IwanBaan_2013Z[伊万.巴恩][特殊环境里的不同寻常的房子].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Throughout my career,Ive been fortunate enough to workwith many of the great international architects,documenting their work and observing how their designshave the capacity to influence the cities in which they sit.在我的职业生涯里,我非常幸运的 和很多著名的 国际建筑师一起工作过,整理他们的工作,并观察 他们的设计是如何有能力 去影响其所在的城市。00:

2、12I think of new cities like Dubai or ancient cities like Romewith Zaha Hadids incredible MAXXI museum,or like righthere in New York with the High Line,a city which has been somuch influenced by the development of this.我想到了如迪拜一样的新城市 或者像罗马一样的老城市 拥有扎哈哈迪德不可思议的设计21世纪国家艺术博物馆 或者像这里,高楼林立的纽约 一个被摩天大楼的建筑 深深影响

3、的城市。00:25But what I find really fascinating is what happens whenarchitects and planners leave and these places becomeappropriated by people,like here in Chandigarh,India,thecity which has been completely designed by the architect LeCorbusier.但是我发现最吸引我的是 当这些城市的建筑师和规划者离开 人们开始使用这些地方时,城市将会发生怎样的变化 比如印度的昌

4、迪加尔 一个完全由建筑师 勒柯布西耶 设计的城市。00:41Now 60 years later,the city has been taken over by people invery different ways from whatever perhaps intended for,likehere,where you have the people sitting in the windows of theassembly hall.60年后的今天,这个城市已经被 居民以一种当初设计时不可设想的方式 所使用,像这里 有人们坐在礼堂的窗户上。00:56documenting:n.文件编制

5、 observing:adj.观察的;注意的;观察力敏锐的/v.观察;遵守(observe的ing形式)influenced:adj.受影响的/v.影响(influence的过去分词)planners:n.规划师;规划人员(planner的复数);计划人员 appropriated:v.挪用;拨款;把据为己有;顺手牵羊(appropriate的过去式)assembly:n.装配；集会，集合But over the course of several years,Ive been documentingRem Koolhaass CCTV building in Beijing and the

6、olympicstadium in the same city by the architects Herzog and deMeuron.但是在这几年期间,我在记录雷姆库哈斯 设计的北京CCTV大楼 和同一个城市里由赫尔佐格和德梅隆设计的 奥运主体育场。01:09At these large-scale construction sites in China,you see asort of makeshift camp where workers live during the entirebuilding process.在这些中国的大型基建项目里,你可以看到一种临时的帐篷营地 是工人在

7、整个施工期间居住的地方。01:22As the length of the construction takes years,workers end upforming a rather rough-and-ready informal city,making forquite a juxtaposition against the sophisticated structuresthat theyre building.由于施工期需要多年的时间,工人最终形成一种非常原始和简单的 非常规城市,和他们正在建设的 复杂结构的建筑并存。01:32Over the past seven years,I

8、ve been following my fascinationwith the built environment,and for those of you who knowme,you would say that this obsession has led me to live outof a suitcase 365 days a year.在过去的七年里,我一直在追随着 我对建筑环境的兴趣,并且对你们当中了解我的人,你们会说 这种痴迷使我 一年365天提着行李生活01:44Being constantly on the move means that sometimes I ama

9、ble to catch lifes most unpredictable moments,like here inNew York the day after the Sandy storm hit the city.一直四处奔波 意味着有时我可以 抓住生活中最不可预测的时刻,比如在纽约这里 在桑迪飓风袭击城市后的一天。01:57large-scale:adj.大规模的,大范围的;大比例尺的 makeshift:n.权宜之计;凑合;临时措施;将就/adj.临时的;权宜之计的;凑合的informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的 juxtaposition:n.并置,并列;

10、毗邻 sophisticated:adj.复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的/v.使变得世故；使迷惑；篡改(sophisticate的过去分词形式)fascination:n.魅力;魔力;入迷obsession:n.痴迷;困扰;内科心理强迫观念 live out:住在外面;活过(某一段时间);实践,实现 suitcase:n.轻手提箱;衣箱on the move:在活动中,在进行中;四处奔波 unpredictable:adj.不可预知的;不定的;出乎意料的/n.不可预言的事Just over three years ago,I was for the first time in Cara

11、cas,Venezuela,and while flying over the city,I was just amazedby the extent to which the slums reach into every corner ofthe city,a place where nearly 70 percent of the populationlives in slums,draped literally all over the mountains.正好在三年前,我第一次来到委内瑞拉的加拉加斯当飞机飞过城市上方时,我很惊讶于 这里的贫民窟已经遍布了城市的每个角落,一个百分之七十的

12、居民 生活在贫民窟里的地方,贫民窟满山遍野的搭建着02:10During a conversation with local architects Urban-Think Tank,I learned about the Torre David,a 45-story office building在和当地的城市设计智库的谈话中,我了解到托雷大卫 一个45层高的办公楼,坐落在 加拉加斯的中心。02:30TED演讲者：Iwan Baan|伊万.巴恩演讲标题：Ingenious homes in unexpected places|特殊环境里的不同寻常的房子内容概要：In the center of

13、 Caracas,Venezuela,stands the 45-story Tower of David,anunfinished,abandoned skyscraper.But about eight years ago,people started moving in.Photographer Iwan Baan shows how people build homes in unlikely places,touring us throughthe family apartments of Torre David,a city on the water in Nigeria,and

14、an underground villagein China.Glorious images celebrate humanity.s ability to survive and make a home-anywhere.在委内瑞拉加拉加斯市中心，立着一座45层高的烂尾楼”大卫楼“。但是8年后，人们开始搬入这座楼。摄影师伊万.巴恩通过介绍大卫楼里面的住家，尼日利亚的河上城市和中国的窑洞村庄，向观众展示人们是如何在最不可能的环境下建造房子。精美的照片使人赞叹着人类在任何角落里伟大的生存和建设家园的能力。I learned about the Torre David,a 45-story off

15、ice buildingwhich sits right in the center of Caracas.心。02:30The building was under construction until the collapse of theVenezuelan economy and the death of the developer in theearly 90s.这个高楼一直在施工 直到90年代初委内瑞拉经济大崩盘 并且设计者去世。02:40About eight years ago,people started moving into theabandoned tower and

16、began to build their homes right inbetween every column of this unfinished tower.大概八年前,人们开始搬进 被废弃的大楼里 并开始在这个未完工的大楼的每个间隙里 搭建他们自己的房子。02:48Theres only one little entrance to the entire building,and the3,000 residents come in and out through that single door.整座大楼只有一个小小的入口,3000居民从这里通过这一个门进出。02:58amazed:a

17、dj.惊奇的,吃惊的/v.使吃惊;把弄糊涂(amaze的过去分词)slums:n.贫民,经贫民区(slum的复数)/v.到贫民窟去;过贫苦生活(slum的第三人称单数)draped:adj.垂褶袖;打褶形/vt.用布帘覆盖(drape的过去式及过去分词)Venezuelan:adj.委内瑞拉的;委内瑞拉人的/n.委内瑞拉人 abandoned:adj.被抛弃的;无约束的;/v.抛弃(abandon的过去式和过去分词)residents:n.居民;住院医生(resident的复数);房客Together,the inhabitants created public spaces anddesig

18、ned them to feel more like a home and less like anunfinished tower.居住者合力建立了公共空间 并设计德使这里多一点家的感觉 少一点烂尾楼的感觉。03:06In the lobby,they painted the walls and planted trees.在大堂,他们粉刷了墙面,种植了树03:13They also made a basketball court.他们还建了一个篮球场。03:17But when you look up closely,you see massive holes whereelevators

19、 and services would have run through.但是当你近距离观察时,可以看到很多的洞,这是当初设计给电梯 和其它的服务设施。03:20Within the tower,people have come up with all sorts ofsolutions in response to the various needs which arise fromliving in an unfinished tower.在大楼里,人们想出了 各种解决方案 以应对不同的需求 由于居住在这个烂尾楼里。03:27With no elevators,the tower is l

20、ike a 45-story walkup.由于没有电梯 大楼像个45层的步行高楼。03:36Designed in very specific ways by this group of people whohavent had any education in architecture or design.这群没有受过任何建筑和设计培训的居民 以一种独特的方式 设计了大楼的使用。03:41And with each inhabitant finding their own unique way ofcoming by,this tower becomes like a living cit

21、y,a placewhich is alive with micro-economies and small businesses.而当每个居住者发现他们自己 独特的生活居住方式时,这座大楼好像变成了一座居住的城市,一个伴随着微观的经济 和小商户的地方。03:49inhabitants:n.居民(inhabitant的复数)elevators:n.电梯(elevator的复数形式);升降机 run through:跑着穿过;浏览;刺;挥霍 come up with:提出;想出;赶上 in response to:响应;回答;对有反应 inhabitant:n.居民;居住者The inventi

22、ve inhabitants,for instance,find opportunities inthe most unexpected cases,like the adjacent parking garage,which has been reclaimed as a taxi route to shuttle theinhabitants up through the ramps in order to shorten thehike up to the apartments.比如,这些有创造力的居住者 在最不可思议的情况下发现机遇,比如毗邻的停车场 被重新规划为一条出租车的路线 搭载

23、居民通过坡道 以缩短到公寓的爬坡的距离。04:01A walk through the tower reveals how residents have figuredout how to create walls,how to make an air flow,how tocreate transparency,circulation throughout the tower,essentially creating a home thats completely adapted to theconditions of the site.穿过大楼的一路上 展现了居民是如何想出 怎么搭建墙体,

24、怎么让空气流通,怎么让大楼更加透亮,大楼的循环系统,尤其是创造一个 完全适应于 周围环境的家园。04:18When a new inhabitant moves into the tower,they alreadyhave a roof over their head,so they just typically mark theirspace with a few curtains or sheets.当一个新的居住者搬进这座大楼,他们已经有一个可以遮盖的房顶,所以他们通常只是使用 很小的窗帘和单子来突出他们的地方。04:37Slowly,from found materials,wall

25、s rise,and people create aspace out of any found objects or materials.慢慢地,从现成的材料,高墙,人们创造了一个从任何现成物体 和材料搭建的空间。04:46inventive:adj.发明的;有发明才能的;独出心裁的 adjacent:adj.邻近的，毗连的 reclaimed:adj.回收的,再生的;翻造的/v.回收利用;改造(reclaim的过去分词);开垦土地 ramps:n.交坡道(ramp的复数);斜坡/v.横冲直撞;敲诈勒索(ramp的三单形式)shorten:vt.缩短;减少;变短/vi.缩短;变短 hike:

26、vi.远足;徒步旅行;上升/vt.提高;拉起;使高涨/n.远足;徒步旅行;涨价transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃 circulation:n.流通，传播；循环；发行量 adapted:adj.适合的/v.使适应,改编(adapt的过去式)typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地 curtains:n.建窗帘(curtain的复数);灾难 space out:使间隔开;(因服食毒品等)变得昏昏沉沉;加宽行距或字距Its remarkable to see the design decisions that theyremaking,like when eve

27、rything is made out of red bricks,someresidents will cover that red brick看到他们的设计规划决定 很让人惊叹,例如当所有东西都是红砖建的时候,一些居民会在红砖墙外覆盖上04:54with another layer of red brick-patterned wallpaper just tomake it a kind of clean finish.另一层红砖样式的墙纸 只为了让它看上去有干净的感觉。05:03The inhabitants literally built up these homes with th

28、eir ownhands,and this labor of love instills a great sense of pride inmany families living in this tower.这些居住者真的是 用他们的双手来搭建自己的房子,这种充满着爱的劳动 渗透出一种伟大的自豪感充盈在很多住在这儿的家庭里。05:12They typically make the best out of their conditions,and tryto make their spaces look nice and homey,or at least upuntil as far as

29、they can reach.他们特别是要尽最大可能利用他们周围的环境 来让他们的生活空间更温馨,更有家的感觉,或者至少做到他们能尽的最大可能。05:21Throughout the tower,you come across all kinds of services,like the barber,small factories,and every floor has a littlegrocery store or shop.在大楼里,你可以找到 各种各样的服务,比如理发店,小铺子,每层都有 小的食品杂货店和商店。05:31And you even find a church.你甚至可以

30、找到一个教堂。05:43And on the 30th floor,there is a gym where all the weightsand barbells are made out of the leftover pulleys from theelevators which were never installed.并且在30层有一个健身房 那里所有的器械和杠铃都是由剩下的滑轮制成的 这些滑轮是从那些没有安装的电梯上拿来的。05:46wallpaper:n.建壁纸,墙纸/vi.贴墙纸,贴壁纸/vt.贴墙纸于,贴壁纸于 instills:vt.徐徐滴入;逐渐灌输 homey:adj.

31、舒适的;家庭似的;自在的 come across:v.偶遇;无意中发现;讲得清楚明白;给人印象 factories:n.工厂,车厂(factory复数形式)grocery:n.食品杂货店/食品杂货 weights:n.物重量;计量砝码(weight的复数)/v.加重量于(weight的第三人称单数形式)barbells:n.杠铃 leftover:n.残留物;吃剩的饭菜;剩余物/adj.残余的;吃剩的 pulleys:n.滑轮(pulley的复数);皮带轮From the outside,behind this always-changing facade,yousee how the fix

32、ed concrete beams provide a framework forthe inhabitants to create their homes in an organic,intuitiveway that responds directly to their needs.从外面,在这个不断变化的外墙后面,你可以看到固定的混凝土梁柱是如何 为居民提供一个房屋框架以便让他们以一种有机而直观的方式 去搭建他们的房子 来直接应对他们的需求。05:55Lets go now to Africa,to Nigeria,to a community calledMakoko,a slum w

33、here 150,000 people live just meters abovethe Lagos Lagoon.让我们现在去看看非洲,尼日利亚,来到一个叫马卡卡的住宅区 一个居住着15万人的贫民窟 住在仅在拉各斯湖上面几米的地方。06:07While it may appear to be a completely chaotic place,whenyou see it from above,there seems to be a whole grid ofwaterways and canals connecting each and every home.虽然它看上去好像是一个很混

34、乱的地方,但当你从上往下看,那里好像存在 一个由水路和运河形成的格子网 连接着每家每户。06:18From the main dock,people board long wooden canoeswhich carry them out to their various homes and shopslocated in the expansive area.从主码头,人们坐上长木做的小木舟 带他们前往在很大一片区域里的 各种房屋和商店06:30When out on the water,its clear that life has beencompletely adapted to th

35、is very specific way of living.当进入水域时,很明显 生活已经完全融入 这种特殊条件下的生活方式。06:39facade:n.正面;表面;外观 beams:建梁 intuitive:adj.直觉的;凭直觉获知的 responds:响应 slum:vi.(为猎奇或救济等)去贫民窟/n.贫民窟;陋巷;脏乱的地方 Lagoon:n.地理水文泻湖;环礁湖;咸水湖 chaotic:adj.混沌的;混乱的,无秩序的waterways:n.水路;水道(waterway的复数);排水沟 canals:n.水运运河;隧道(canal的复数)/v.在开凿运河(canal的第三人称单数

36、)dock:n.码头;船坞;被告席;尾巴的骨肉部分/vt.使靠码头;剪短/vi.入船坞 canoes:n.独木舟(canoe的复数);划艇/v.乘独木舟(canoe的三单形式)expansive:adj.广阔的;扩张的;豪爽的Even the canoes become variety stores where ladies paddlefrom house to house,selling anything from toothpaste tofresh fruits.甚至木筏子也变成各种各样的小店 女人们划着木舟从一家到另一家,卖着从牙膏到新鲜水果的各种东西。06:46Behind eve

37、ry window and door frame,youll see a small childpeering back at you,and while Makoko seems to be packedwith people,whats more shocking is actually the amount ofchildren pouring out of every building.在每一扇窗户和门框背后,你都会看到有小孩子在背后盯着你 虽然马卡卡看上去到处都是人,但更让人吃惊的是实际上 每座房屋里面拥有的孩子的数量。06:55The population growth in Ni

38、geria,and especially in theseareas like Makoko,are painful reminders of how out ofcontrol things really are.尼日利亚的人口增长,尤其是在像马卡卡这样的区域,痛苦地提醒着人们 生育失控后带来的结果。07:08In Makoko,very few systems and infrastructures exist.在马卡卡,只有非常少的生活系统 和基础设施存在07:18Electricity is rigged and freshest water comes from self-built

39、wells throughout the area.电是被垄断的,且干净的水 来自于这片区域里自己建造的井。07:23This entire economic model is designed to meet a specificway of living on the water,so fishing and boat-making arecommon professions.整个经济模式 是为了应对特殊的水上生活方式而设计的 所以捕鱼和造船 是普遍的职业。07:29paddle:n.划桨;明轮翼/vt.拌;搅;用桨划/vi.划桨;戏水;涉水 toothpaste:n.牙膏 peering

40、:n.对等互连;对等操作;互传;同级化/v.凝视(peer的现在分词);同等,比得上 pouring:v.倾泻;倾诉(pour的ing形式)/n.冶浇注;传布 reminders:n.提醒,催函(reminder的复数形式)infrastructures:n.建基础设施;下部构造;基本建设(infrastructure的复数)freshest:新鲜的/清新的(fresh的最高级)professions:n.行业(profession的复数形式);职业;专业Youll have a set of entrepreneurs who have set upbusinesses throughout

41、 the area,like barbershops,CD andDVD stores,movie theaters,tailors,everything is there.这里还有一系列的商户 在这片区域建立经营着自己的生意,比如理发店,CD和DVD商店,电影院,裁缝铺,和其它的一切。07:39There is even a photo studio where you see the sort ofaspiration to live in a real house or to be associated with afaraway place,like that hotel in Swe

42、den.这是甚至有一个照相馆 让你看到一种期望 去住在真正的大房子里或者和一个遥远的地方 产生联系,比如瑞典的旅馆。07:54On this particular evening,I came across this live banddressed to the T in their coordinating outfits.在这个特别的夜晚,我遇到这个 穿着舞台表演衣服的现场演奏乐队。08:05www.XiYuS锡育软件They were floating through the canals in a large canoe with a他们在河道里漂着 坐在一个装了可发光的大船里,让所

43、有居民欣赏他们的演出。08:12They were floating through the canals in a large canoe with afitted-out generator for all of the community to enjoy.让所有居民欣赏他们的演出。08:12By nightfall,the area becomes almost pitch black,save for asmall lightbulb or a fire.深夜降临后,这片区域变得漆黑一片,除了一些小的电灯 或者火光。08:21What originally brought me to

44、 Makoko was this project froma friend of mine,Kunl?Adeyemi,who recently finishedbuilding this three-story floating school for the kids inMakoko.最初使我来到马卡卡的原因 是一个我朋友的做的项目,昆里阿德耶米,它最近修建了 一个漂在水上的三层学校 给马卡卡这里的孩子们使用。08:29entrepreneurs:n.企业家(entrepreneur的复数)barbershops:n.理发店/adj.有男声合唱之和声的 theaters:n.影剧院,剧院(t

45、heater复数)tailors:服装裁缝 aspiration:n.渴望;抱负;送气;吸气;吸引术 faraway:adj.遥远的;恍惚的 coordinating:adj.协调的/v.协调(coordinate的ing形式);整合 outfits:n.全套装备;一套服装(outfit的复数)/v.装备;获得装备(outfit的单数第三人称)canoe:n.独木舟;轻舟/vi.乘独木舟/vt.用独木舟运 nightfall:n.黄昏;傍晚;日暮With this entire village existing on the water,public space isvery limited,

46、so now that the school is finished,the groundfloor is a playground for the kids,but when classes are out,the platform is just like a town square,where the fishermenmend their nets and floating shopkeepers dock their boats.由于整个村落都在水上,公共空间十分有限,所以现在学校建好了,底层就变成了孩子们的活动场所,但是当课上完了,整个平台 就变成了一个小的城镇广场,渔民在那里补网

47、 划船卖东西的人们在那里停靠木船。08:40Another place Id like to share with you is the Zabbaleen inCairo.另一个我希望和你们分享的地方 是在开罗的扎巴林。09:01Theyre descendants of farmers who began migrating fromthe upper Egypt in the 40s,and today they make their livingby collecting and recycling waste from homes from all overCairo.这里的居民是4

48、0年代 从埃及上部的地区移居过来的农民的后代,今天他们靠着 从全开罗居民家里收集和回收垃圾维生。09:05For years,the Zabbaleen would live in makeshift villageswhere they would move around trying to avoid the localauthorities,but in the early 1980s,they settled on theMokattam rocks just at the eastern edge of the city.很多年来,扎巴林的居民生活在临时的村落里 他们可以随时移动 以

49、试图回避当地政府,但是在80年代初,他们在 摩卡塔姆山区定居下来 就在城市东边的边缘地区。09:17Today,they live in this area,approximately 50,000 to 70,000people,who live in this community of self-built multi-storyhouses where up to three generations live in one structure.今天,他们生活在这片区域,大约5万到7万人,住在自己建的 多层房屋的社区里 三代同堂。09:31mend:vt.修理,修补;改善;修改/vi.改善

50、,好转/n.好转,改进;修补处 shopkeepers:n.店主,老板 descendants:n.后代,晚辈(descendant的复数);子节点;衍生物 migrating:v.迁移;迁徙;移居(migrate的ing形式)recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用/v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词)move around:v.走来走去;绕着来回转 authorities:n.当局,官方(authority的复数)approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于While these apartments that they built for themselve