RachelBotsman_2012G[Rachel Botsman][新型经济的货币是信用].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件So if someone asked you for the three words that would sumup your reputation,what would you say?如果有人请你 你会选用哪三个？00:12How would people describe your judgment,your knowledge,your behaviors,in different situations?别人会怎样去评价你在不同情况下00:21Today Id like to explore with you why the answer to thisq

2、uestion will become profoundly important in an age wherereputation will be your most valuable asset.00:27Id like to start by introducing you to someone whose life hasbeen changed by a marketplace fueled by reputation.他的人生曾被一个特别的市场改变。00:38Sebastian Sandys has been a bed and breakfast host onAirbnb si

3、nce 2008.作为一个住家向游客提供早餐和住宿。00:46I caught up with him recently,where,over the course ofseveral cups of tea,he told me how hosting guests from allover the world has enriched his life.一起喝了几杯茶之后,他告诉我00:52More than 50 people have come to stay in the 18th-centurywatchhouse he lives in with his cat,Squeak.他

4、和他名叫Squeak的猫住在一个18 世纪哨所模样的房子里。01:01sum up:总结;概述;计算的总数 profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地 asset:n.资产;优点;有用的东西;有利条件;财产;有价值的人或物 fueled:v.加燃料(fuel的过去分词)hosting:n.作战;群众或部队的集合 enriched:adj.浓缩的;强化的/v.使丰富;充实;浓缩(enrich的过去分词)Squeak:vi.告密;吱吱叫;侥幸成功/n.吱吱声;机会/vt.以短促尖声发出Now,I mention Squeak because Sebastians first guesth

5、appened to see a rather large mouse run across thekitchen,and she promised that she would refrain fromleaving a bad review on one condition:he got a cat.01:08And so Sebastian bought Squeak to protect his reputation.所以为了保护他的名声,Sebastian买来了Squeak。01:22Now,as many of you know,Airbnb is a peer-to-peerma

6、rketplace that matches people who have space to rentwith people who are looking for a place to stay in over 192countries.有多余空间的房主发布自己的房屋信息,有需要的人可在上面预订。Airbnb用户遍布了超过192 个国家。01:26The places being rented out are things that you mightexpect,like spare rooms and holiday homes,but part of themagic is the

7、unique places that you can now access:treehouses,teepees,airplane hangars,igloos.比如树屋,圆锥形帐篷,飞机机库,雪屋等等。01:39If you dont like the hotel,theres a castle down the road thatyou can rent for 5,000 dollars a night.你可以住在5000美元一晚的城堡里。01:53Its a fantastic example of how technology is creating amarket for thin

8、gs that never had a marketplace before.Airbnb这个例子说明 科技正在那些我们未曾想到的 领域上创造出崭新的市场。01:59run across:偶然遇到;跑着穿过 refrain from:克制;抑制;忍住 peer-to-peer:n.对等;对等网络 teepees:n.(美)圆锥形帐篷hangars:n.航飞机库;航飞机棚(hangar的复数)igloos:n.冰屋;圆顶建筑(igloo的复数)Now let me show you these heat maps of Paris to see howinsanely fast its grow

9、ing.现在请大家看这些巴黎的热点地图,这里你可以看到这个市场是如何疯狂增长的。02:07这幅图片是从 2008 年开始的。02:12The pink dots represent host properties.02:15Even four years ago,letting strangers stay in your homeseemed like a crazy idea.02:19Now the same view in 2010.现在,是在 2010 年的同一视图。02:25And now,2012.和现在,2012 年。02:27There is an Airbnb host o

10、n almost every main street in Paris.在巴黎几乎每个主要的街道上有 一个Airbnb 住家。02:30Now,whats happening here is people are realizing thepower of technology to unlock the idling capacity and valueof all kinds of assets,from skills to spaces to materialpossessions,in ways and on a scale never possible before.现在正在发生的,

11、即是人们正在认识到 让各种类型的的资产价值得以体现:02:35TED演讲者：Rachel Botsman|Rachel Botsman演讲标题：Rachel Botsman:The currency of the new economy is trust|新型经济的货币是信用内容概要：Rachel Botsman writes and speaks on the power of collaboration and sharingthrough network technologies,and on how it will transform business,consumerism and

12、theway we live.在协作消费爆炸的时代-凭网络的力量分享汽车，公寓，技术。Rachel Botsman探索让像Airbnb及Taskrabbit这类系统运作的货币:信用，影响力，以及她所说的“名声值”。Its an economy and culture called collaborativeconsumption,and,through it,people like Sebastian arebecoming micro-entrepreneurs.正在成为微型企业家。02:54Theyre empowered to make money and save money from

13、their existing assets.挖掘出了创造财富的方法。03:02insanely:adv.疯狂地;狂暴地;精神错乱地 idling:n.电空载;空运转 assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;有益的品质;经财产;有利条件(一项)财物;资产(asset的名词复数);(商店,破产者等的)财产;遗产;有价值的人或物 possessions:n.经财产;所有物(possession的复数形式)collaborative:adj.合作的,协作的 empowered:adj.获得授权的;允许的/v.允许;授与权力(empower的过去式)But the real magic and the se

14、cret source behind collaborativeconsumption marketplaces like Airbnb isnt the inventory orthe money.协作消费市场的 不是库存或钱。03:08Its using the power of technology to build trust betweenstrangers.是利用技术的力量建立陌生人03:16This side of Airbnb really hit home to Sebastian last summerduring the London riots.03:21He woke

15、 up around 9,and he checked his email and he saw abunch of messages all asking him if he was okay.接着他看到了许多信息都来确认他 是否安然无事。03:25Former guests from around the world had seen that the riotswere happening just down the street,and wanted to check ifhe needed anything.他曾经来自世界各地的客人知道了 问他需要什么帮助。03:33Sebastia

16、n actually said to me,he said,Thirteen formerguests contacted me before my own mother rang.(Laughter)Sebastian其实对我说,他说,在十三个客人 与我联系之后我母亲才打来电话。（笑声）03:39Now,this little anecdote gets to the heart of why Im reallypassionate about collaborative consumption,and why,after Ifinished my book,I decided现在,这段小插

17、曲联系到了我真正为何 对协作消费有巨大热情的原因了。并且联系到为什么,当我我完成了我的书之后,我决定03:47marketplaces:n.市场;集贸市场(marketplace的复数)inventory:n.存货，存货清单；详细目录；财产清册 riots:n.暴动(riot的复数)/v.骚乱(riot的第三人称单数形式);闹事 a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆 contacted:交往,接触(contact的过去式和过去分词)rang:v.包围;成环形(ring的过去式)anecdote:n.轶事;奇闻;秘史 passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的Im going

18、 to try and spread this into a global movement.03:57Because at its core,its about empowerment.04:00Its about empowering people to make meaningfulconnections,connections that are enabling us to rediscovera humanness that weve lost somewhere along the way,它赋予人们力量来进行有意义的互动与联系,这些联系能让我们能够重新找回04:04by enga

19、ging in marketplaces like Airbnb,like Kickstarter,likeEtsy,that are built on personal relationships versus emptytransactions.通过像 Airbnb,Kickstarter,Etsy 而不是那些空洞的网络交易。04:14Now the irony is that these ideas are actually taking us backto old market principles and collaborative behaviors that arehard-wi

20、red in all of us.现在具有讽刺意味的是,这些创意实际上正在带我们回归到04:25Theyre just being reinvented in ways that are relevant forthe Facebook age.他们都只是以不同方式被重新塑造了,跟上04:33Were literally beginning to realize that we have wired ourworld to share,swap,rent,barter or trade just aboutanything.Were sharing our cars on WhipCar,我们

21、的世界来共享、交换、租赁、易货或贸易04:38empowerment:n.许可,授权 empowering:v.授权;允许(empower的ing形式)enabling:adj.授权的/v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词)rediscover:vt.重新发现;再发现 engaging:adj.迷人的/v.参加(engage的ing形式);保证;雇用 versus:prep.对；与.相对；对抗 transactions:n.处理,图情会报;汇报(transaction复数)irony:n.讽刺；反语；具有讽刺意味的事/adj.铁的；似铁的 hard-wired:adj.计硬连线的,硬接线

22、的 reinvented:重复发明,彻底改造,重新使用(reinvent的过去式和过去分词)swap:n.交换;交换之物/vt.与.交换;以.作交换/vi.交换;交易 barter:vi.进行易货贸易;贸易作物物交换;讨价还价/vt.以作为交换;拿进行易货贸易/n.易货贸易;物物交换;实物交易our bikes on Spinlister,our offices on Loosecubes,ourgardens on Landshare.Were lending and borrowing moneyfrom strangers on Zopa and Lending Club.我们在 Spi

23、nlister上分享自行车,在Loosecubes上分享办公室04:49We are trading lessons on everything from sushi-making tocoding on Skillshare,and were even sharing our pets onDogVacay.我们用Skillshare来分享一切经验,从如何做寿司,我们甚至在 DogVacay 上分享宠物。04:58Now welcome to the wonderful world of collaborativeconsumption thats enabling us to match

24、wants with haves inmore democratic ways.这使我们能够将供与求 以更民主的方式匹配起来。05:06Now,collaborative consumption is creating the start of a现在,协作消费正在开始 改变我们看待供求关系的方式,但它也造成价值观地重大改变,05:16Now,collaborative consumption is creating the start of atransformation in the way we think about supply anddemand,but its also a pa

25、rt of a massive value shiftunderway,方式,但它也造成价值观地重大改变,05:16where instead of consuming to keep up with the Joneses,people are consuming to get to know the Joneses.05:27But the key reason why its taking off now so fast is becauseevery new advancement of technology increases theefficiency and the social

26、 glue of trust to make sharing easierand easier.但如此快速发展的关键原因在于 科技的每次新进展 都提高了效率和社会信任度05:34bikes:n.自行车(bike的复数形式)/v.骑自行车(bike的第三人称单数形式)lending:n.出借;出借物/adj.出借的/v.贷款;提供(lend的ing形式);借给 coding:n.译码/v.把编码(code的ing形式)haves:n.富人;富国 in the way:妨碍;挡道 underway:adj.进行中的;起步的;航行中的/n.公路水底通道 consuming:adj.消费的;强烈的/v

27、.消耗(consume的ing形式)keep up:保持;继续;不低落;不落后 Joneses:n.邻居;与自己社会地位相等的人 advancement:n.前进,进步;提升 trust to:依靠Now,Ive looked at thousands of these marketplaces,andtrust and efficiency are always the critical ingredients.信任度和效率始终是两个最重要的因素。05:48Let me give you an example.让我举一个例子。05:56Meet 46-year-old Chris Mok,w

28、ho has,I bet,the best job titlehere of SuperRabbit.05:58Now,four years ago,Chris lost his job,unfortunately,as anart buyer at Macys,and like so many people,he struggledto find a new one during the recession.他在这个经济衰退期间艰难地寻找新的工作。06:06And then he happened to stumble across a post aboutTaskRabbit.06:17N

29、ow,the story behind TaskRabbit starts like so many greatstories with a very cute dog by the name of Kobe.06:22www.XiYuS锡育软件Now what happened was,in February 2008,Leah and herhusband were waiting for a cab to take them out for dinner,when Kobe came trotting up to them and he was salivatingwith saliva

30、.还流着口水。06:29They realized theyd run out of dog food.他们意识到狗粮快吃完了,06:41ingredients:材料;作料 struggled:vbl.奋斗;努力/v.奋斗;努力 stumble:vi.踌躇,蹒跚;失足;犯错/vt.使困惑;使绊倒/n.绊倒;蹒跚而行 by the name of:名叫;以的名义 trotting:n.(人)慢跑;马小跑的步态;刚学步的小孩;老太婆;腹泻;(学生作弊用的)译文对照本/vi.(马)小跑;(人)慢跑;快步走/vt.使小跑;使快步走 salivating:vt.使流涎;使过量分泌唾液/vi.分泌唾液;流

31、口水saliva:n.唾液;涎 run out of:用完Kevin had to cancel the cab and trudge out in the snow.Kevin不得不取消了出租车服务,开始在雪地里跋涉。06:43Now,later that evening,the two self-confessed tech geeksstarting talking about how cool it would be if some kind ofeBay for errands existed.后来那天晚上,两个自称科技爱好者 来帮人做些杂活儿。06:47Six months lat

32、er,Leah quit her job,and TaskRabbit was born.然后TaskRabbit平台诞生了。06:56At the time,she didnt realize that she was actually hitting ona bigger idea she later called service networking.当时,她并没有意识到她其实开创了一个 更大的平台,她之后命名其为服务网络。07:01Its essentially about how we use our online relationships toget things done in

33、 the real world.来完成现实中的工作。07:09Now the way TaskRabbit works is,people outsource thetasks that they want doing,name the price theyre willing topay,and then vetted Rabbits bid to run the errand.现在 TaskRabbit 的工作方式是,人们将他们 他们想做的事外包给他人,标出自己愿意付的价格,来完成他们想要做的事。07:16Yes,theres actually a four-stage,rigorous

34、interview processthats designed to find the people that would make greatpersonal assistants and weed out the dodgy Rabbits.用以来找到可以成为非常优秀的个人助理的人,并淘汰那些不可靠的“Rabbits”。07:26trudge:vi.跋涉;步履艰难地走/vt.跋涉/n.长途跋涉;沉重的步伐 self-confessed:adj.公开承认的 geeks:n.奇葩(指反常的人,畸形人,野人,现也指智力超群,善于钻研但不懂与人交往的学者或知识分子);奇客(geek的复数形式)co

35、ol it:冷静下来;保持不偏不倚;处之泰然 errands:差使(errand的名词复数)networking:n.计算机网络的设计;一种互助性的网络体系/v.交流(network的ing形式);联络 outsource:vt.把外包/vi.外包 Rabbits:n.兔子;穴兔(rabbit的复数)/v.聚拢在一起(rabbit的三单形式)errand:n.使命;差事;差使 rigorous:adj.严格的，严厉的；严密的；严酷的 assistants:n.管理助理,助教,店员;辅佐人(assistant的复数形式)weed out:清除;淘汰;除去 dodgy:adj.狡猾的,逃避的;善于

36、骗人的;躲闪的Now,theres over 4,000 Rabbits across the United States and5,000 more on the waiting list.现在,全美国有超过 4,000 位“Rabbits”,还有5000以上的人在等候名单里。07:36Now the tasks being posted are things that you mightexpect,like help with household chores or doing somesupermarket runs.现在正在发布的任务都是你会想到的,或者去超市买点东西。07:44I

37、actually learned the other day that 12 and a half thousandloads of laundry have been cleaned and folded throughTaskRabbit.已被清理和折好了。07:52But I love that the number one task posted,over a hundredtimes a day,is something that many of us have felt the painof doing:yes,assembling Ikea furniture.(Laughter

38、)(Applause)被张贴超过一百次的任务,是我们很多人07:59Its brilliant.Now,we may laugh,but Chris here is actuallymaking up to 5,000 dollars a month running errands aroundhis life.这真是太有创意了。现在,我们或许觉得好笑,但Chris在这里 实际上每月工资达到了5000 美元08:16And 70 percent of this new labor force were previouslyunemployed or underemployed.曾经失业或者是就

39、业不足的。08:25I think TaskRabbit and other examples of collaborativeconsumption are like lemonade stands on steroids.Theyrejust brilliant.08:32chores:n.杂务;零工;困难的工作(chore的复数)the other day:不久前某一天;几天以前 loads:n.电负载,电负荷(load的复数);货载量/v.负担;装货(load的第三人称单数)laundry:n.洗衣店，洗衣房；要洗的衣服；洗熨；洗好的衣服 folded:v.折叠;交叉合拢;失败垮台;把

40、牲畜关在栏中(fold的过去分词)/adj.折叠的;褶曲的 assembling:n.装配;计汇编/adj.装配的;组合的/v.装配(assemble的ing形式);聚集 unemployed:adj.失业的;未被利用的 underemployed:adj.未充分就业的;学非所用的;只有部分时间被雇用的/n.大材小用的人 lemonade:n.柠檬水 steroids:n.生化类固醇(steroid的复数形式);甾体Now,when you think about it,its amazing,right,that overthe past 20 years,weve evolved from

41、 trusting people onlineto share information to trusting to handing over our creditcard information,and now were entering the third trustwave:在过去的 20 年中,我们已经发展到 到把我们的信用卡信息交出来 我们现在进入第三个信任潮流:08:39connecting trustworthy strangers to create all kinds ofpeople-powered marketplaces.连接可信赖的陌生人来创建所有类型08:56I a

42、ctually came across this fascinating study by the PewCenter this week that revealed that an active Facebook user isthree times as likely as a non-Internet user to believe thatmost people are trustworthy.我碰巧看到这个很棒的研究 较非互联网用户有高出2倍的几率认为人是值得信赖的。09:02Virtual trust will transform the way we trust one anot

43、her faceto face.09:15Now,with all of my optimism,and I am an optimist,comes ahealthy dose of caution,or rather,an urgent need toaddress some pressing,complex questions.也有一份恰如其量的谨慎,或者,也有迫切需求09:20trustworthy:adj.可靠的;可信赖的 Pew:n.座位;会众;教堂内的靠背长凳/vt.排座位 one another:彼此,互相 face to face:面对面 optimism:n.乐观；乐观主义

44、 optimist:n.乐观主义者;乐天派 dose:n.剂量;一剂,一服/vi.服药/vt.给药;给服药caution:n.小心,谨慎;警告,警示/vt.警告 or rather:更精确地说,倒不如说How to ensure our digital identities reflect our real worldidentities?Do we want them to be the same?真实世界的身份？我们希望两者一致吗？09:32How do we mimic the way trust is built face-to-face online?09:38How do we s

45、top people whove behaved badly in onecommunity doing so under a different guise?09:42In a similar way that companies often use some kind of creditrating to decide whether to give you a mobile plan,or therate of a mortgage,marketplaces that depend ontransactions between relative strangers企业往往以类似的方式使用

46、一些 陌生人之间交易的市场09:47need some kind of device to let you know that Sebastian andChris are good eggs,and that device is reputation.09:59Reputation is the measurement of how much a communitytrusts you.信誉测量社会信任你的程度。10:07Lets just take a look at Chris.10:12You can see that over 200 people have given him an

47、 averagerating over 4.99 out of 5.您可以看到 200 多人给予他10:14identities:身份/特性 mimic:vt.模仿,摹拟/n.效颦者,模仿者;仿制品;小丑/adj.模仿的,模拟的;假装的 face-to-face:adj.面对面的;当面的/adv.面对面地 guise:n.伪装;装束;外观/vt.使化装/vi.伪装 rating:n.等级;等级评定;额定功率/v.对评价(rate的ing形式)mortgage:vt.抵押/n.抵押/房屋抵押贷款 take a look at:看一看;检查There are over 20 pages of re

48、views of his work describinghim as super-friendly and fast,and hes reached level 25,thehighest level,making him a SuperRabbit.关于他的工作评价有超过20页10:21Now?(Laughter)-I love that word,SuperRabbit.现在 （笑声）-我爱这个词,SuperRabbit（超级兔子）。10:31And interestingly,what Chris has noted is that as hisreputation has gone u

49、p,so has his chances of winning a bidand how much he can charge.有趣的是,Chris已经注意到是,随着他的名声 上升,他的中标几率也 以及他的收费随之上升。10:34In other words,for SuperRabbits,reputation has a real worldvalue.换句话说,对于 SuperRabbits（超级兔子）,名声10:43Now,I know what you might be thinking.10:47Well,this isnt anything new.Just think of p

50、ower sellers oneBay or star ratings on Amazon.在eBay上的出色卖家或亚马逊网站的星评级。10:49The difference today is that,with every trade we make,comment we leave,person we flag,badge we earn,we leavea reputation trail of how well we can and cant be trusted.今天,两者区别在于,我们做的每次贸易 我们留下的名声的踪迹 知道我们可以如何被人和不被人信任。10:56And its n