弹出式

11、广告。02:33And thats one of the reasons why I think many of you herewill be on the dark net fairly soon.这也是为什么我觉得 你们很快就会开始逛黑暗网路。02:41(Laughter)Not that Im suggesting anyone in this audiencewould use it to go and procure high-quality narcotics.(笑声)我不是建议在座任何人透过它 去弄到一些高品质的毒品。02:47But lets say for a moment

12、 that you were.但就先假设你们会这样做。02:56(Laughter)Bear with me.(笑声)请宽容我一下。02:58TED演讲者：Jamie Bartlett|杰米.巴特利特演讲标题：How the mysterious dark net is going mainstream|神秘的黑暗网路如何走向主流内容概要：There.s a parallel Internet you may not have run across yet accessed by a specialbrowser and home to a freewheeling collection of

13、 sites for everything from anonymousactivism to illicit activities.Jamie Bartlett reports from the dark net.世上存在着一个你还未到过、平行的网路世界 只能经由特殊的浏览器进入，充满毫无管制的各种网站，从匿名激进主义到非法行动，无所不包。杰米.巴特利特为我们带来关于这些黑暗网路的报告。The first thing you will notice on signing up to one of thesesites is how familiar it looks.登入注册这些网站后,首先

14、你会发现 它们看起来多么熟悉。03:02innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法 world-class:n.世界级/adj.世界级的 fringes:n.条纹(fringe的复数);边缘;云图条纹pariahs:n.受鄙视的人或动物;流放者(pariah的复数)outcasts:n.放逐者(outcast的复数形式)/v.抛弃,逐出(outcast的第三人称单数)advert:vi.注意;谈到/n.广告 procure:vt.获得,取得;导致/vi.取得 narcotics:n.麻醉剂(narcotic的复数);麻醉毒品Bear with:忍受;宽容Every single produc

15、t-thousands of products-has aglossy,high-res image,a detailed product description,aprice.每一个产品 成千上万的产品 都有光亮的、高解析度的图片、详细的产品说明、以及价格。03:10Theres a Proceed to checkout icon.上面有个结帐的按钮。03:22There is even,most beautifully of all,a Report this itembutton.甚至还有一个设计得最漂亮的 举报这个物品按钮。03:25(Laughter)Incredible.不可思议

16、。03:30You browse through the site,you make your choice,you paywith the crypto-currency bitcoin,you enter an address-preferably not your home address-你在网站上任意浏览、选好商品、用加密的比特币付款、输入一个地址 最好别用你家住址 03:35and you wait for your product to arrive in the post,which itnearly always does.然后等着你的产品送到手上,而且几乎一定会送到。03:

17、43And the reason it does is not because of the cleverencryption.一定会送到的原因不是这个聪明的加密系统。03:49Thats important.这很重要。03:53Something far simpler than that.原因远比这个简单。03:54Its the user reviews.就是卖家评价。03:58(Laughter)You see,every single vendor on these sites uses apseudonym,naturally enough,but they keep the sa

18、mepseudonym to build up a reputation.(笑声)你们看,这些网站上的每个卖家 很自然地都使用假名,但他们会一直使用这个假名以建立商誉。03:59glossy:adj.光滑的;有光泽的 high-res:(游戏用语)高解析度 checkout:n.检验;签出;结账台;检出 preferably:adv.较好;宁可,宁愿;更适宜 reviews:n.综述;评论;复习(review的复数);复核/v.回顾;复习(review的三单形式);检验 vendor:n.卖主;小贩;贸易自动售货机 pseudonym:n.笔名;假名 build up:增进,加强And bec

19、ause its easy for the buyer to change allegiancewhenever they want,the only way of trusting a vendor is ifthey have a good history of positive feedback from otherusers of the site.因为买家很容易随时改变忠诚度,所以要信任卖家唯一的方法,就是他们要拥有足够的其他网站使用者的历史正面评价。04:11And this introduction of competition and choice does exactlywh

20、at the economists would predict.而这带来的兢争和选择关系 完全符合经济学家的预测,04:27Prices tend to go down,product quality tends to go up,andthe vendors are attentive,theyre polite,theyre consumer-centric,offering you all manner of special deals,one-offs,buy-one-get-one-frees,free delivery,to keep you happy.价格越来越低、产品品质越来

21、越好,卖家十分周到,他们很有礼貌、以顾客为中心,提供各种特别优惠、一次性大特价、买一送一、免费运送等等 来维持你的满意度。04:37I spoke to Drugsheaven.我和毒品天堂交谈过一次,04:56Drugsheaven was offering excellent and consistentmarijuana at a reasonable price.毒品天堂提供品质良好且稳定的大麻,价格也很合理。04:59He had a very generous refund policy,detailed Ts and Cs,and good shipping times.他们有非

22、常慷慨的退货政策、详细的交易条款、令人满意的运送时间。05:08Dear Drugsheaven,I wrote,via the internal emailingsystem thats also encrypted,of course.亲爱的毒品天堂我写给他们,透过内部邮件系统,当然也经过加密。05:15allegiance:n.效忠,忠诚;忠贞 tends:vi.趋向,倾向;照料,照顾/vt.照料,照管 vendors:n.供应商,销售商(vendor的复数)attentive:adj.留意的,注意的 one-offs:n.一次性事物/adj.一次性的 marijuana:n.大麻;大麻

23、毒品 refund:vi.退还;偿还,归还/vt.退还;偿还;付还/n.退款;偿还,偿还额 emailing:n.电子信函/vt.给发电子邮件 encrypted:v.把编码;把加密(encrypt的过去分词)Im new here.Do you mind if I buy just one gram ofmarijuana?我是新来的。不知道是否能只买 1克的大麻?05:22A couple of hours later,I get a reply.几小时候,我收到了回覆。05:27They always reply.他们总会回覆。05:29Hi there,thanks for your

24、email.您好,谢谢您的来信。05:31Starting small is a wise thing to do.I would,too,if I wereyou.从少量开始购买是明智的做法。如果我是您,我也会这么做。05:34(Laughter)So no problem if youd like to start with just onegram.(笑声)所以如果您想从 1克开始购买,完全没有问题。05:39I do hope we can do business together.我真心希望我们可以做成生意。05:44Best wishes,Drugsheaven.最诚摯的祝福,毒品

25、天堂05:46(Laughter)I dont know why he had a posh English accent,(笑声)我不知道为何他要用英国上流社会口音,但我假设他有。05:48(Laughter)I dont know why he had a posh English accent,but I assume he did.我假设他有。05:48www.XiYuS锡育软件Now,this kind of consumer-centric attitude is the reasonwhy,when I reviewed 120,000 pieces of feedback th

26、at hadbeen left on one of these sites over a three-month period,95percent of them were five out of five.这种以顾客为中心的态度,就是为何当我浏览完大约12万则 三个月内留在某个网站上的用户回馈后,发现有 95%的买家给了五星评等。05:56The customer,you see,is king.你看,顾客至上。06:14But what does that mean?但这代表什么?06:17Well,on the one hand,that means there are more dru

27、gs,more available,more easily,to more people.嗯,一方面 这代表会有更多的毒品、更好取得、更容易送到 更多人手上。06:19reply:vi.回答;法答辩;回击/n.回答;法答辩/vt.回答;答复 to start with:adv.首先;作为开始(等于forastart)posh:adj.时髦的;漂亮的;奢侈的 reviewed:v.复习;评估;评论;检讨(review的过去分词形式)on the one hand:一方面And by my reckoning,that is not a good thing.据我估算,这不会是件好事。06:26B

28、ut,on the other hand,if you are going to take drugs,youhave a reasonably good way of guaranteeing a certain levelof purity and quality,which is incredibly important if youretaking drugs.但是,另一方面,如果你想吸毒,你有一个合理的好通路 来确保有一定水平的纯度和品质,这对你吸毒而言是非常重要的。06:30And you can do so from the comfort of your own home,wi

29、thout the risks associated with buying on the streets.而且你可以舒服地在家里这样操作,而不是冒着上街购买毒品的种种风险。06:45Now,as I said,youve got to be creative and innovative tosurvive in this marketplace.所以,如我所说,你必须要有创意、要够创新才能在市场上生存。06:53And the 20 or so sites that are currently in operation-bythe way,they dont always work,the

30、yre not always perfect;the site that I showed you was shut down 18 months ago,butnot before it had turned over a billion dollars worth of trade.而现在营运中的大约20个网站中 顺带一提,他们不是一直都顺利运作,也非完美无缺;像刚刚展示的网站已经在18个月前被关闭了,但在那之前,它们早已完成了数十亿美元的交易。07:00But these markets,because of the difficult conditions inwhich they a

31、re operating,the inhospitable conditions,arealways innovating,always thinking of ways of gettingsmarter,more decentralized,harder to censor,and morecustomer-friendly.但这些商场,因为必须在很严苛的情况下营运,而且是对他们不利的情况,所以他们必须一直创新、一直想出更聪明的办法、让他们更加分散、更难察觉,同时提供对顾客更便利的服务。07:17reckoning:n.计算;清算;算帐/v.计算;认为;指望(reckon的ing形式)on

32、 the other hand:另一方面 reasonably:adv.合理地;相当地;适度地 guaranteeing:担保/保证(guarantee现在分词形式)/保证书/担保人/抵押品 innovative:adj.革新的，创新的inhospitable:adj.荒凉的;冷淡的,不好客的;不适居留的 innovating:n.创新/v.革新(innovate的现在分词);创立decentralized:adj.分散的;分散化,分散式;分散管理的;去中心化/vt.使分散;使分权(decentralize的过去分词)censor:vt.审查,检查;检查和删节/n.检查员;心理潜意识压抑力;信

33、件检查员Lets take the payment system.就拿付费系统来说,07:32You dont pay with your credit card,of course-that wouldlead directly back to you.你不会用信用卡付款,这是当然因为这样你会被追踪到。07:34So you use the crypto-currency bitcoin,which is easilyexchanged for real-world currencies and gives quite a highdegree of anonymity to its use

34、rs.所以你会用加密过的比特币,因为它很容易就可以换成真实货币,也让使用者能保持高度的隐蔽性。07:38But at the beginning of these sites,people noticed a flaw.但在这些网站营运初期,大家发现一个瑕疵。07:49Some of the unscrupulous dealers were running away withpeoples bitcoin before theyd mailed the drugs out.某些不肖商家收了买家的比特币卷款潜逃,而没有寄出他们的商品。07:52The community came up wit

35、h a solution,called multi-signature escrow payments.所以这群人想出了一个办法,称为多重签章第三方托管付费系统07:59So on purchasing my item,I would send my bitcoin to aneutral,secure third digital wallet.所以当我要买东西时,我会将我的比特币 付给一个中立的、安全的第三方数位钱包,08:07The vendor,who would see that Id sent it,would beconfident that they could then sen

36、d the product to me,andthen when I received it,at least two of the three peopleengaged in the transaction-vendor,buyer,siteadministrator-would have to sign the transaction off witha unique digital signature,and then the money would betransferred.卖家看到我的付款后,就会知道可以放心地将产品寄给我,然后我收到产品之后,在三个介入交易的人之中 也就是卖家、

37、买家、网站管理人 至少要有两人签核这笔交易,用一种特别的数位签章,然后钱才会被转出去。08:18exchanged:adj.交换的/v.交换(exchange的过去式)real-world:adj.现实生活的;工作的 currencies:n.货币;货币流通(currency的复数)anonymity:n.匿名;匿名者;无名之辈 at the beginning of:在的开始 flaw:n.瑕疵,缺点;一阵狂风;短暂的风暴;裂缝,裂纹/v.使生裂缝,使有裂纹;使无效;使有缺陷/vi.生裂缝;变的有缺陷 unscrupulous:adj.肆无忌惮的;寡廉鲜耻的;不讲道德的 mailed:adj

38、.装甲的;披甲的;有锁子甲状鳞的/v.邮寄;使披上铠甲的(mail的过去式和过去分词)escrow:n.由第三者保存附带条件委付盖印的契约/vt.把暂交第三者保管以待条件实现 engaged in:从事于;忙于 administrator:n.管理人;行政官Brilliant!聪明！08:38Elegant.优雅。08:39It works.相当有用。08:40But then they realized there was a problem with bitcoin,because every bitcoin transaction is actually recordedpublicly

39、 in a public ledger.但随后他们发现比特币有个问题,因为比特币的每笔交易 其实都会被公开地被记在总帐上,08:42So if youre clever,you can try and work out whos behindthem.如果你够聪明,就能试着找出这些交易背后的人是谁。08:49So they came up with a tumbling service.所以他们想出了一个翻搅服务。08:53Hundreds of people send their bitcoin into one address,theyre tumbled and jumbled up,a

40、nd then the right amountis sent on to the right recipients,but theyre differentbitcoins:micro-laundering systems.几百人将他们的比特币寄到一个位址,经过翻搅和混杂,再将正确的金额寄回给正确的接收者,而它们已经变成不同的比特币:微型的洗钱系统。08:56(Laughter)Its incredible.(笑声)不可思议。09:09Interested in what drugs are trending right now on the darknet markets?想知道黑暗网路上

41、毒品的市场趋势吗?09:11Check Grams,the search engine.上Grams看看,一个搜寻引擎。09:17You can even buy some advertising space.你甚至可以在这里买些广告空间。09:19ledger:n.总帐,分户总帐;会计分类帐;帐簿;底帐;(手脚架上的)横木 tumbling:n.翻筋斗;摔跤/adj.歪斜状的/v.跌倒;毁灭;被绊倒(tumble的ing形式)tumbled:adj.翻滚,滚磨(表面光滑或稍微粗糙,边角光滑且呈破碎状)/v.翻到,滚动(tumble的过去分词)jumbled:adj.乱七八糟的/vt.搞乱(j

42、umble的过去分词)recipients:n.收件人(recipient的复数)trending:n.统计趋势/v.伸向;趋向(trend的ing形式)Grams:n.克(gram的复数形式)(Laughter)Are you an ethical consumer worried about whatthe drugs industry is doing?(笑声)你是个关怀毒品市场的、有道义的消费者吗?09:21Yeah.是。09:29One vendor will offer you fair trade organic cocaine.那么有个卖家可以提供你公平贸易的有机古柯碱。09:

43、30(Laughter)Thats not being sourced from Colombiandruglords,but Guatemalan farmers.(笑声)产品来源不是哥伦比亚的毒枭,而是瓜地马拉的农夫。09:34They even promised to reinvest 20 percent of any profits intolocal education programs.他们甚至保证会将20%的利润 投资在当地的教育方案上。09:39(Laughter)Theres even a mystery shopper.(笑声)甚至还有神秘客。09:45Now,whate

44、ver you think about the morality of these sites-and I submit that its not actually an easy question-thecreation of functioning,competitive,anonymous markets,where nobody knows who anybody else is,现在,无论你对这些网站的道德问题有何想法 而我承认这不是个简单的问题 建置这种可运作、有竞争力又匿名的市场,而且没有人知道任何其他人的身分,09:48constantly at risk of being s

45、hut down by the authorities,is astaggering achievement,a phenomenal achievement.还有随时被关闭的风险,都是种难以置信的成就,一种非凡的成就。10:03And its that kind of innovation thats why those on thefringes are often the harbingers of what is to come.而像这样的创新 就是为什么那些在边缘的人 往往预告了接下来要发生的事。10:12ethical:adj.伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的/n.处方药 source

46、d:adj.有来源的;有出处的/v.发起;寻求来源;寻求生产商(或提供商)(source的过去分词形式)reinvest:vt.再投资于;再授给/vi.再投资 shopper:n.购物者;顾客 functioning:n.运行,运作;计功能;机能;起酌(function的动名词)/v.运行,起作用(function的现在分词形式)authorities:n.当局,官方(authority的复数)staggering:adj.蹒跚的;令人惊愕的;犹豫的/v.蹒跚(stagger的ing形式)phenomenal:adj.现象的;显著的;异常的;能知觉的;惊人的,非凡的 harbingers:预兆

47、Its easy to forget that because of its short life,the Internethas actually changed many times over the last 30 years or so.由于它的出现时间不长,我们很容易忘记 网际网路在过去30年左右其实已经有过多次改变。10:22It started in the 70s as a military project,morphed in the1980s to an academic network,co-opted by commercialcompanies in the 90s,

48、and then invaded by all of us viasocial media in the noughties,but I think its going to changeagain.在70年代,它从一个军方计划开始,80年代变成学术网路,90年代则是和商業公司合作经营,然后2000年后开始被我们的社交网路入侵,但我认为它还会再次改变。10:31And I think things like the dark net markets-creative,secure,difficult to censor-I think thats the future.而我认为像黑暗网路市场这

49、样的东西 有创意、保密性高、难以察觉 我认为这就是网路的未来。10:47And the reason its the future is because were all worriedabout our privacy.其中的原因是,我们都很担心隐私问题。10:56Surveys consistently show concerns about privacy.许多调查不断显示出我们对隐私的担忧。11:01The more time we spend online,the more we worry aboutthem,and those surveys show our worries a

50、re growing.我们花在线上的时间越多,就越担心这些问题,而调查显示这些担忧正在增加。11:04Were worried about what happens to our data.我们担心个资会怎么被利用。11:10Were worried about who might be watching us.我们担心不知道谁在监视我们。11:12morphed:在屏幕上变换图像(morph的过去式和过去分词)co-opted:指派/团结/借鉴 invaded:v.入侵;拥入;遍布(invade的过去分词)/adj.被侵入的 Surveys:n.调查(survey的复数)consistent