JedidahIsler_2015U[耶底大.艾斯勒][我是如何爱上类星体_耀星体和这不可思议的宇宙的].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件My first love was for the night sky.我的初恋给了夜空。00:13Love is complicated.我对它爱很复杂。00:16Youre looking at a fly-through of the Hubble SpaceTelescope Ultra-Deep Field,one of the most distant imagesof our universe ever observed.你们现在看到的是一个哈勃望远镜超深空图像,这是目前我们能观测到的最遥远的宇宙图像之一。00:17Everything you see

2、here is a galaxy,comprised of billions ofstars each.你们现在所看到的一切都是星系,每个都由几十亿颗星球组成。00:26And the farthest galaxy is a trillion,trillion kilometers away.最远的星系距离我们有10的24次方公里。00:32As an astrophysicist,I have the awesome privilege ofstudying some of the most exotic objects in our universe.作为一个天体物理学家,我很荣幸能研究

3、 一些宇宙中最吸引人的东西。00:37The objects that have captivated me from first crushthroughout my career are supermassive,hyperactive blackholes.那让我在职业生涯中始终迷恋的 就是超大质量的活跃的黑洞。00:44Weighing one to 10 billion times the mass of our own sun,these galactic black holes are devouring material,at a rate ofupwards of 1,000

4、 times more than your averagesupermassive black hole.这些比太阳重1-100亿倍星级黑洞,正吞噬着物质,以超过“平均”超大质量黑洞 1000倍的速度。00:53fly-through:飞越 observed:adj.观察的;观测的/v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式)comprised:v.包含(comprise的过去分词);由组成 farthest:adv.最远地(far的最高级);最大程度地/adj.最远的;最久的(far的最高级)trillion:n.数万亿/adj.万亿的/num.数万亿 astrophysicist

5、:n.天体物理学家 awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的 exotic:adj.异国的;外来的;异国情调的 captivated:v.迷住;迷惑(captivate的过去式)supermassive:adj.特大质量的hyperactive:adj.极度活跃的;活动过度的 galactic:adj.银河的;乳汁的 devouring:毁灭 upwards:adv.向上;在上部;向上游(Laughter)These two characteristics,with a few others,makethem quasars.（笑声）这两个特质,与一些其他的特点一起,使他

6、们成为了类星体。01:07At the same time,the objects I study are producing some ofthe most powerful particle streams ever observed.与此同时,我研究的天体 释放着一些从未检测到的最强粒子流。01:14These narrow streams,called jets,are moving at 99.99percent of the speed of light,and are pointed directly at theEarth.这些细小的粒子流被称为喷射流,以光速99.99%移动着

7、 而且直冲地球。01:21These jetted,Earth-pointed,hyperactive and supermassiveblack holes are called blazars,or blazing quasars.这些高速,直冲地球,活跃且超重的黑洞 被称为耀变体,或者闪耀的类星体。01:33What makes blazars so special is that theyre some of theuniverses most efficient particle accelerators,transportingincredible amounts of energ

8、y throughout a galaxy.耀变体如此特殊是因为他们是宇宙中 一些最有效的粒子加速器,将不可思议的能量传送到星系中。01:43Here,Im showing an artists conception of a blazar.现在,我正展示的是一个艺术家对于耀变体的设想图。01:54The dinner plate by which material falls onto the black hole iscalled the accretion disc,shown here in blue.物质掉入黑洞时所经过的餐盘 被叫做吸积盘,也就是蓝色的部分。01:57charact

9、eristics:n.特性,特征;特色(characteristic的复数);特质 quasars:n.天类星体;恒星状球体;半星球体(quasar的复数形式)jetted:adj.用黑色大理石装饰的 blazing:adj.燃烧的;强烈的;闪耀的/adv.非常/v.燃烧;闪耀;迸发;公开(blaze的ing形式)accelerators:n.核加速器(accelerator的复数形式)transporting:运输;猜火车(电影名)/v.运输(transport的ing形式)conception:n.怀孕;概念;设想;开始 accretion:n.添加;增加物;连生;冲积层 disc:n.圆

10、盘,电子唱片(等于disk)/vt.灌唱片Some of that material is slingshotted around the black holeand accelerated to insanely high speeds in the jet,shownhere in white.有些物质被弹射到黑洞周围 然后在喷射流中加速到异常高的速度 也就是白色的部分。02:04Although the blazar system is rare,the process by whichnature pulls in material via a disk,and then flings

11、 some of itout via a jet,is more common.虽然耀变体系统很少见,但是通过吸盘自然的吸收物质的过程 然后通过喷射流放出,是很常见的。02:11Well eventually zoom out of the blazar system to show itsapproximate relationship to the larger galactic context.我们最后将缩小耀变体系统 来展示它与更大的星系的近似关系。02:21TED演讲者：Jedidah Isler|耶底大.艾斯勒演讲标题：How I fell in love with quasars

12、,blazars and our incredible universe|我是如何爱上类星体，耀星体和这不可思议的宇宙的内容概要：Jedidah Isler first fell in love with the night sky as a little girl.Now she.s anastrophysicist who studies supermassive hyperactive black holes.In a charming talk,she takesus trillions of kilometers from Earth to introduce us to objec

13、ts that can be 1 to 10 billion timesthe mass of the sun and which shoot powerful jet streams of particles in our direction.耶底大.艾斯勒第一次爱上夜空是在她还是个小女孩的时候。现在她是个研究活跃的超大质量黑洞的天体物理学家。在这次令人陶醉的演讲中，她带我们去认识距离地球万亿公里以外的那些比太阳质量大10亿到100亿的物体有时它们还会向地球喷射强大的粒子流。Beyond the cosmic accounting of what goes in to what goesou

14、t,one of the hot topics in blazar astrophysics right now iswhere the highest-energy jet emission comes from.除了对宇宙中进出的物质的计算外,目前在耀变体天体物理学中的一个热点话题是 那些高能的喷射流来自哪里。02:33In this image,Im interested in where this white blob formsand if,as a result,theres any relationship between the jetand the accretion dis

15、c material.在这张图中,我感兴趣的是这些白色物质来自哪里还有,是否最终这些喷射流与吸积盘 之间有任何的联系呢。02:45Clear answers to this question were almost completelyinaccessible until 2008,when NASA launched a newtelescope that better detects gamma ray light-对于这个问题的清晰的回答 在2008年以前几乎是没有的,直到美国宇航局发射了一个能够更好的探测伽玛射线的新望远镜02:55accelerated:adj.加速的;加快的/v.加

16、速;促进(accelerate的变形)insanely:adv.疯狂地;狂暴地;精神错乱地 flings:vt.掷,抛;嘲笑;使陷入;轻蔑地投射;猛动/n.掷,抛;嘲弄;急冲/vi.猛冲,急行 approximate:vt.近似;使接近;粗略估计/vi.接近于;近似于/adj.数近似的;大概的 cosmic:adj.宇宙的(等于cosmical)accounting:n.会计,会计学;账单/v.解释(account的ing形式);叙述 astrophysics:n.天体物理学 blob:n.一滴;一抹;难以名状的一团/vt.弄脏;把做错/vi.得零分;弄错 inaccessible:adj.难

17、达到的；难接近的；难见到的 detects:发现 gamma:n.微克;希腊语的第三个字母that is,light with energies a million times higher than yourstandard x-ray scan.这种射线相比X射线,有比其高一百万倍的能量。03:04I simultaneously compare variations between the gammaray light data and the visible light data from day to day andyear to year,to better localize th

18、ese gamma ray blobs.同时,我年复一年日复一日的比较 伽玛射线的数据和其他可见光的数据的变化,来更好的定位伽玛射线圈。03:10My research shows that in some instances,these blobs formmuch closer to the black hole than we initially thought.我的研究表明有些时候,这些射线圈比我们预想的要距离黑洞更近。03:21As we more confidently localize where these gamma rayblobs are forming,we can b

19、etter understand how jets arebeing accelerated,and ultimately reveal the dynamicprocesses by which some of the most fascinating objects inour universe are formed.当我们越发确定 伽玛射线圈形成的地方,我们就能更好的理解喷射流被加速过程,最终揭示 宇宙中一些迷人的天体的动态形成过程。03:29This all started as a love story.这是一个爱情故事开始的。03:45And it still is.并且一直是。0

20、3:49This love transformed me from a curious,stargazing younggirl to a professional astrophysicist,hot on the heels ofcelestial discovery.这个爱把我从一个好奇的,仰望星空的小女孩 转变成一个天体物理学家专家,热衷于发现天体。03:51energies:活力 simultaneously:adv.同时地 variations:n.变奏曲,变更;生物变种(variation的复数形式)from day today:一天天地 localize:vt.使地方化;使局部

21、化;停留在一地方/vi.局部化;集中 blobs:n.斑点(blob的复数)/v.溅污(blob的三单形式)instances:n.相依物体,例子;实体(instance的复数)/v.举例说明(instance的第三人称单数形式)initially:adv.最初，首先；开头 confidently:adv.自信地;安心地 love story:n.爱情故事,恋爱小说 stargazing:n.耽于幻想;心不在焉/v.眺望星星;空想(stargaze的现在分词)heels:n.高跟鞋(heel的复数);脚踝;残余料/v.紧跟;给(鞋等)装跟(heel的三单形式)celestial:adj.天上的

22、,天空的/n.神仙,天堂里的居民Who knew that chasing after the universe would ground meso deeply to my mission here on Earth.谁知道追随着宇宙 会让我深深地投入到我在地球上的工作中。04:00Then again,when do we ever know where loves first flutterwill truly take us.还有,我们什么时候会知道 我们的爱好最终会将我们引向何方。04:07Thank you.谢谢大家。04:11(Applause)（掌声）04:13flutter:vi.飘动;鼓翼;烦扰/vt.拍;使焦急;使飘动/n.摆动;鼓翼;烦扰*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*