AmandaBurden_2014[阿曼达.博顿][公共空间怎样让城市生动起来].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件When people think about cities,they tend to think of certainthings.与公共空间做斗争。他们倾向于想一些具体的东西。00:13They think of buildings and streets and skyscrapers,noisycabs.他们会想到楼房与街道,摩天大厦和吵闹的计程车。00:17But when I think about cities,I think about people.但当我想到城市的时候,我会想到人。00:21Cities are fundamentally abou

2、t people,and where people goand where people meet are at the core of what makes a citywork.城市本质上是关于人,关于人们去向何处,和人们在何处相遇,这些才是让一个城市成为一个城市的核心。00:25So even more important than buildings in a city are thepublic spaces in between them.所以在城市中比楼房更重要的是 它们之间的公共空间。00:35And today,some of the most transformative

3、changes incities are happening in these public spaces.今天,一些城市中 最具变革性的改变 正发生在这些公共空间中。00:42So I believe that lively,enjoyable public spaces are the key toplanning a great city.所以我相信,生动并使人愉快的公共空间 是城市规划的关键。00:49They are what makes it come alive.它们让城市充满生气。00:56But what makes a public space work?但是什么让公共空间

4、正常运作呢？01:00What attracts people to successful public spaces,and what isit about unsuccessful places that keeps people away?是什么吸引人们到成功的公共空间？又是什么原因导致那些不成功的公共空间 无人问津呢？01:03skyscrapers:n.摩天大楼,摩天大厦(skyscraper复数形式)transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的 lively:adj.活泼的;生动的;真实的;生气勃勃的 enjoyable:adj.快乐的;令人愉快的 unsuc

5、cessful:adj.不成功的;失败的I thought,if I could answer those questions,I could make ahuge contribution to my city.我想,如果我可以回答那些问题,我就可以为我的城市做出巨大的贡献。01:12But one of the more wonky things about me is that I am ananimal behaviorist,and I use those skills not to study animalbehavior but to study how people in ci

6、ties use city publicspaces.但是我有一个问题,我是一位动物行为主义者,但是我不用那些知识研究动物的行为,而是去研究城市中的人们 如何使用公共空间。01:19One of the first spaces that I studied was this little vestpocket park called Paley Park in midtown Manhattan.我的第一个研究对象 是这个位于曼哈顿市中心 叫做佩利的小公园。01:34This little space became a small phenomenon,and because ithad s

7、uch a profound impact on New Yorkers,it made anenormous impression on me.这小小的空间成为了一个小现象,它对纽约市民 有着深刻的影响,我因此对它有了很深的印象。01:43I studied this park very early on in my career because ithappened to have been built by my stepfather,so I knewthat places like Paley Park didnt happen by accident.在职业生涯早期,我研究这个公园

8、 因为它正好是我继父所建造的,所以我知道像佩利公园这样的地方不是凭空发生的意外。01:55I saw firsthand that they required incredible dedication andenormous attention to detail.我最直观地看到,像佩利公园这样的地方 需要设计者不可思议的努力,和对细节的极大关注。02:06But what was it about this space that made it special anddrew people to it?但是,是什么 让这个地方这么特别,并吸引人们前往？02:13wonky:adj.靠不住的

9、;摇晃的,动摇的 vest:n.背心;汗衫/vt.授予;使穿衣/vi.归属;穿衣服 midtown:n.市中心区;商业区和住宅区的中间地区/adj.市中心区的;位于市中心区的 stepfather:n.继父 by accident:偶然;意外地 firsthand:adj.直接的;直接采购的;直接得来的/adv.直接地Well,I would sit in the park and watch very carefully,and firstamong other things were the comfortable,movable chairs.我会坐在公园里仔细地观察,最先进入眼帘的是

10、那些舒适的移动座椅。02:19People would come in,find their own seat,move it a bit,actually,and then stay a while,and then interestingly,people themselves attracted other people,and ironically,Ifelt more peaceful if there were other people around.人们愿意来这里,找到他们自己的座位,稍微调节位置,之后呆上一会,更有趣的是,人们自身会吸引更多的人,矛盾的是,如果周围有别的人 我反

11、而会感到更加安宁。02:26TED演讲者：Amanda Burden|阿曼达.博顿演讲标题：How public spaces make cities work|公共空间怎样让城市生动起来?内容概要：More than 8 million people are crowded together to live in New York City.Whatmakes it possible?In part,it.s the city.s great public spaces from tiny pocket parks to longwaterfront promenades where peo

12、ple can stroll and play.Amanda Burden helped plan someof the city.s newest public spaces,drawing on her experience as,surprisingly,an animalbehaviorist.She shares the unexpected challenges of planning parks people love-and why it.simportant.纽约市有超过八百万人拥挤地生活在一起。是什么让这成为可能?一部分是因为优质的公共空间-从微小的口袋公园，到狭长的海滨长

13、廊-人们可以在其中游玩。作为动物行为学家，阿曼达.博顿基于她的经验，协助规划了一些城市中最新的公共空间。她分享了自己规划那些广受喜爱的公园时所受到的意外挑战；以及公共空间在人们生活中的重要性。And it was green.其次是因为绿色。02:42This little park provided what New Yorkers crave:comfortand greenery.这个小小的公园提供纽约市民所向往的;舒适与绿化。02:44But my question was,why werent there more places withgreenery and places to

14、sit in the middle of the city where youdidnt feel alone,or like a trespasser?但我的问题是,为什么没有更多的 有绿化、有座位、位于市中心的地方,不会让你感到孤独,不感到自己像个闯入者呢？02:50Unfortunately,thats not how cities were being designed.不幸的是,那不是从前 设计城市的方式。03:02So here you see a familiar sight.这里你看到了熟悉的一幕。03:07This is how plazas have been design

15、ed for generations.这是广场一贯的设计风格。03:10sit in:列席,旁听;参加;代理 movable:adj.动产的;可移动的;不固定的/n.动产;可移动的东西 interestingly:adv.有趣地ironically:adv.讽刺地；说反话地 crave:vt.渴望;恳求/vi.渴望;恳求 greenery:n.绿色植物;温室 trespasser:n.侵害者;侵入者;违反者 plazas:n.广场;市场,购物中心They have that stylish,Spartan look that we often associatewith modern arch

16、itecture,but its not surprising that peopleavoid spaces like this.它们有着优雅简朴的外观,我们通常将其和现代建筑联系到一起,人们会避免这样的地方,但这也并不为奇。03:15They not only look desolate,they feel downright dangerous.因为它们不仅看上去荒凉,而且让人感到危险。03:26I mean,where would you sit here?我是说,你们能坐在哪儿呢？03:30What would you do here?你们能在这里做什么呢？03:34But arch

17、itects love them.但是建筑师们都热爱这种设计风格。03:36They are plinths for their creations.这是建筑师创作的基础。03:40They might tolerate a sculpture or two,but thats about it.他们也许会勉强放一两座雕塑,但也不会更多了。03:43And for developers,they are ideal.对于开发者,它们是理想的。03:47Theres nothing to water,nothing to maintain,and noundesirable people to

18、worry about.没有需要浇水的植被,没有什么需要打理的,也没有需要担心的游手好闲的人。03:50But dont you think this is a waste?但你不认为这是一个浪费么？03:56For me,becoming a city planner meant being able to trulychange the city that I lived in and loved.对我来说,成为一个城市规划师,意味着能够真正改变 我所生活在并爱着的城市。04:00stylish:adj.时髦的；现代风格的；潇洒的 Spartan:adj.斯巴达的;斯巴达式的;(生活方式)

19、简朴的,清苦的。/n.斯巴达人;勇士associate with:v.联合;与联系在一起;和来往 desolate:adj.荒凉的;无人烟的/vt.使荒凉;使孤寂 downright:adj.明白的;直率的;显明的/adv.完全,彻底;全然 creations:n.创作;创造物(creation的复数形式)sculpture:n.雕塑;雕刻;刻蚀/vt.雕塑;雕刻;刻蚀/vi.从事雕刻 developers:n.开发商;发展者;摄显影剂(developer的复数)undesirable:adj.不良的;不受欢迎的;不合需要的/n.不良分子;不受欢迎的人 planner:n.计划者,规划师I w

20、anted to be able to create places that would give you thefeeling that you got in Paley Park,and not allow developersto build bleak plazas like this.我想要能够创造一些地方,那里能带给你在佩利公园 一样的感觉,而不是让设计师者去建造这样荒凉的广场。04:07But over the many years,I have learned how hard it is tocreate successful,meaningful,enjoyable pub

21、lic spaces.但是这些年来,我了解到,要想创造一些成功的、有意义的、并且令人愉快的空间,是多么的困难。04:18As I learned from my stepfather,they certainly do nothappen by accident,especially in a city like New York,wherepublic space has to be fought for to begin with,and then forthem to be successful,somebody has to think very hardabout every det

22、ail.我从我的继父那了解到,产生那样的空间不是巧合,特别是在纽约市,首先,公共空间需要通过斗争得到,其次,如果想让那些空间获得成功,人们需要努力地思考 每一处细节。04:27Now,open spaces in cities are opportunities.现在,城市中的空地就是机遇。04:43Yes,they are opportunities for commercial investment,butthey are also opportunities for the common good of the city,and those two goals are often not

23、 aligned with one another,and therein lies the conflict.是的,它们是商业投资的机会,但它们也是城市中建设公众利益的机会,通常这两个目标相互矛盾,且有冲突。04:47The first opportunity I had to fight for a great public openspace was in the early 1980s,when I was leading a team ofplanners at a gigantic landfill called Battery Park City inlower Manhatta

24、n on the Hudson River.我为公共空间做斗争的第一个机会 发生在 20 世纪 80 年代早期,那时我领导着一队的规划师们,在一个曼哈顿下城哈德逊河的 一个巨大的、叫做巴特里公园城的垃圾填埋场。05:02bleak:adj.阴冷的;荒凉的,无遮蔽的;黯淡的,无希望的;冷酷的;单调的 begin with:以开始;开始于 aligned:adj.对齐的;均衡的/v.结盟(align的过去式);使成一直线 one another:彼此,互相 therein:adv.在其中;在那里 planners:n.规划师;规划人员(planner的复数);计划人员 gigantic:adj.巨

25、大的，庞大的 landfill:n.垃圾填埋地;垃圾堆And this sandy wasteland had lain barren for 10 years,andwe were told,unless we found a developer in six months,itwould go bankrupt.这块荒地已经在那里闲置 有十年了,并且我们被告知,如果我们不能在六个月内找到开发者,这里就要破产了。05:16So we came up with a radical,almost insane idea.我们因此想出了一个激进的、近乎疯狂的主意。05:25Instead of b

26、uilding a park as a complement to future相比建造一个 辅助未来开发的公园,为什么我们不能采取相反的方式,先建造一个小巧的、但是高质Instead of building a park as a complement to futuredevelopment,why dont we reverse that equation and builda small but very high-quality public open space first,and seeif that made a difference.能采取相反的方式,先建造一个小巧的、但是高

27、质量的公共空间,并看看其效果呢？05:29So we only could afford to build a two-block section of whatwould become a mile-long esplanade,so whatever we builthad to be perfect.我们只能支付起两个街区的建设,将其变为一个一英里长的游憩场,所以我们必须做到完美。05:44So just to make sure,I insisted that we build a mock-up inwood,at scale,of the railing and the sea w

28、all.保险起见,我坚持 我们按比例去建造一个 木制的栏杆和海墙的实体模型。05:54And when I sat down on that test bench with sand stillswirling all around me,the railing hit exactly at eye level,blocking my view and ruining my experience at the watersedge.当我坐在测试长椅上时,沙子包围着我,栏杆刚好和视线平齐,挡住了我对着水边的视线,而且毁了我的体验。06:03wasteland:n.荒地,不毛之地;未开垦地,荒漠;

29、(精神或文化上的)贫乏 lain:v.躺,位于(lie的过去分词)complement:n.补语;余角;补足物/vt.补足,补助 two-block:美国海军将旗(或三角旗)升到船桅顶,把肩章调至制服中央 esplanade:n.游憩场,散步路;平坦空地 mock-up:n.伪装工事;实物模型 railing:n.栏杆;扶手 swirling:n.漩涡;流涡流/adj.打旋的/v.打旋;眩晕;使成漩涡(swirl的现在分词形式)blocking:n.阻塞;封闭;大块/v.阻塞(block的ing形式)ruining:n.毁灭;废墟/v.毁灭;毁坏;变成废墟(ruin的ing形式)So you

30、see,details really do make a difference.所以你看,细节真的会有所作为。06:18www.XiYuS锡育软件But design is not just how something looks,its how yourbody feels on that seat in that space,and I believe thatsuccessful design always depends on that very individualexperience.但是设计不单单在于外观,而是你坐那椅子上,身处于那个环境中的感受,我相信成功的设计总是取决于 个人

31、的经历。06:21In this photo,everything looks very finished,but that graniteedge,those lights,the back on that bench,the trees inplanting,and the many different kinds of places to sit wereall little battles that turned this project into a place thatpeople wanted to be.在这张照片中,一切都是那么精致优美,但是那大理石边缘,那些灯,长椅的靠背,

32、种植的树木,和许多不同的可以坐下的地方,这一个个微小的努力,让这个项目 变成了一个吸引人的地方。06:37Now,this proved very valuable 20 years later when MichaelBloomberg asked me to be his planning commissioner andput me in charge of shaping the entire city of New York.二十年后,这项工作的价值显示了出来;迈克尔布隆伯格请我 当他的总规划师,并让我管理 全纽约市的城市规划。06:58And he said to me on th

33、at very day,he said that New Yorkwas projected to grow from eight to nine million people.在那一天他对我说,纽约的人口 有望从八百万增长到九百万。07:09And he asked me,So where are you going to put one millionadditional New Yorkers?他问我;“你打算把额外的一百万纽约市民 安置在哪里呢？”07:16make a difference:有影响,有关系 planting:n.栽培,种植;花圃/v.播种;移植(plant的ing形式

34、);安置 commissioner:n.理事;委员;行政长官;总裁 in charge of:负责;主管 shaping:n.塑造;成形/adj.塑造的;成形的/v.塑造(shape的ing形式);(使)成形projected:adj.投影的,投射/v.投射(project的过去分词);计划Well,I didnt have any idea.那时我束手无策。07:22Now,you know that New York does place a high value onattracting immigrants,so we were excited about theprospect of

35、 growth,but honestly,where were we going togrow in a city that was already built out to its edges andsurrounded by water?大家知道,纽约市对于移民者 确实有很大的吸引力,因此我们对于预期的增长感到不安,但是坦白说,对于这样一个 楼房已经林立于城市边缘,并且被水包围的城市,我们该将它向何处发展呢？07:25How were we going to find housing for that many new NewYorkers?我们怎样才能为那么多的纽约新市民 找到住所呢？0

36、7:43And if we couldnt spread out,which was probably a goodthing,where could new housing go?如果我们不能向外扩张,这可能是一件好事情,那我们该在哪里建造新房子呢？07:47And what about cars?汽车又能在哪里停靠呢？07:53Our city couldnt possibly handle any more cars.我们的城市已经不能有更多的车了。07:55So what were we going to do?我们该怎么办呢？07:59If we couldnt spread out

37、,we had to go up.如果我们不能横向发展,08:02And if we had to go up,we had to go up in places where youwouldnt need to own a car.我们就得纵向发展,如果我们必须纵向发展,人们最好能不用买车。08:06So that meant using one of our greatest assets:our transitsystem.那就意味着利用我们最伟大的资产之一;我们的地铁系统。08:11But we had never before thought of how we could make

38、 themost of it.但是过去我们从未想过 如何才能最大化地利用它。08:16immigrants:n.移民(immigrant的复数)spread out:展开;铺开;伸张 assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;有益的品质;经财产;有利条件(一项)财物;资产(asset的名词复数);(商店,破产者等的)财产;遗产;有价值的人或物 transit:n.运输;经过/vt.运送/vi.经过make the most of:尽量利用;十分重视So here was the answer to our puzzle.所以这就是这个迷题的答案。08:20If we were to channel

39、and redirect all new development如果我们把所有的开发 重新引向地铁系统周围,我们其实可以应付 人口的增长。08:23If we were to channel and redirect all new developmentaround transit,we could actually handle that populationincrease,we thought.们其实可以应付 人口的增长。08:23And so here was the plan,what we really needed to do:Weneeded to redo our zoni

40、ng-and zoning is the cityplanners regulatory tool-and basically reshape the entirecity,targeting where new development could go andprohibiting any development at all in our car-oriented,suburban-style neighborhoods.这就是我们的计划,而我们真正要做的是;重新规划分区-地区分化是城市规划师的调节工具-并可以从基本上改造整个城市,定位新的发展坐标,以及禁止发展一切 涉及汽车的、郊区风格的

41、社区。08:34Well,this was an unbelievably ambitious idea,ambitiousbecause communities had to approve those plans.这是一个难以置信的、雄心勃勃的主意,说它有野心,是因为社区 必须得批准那些计划。08:56So how was I going to get this done?那我该怎样完成这件事呢？09:06By listening.So I began listening,in fact,thousands of hoursof listening just to establish tr

42、ust.通过倾听。所以我开始倾听。事实上,数千小时的倾听 就是为了建立信任。09:09You know,communities can tell whether or not youunderstand their neighborhoods.如你所知,社区可以辨别 你是否理解他们的社区。09:17redirect:vt.使改方向;重新寄送/adj.再直接的/n.再直接询问 redo:vt.重做;重新装饰 zoning:n.(美)分区制;都市的区域划分regulatory:adj.管理的;控制的;调整的 reshape:vt.改造;再成形 prohibiting:v.禁止(prohibit的i

43、ng形式)unbelievably:adv.难以置信地;不可信地Its not something you can just fake.你没办法作假。09:21And so I began walking.之后,我开始散步。09:24I cant tell you how many blocks I walked,in swelteringsummers,in freezing winters,year after year,just so I couldget to understand the DNA of each neighborhood and knowwhat each stree

44、t felt like.年复一年,我都说不出在酷暑,在寒冬 我走过了多少个街区。我这样做是为了 了解每一个社区的历史,感受每一条街道的感觉。09:27I became an incredibly geeky zoning expert,finding waysthat zoning could address communities concerns.我成为了一个疯狂的分区规划专家,一直在寻找最符合人们心意 的分区方法。09:41So little by little,neighborhood by neighborhood,block byblock,we began to set heig

45、ht limits so that all newdevelopment would be predictable and near transit.一点一点,一个小区又一个小区,一个街区又另一个街区,我们开始设置高度限制,这样一来,所有新的开发项目 就能被预测到,并且临近交通系统。09:49Over the course of 12 years,we were able to rezone 124neighborhoods,40 percent of the city,12,500 blocks,so thatnow,90 percent of all new development of

46、New York iswithin a 10-minute walk of a subway.在这 12 年里,我们重新规划了 124 个地区,占城市面积的 40%,共 12,500 个街区,现在,纽约市90%的新开发地区 离地铁站的步行距离都在十分钟内。10:00In other words,nobody in those new buildings needs to owna car.换而言之,在那些新房子里的人 不需要有车。10:20sweltering:adj.闷热的;热得难受的 winters:n.温特斯(加利福尼亚州城市);温特斯(美国警察剧系列)year after year:年

47、复一年地;每年 geeky:adj.(俚)令人讨厌的 little by little:渐渐;逐渐地 predictable:adj.可预言的Well,those rezonings were exhausting and enervating andimportant,but rezoning was never my mission.那样重新规划令人精疲力尽,而且使人憔悴又十分重要,但重新规划从来不是我的任务。10:24You cant see zoning and you cant feel zoning.你看不见分区,也感觉不到分区。10:34My mission was always

48、 to create great public spaces.我的任务一直都是去创造 美好的公共空间。10:38So in the areas where we zoned for significant development,Iwas determined to create places that would make adifference in peoples lives.因此,在那些我们为了进行重点开发而规划出来的地区,我决定去创造 可以改变人们生活的空间。10:42Here you see what was two miles of abandoned,degradedwater

49、front in the neighborhoods of Greenpoint andWilliamsburg in Brooklyn,impossible to get to andimpossible to use.你所看到的是 长达两公里的、被遗弃和剥蚀的海滨,它位于布鲁克林的绿点地区 和威廉姆斯伯格辖区里,那里几乎无药可救。10:50Now the zoning here was massive,so I felt an obligation tocreate magnificent parks on these waterfronts,and I spent anincredibl

50、e amount of time on every square inch of theseplans.在那里所需的规划是庞大的,我感到有责任在这些海滨 创建美丽的公园,在这个计划的每一个细节上,我都花了很多的时间。11:02I wanted to make sure that there were tree-lined paths fromthe upland to the water,that there were trees and plantingseverywhere,and,of course,lots and lots of places to sit.我想要确保那里 有绿树成荫