PiaMancini_2014G[Pia Mancini][网络时代如何改进民主].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件I have the feeling that we can all agree that were movingtowards a new model of the state and society.我想我们都会同意 我们的国家和社会面貌 正在发生改变00:12But,were absolutely clueless as to what this is or what itshould be.但是 它应当是怎样 将会变成怎样 我们却毫无头绪00:20It seems like we need to have a conversation aboutdemocra

2、cy in our day and age.看来我们需要 对我们这个时代的民主制度 进行一场讨论00:27Lets think about it this way:We are 21st-century citizens,doing our very,very best to interact with 19th century-designed institutions that are based on an informationtechnology of the 15th century.不妨这样考虑 我们是 21 世纪的公民 尽最大的努力 与基于 15 世纪的信息技术设计 设计于 1

3、9 世纪的机构体系打交道00:34Lets have a look at some of the characteristics of thissystem.让我们看一看 这个体系的特点00:52First of all,its designed for an information technology thatsover 500 years old.首先 它所基于的信息技术 已经过时 500 年了00:56And the best possible system that could be designed for it isone where the few make daily dec

4、isions in the name of themany.基于此 能设计出的最好的系统 也只能是少数人 以多数人的名义 进行日常决策01:02And the many get to vote once every couple of years.而多数人 只能每隔几年投一次票01:12In the second place,the costs of participating in this systemare incredibly high.其次 参与这个体系的成本 非常高01:17clueless:adj.无线索的;愚蠢的 have a look at:看一看,看一眼 character

5、istics:n.特性,特征;特色(characteristic的复数);特质 First of all:adv.首先 in the name of:以的名义 participating:adj.由多人一起参加的;(股票等)持有人有权分享利益的/v.参加(participate的ing形式)You either have to have a fair bit of money and influence,oryou have to devote your entire life to politics.要么 你非常有钱 非常有影响力 要么 你终生投身政治01:22You have to bec

6、ome a party member and slowly startworking up the ranks until maybe,one day,youll get to sit ata table where a decision is being made.你必须加入政党 然后慢慢的往上爬 也许某天 你终于有资格 坐在桌前 参与决策01:31And last but not least,the language of the system?itsincredibly cryptic.还有啊 异常的晦涩难懂01:43Its done for lawyers,by lawyers,and

7、 no one else canunderstand.它是律师写给律师看的 普通人很难读懂01:49So,its a system where we can choose our authorities,but weare completely left out on how those authorities reach theirdecisions.在这样的体系下 我们倒是能选择代表 我们却无法得知 他们会如何决策01:55So,in a day where a new information technology allows us toparticipate globally in a

8、ny conversation,our barriers ofinformation are completely lowered and we can,more thanever before,express our desires and our concerns.现在我们的信息技术高度发展 我们可以与世界上任何角落对话 信息的壁垒前所未有的低 我们比任何时候 都能更好的表达需求与担忧02:06Our political system remains the same for the past 200 yearsand expects us to be contented with bei

9、ng simply passiverecipients of a monologue.而我们的政治系统一成不变 已经有200年了 还指望我们能安安静静的 看着政客们表演02:26cryptic:adj.神秘的,含义模糊的;动隐藏的 authorities:n.当局,官方(authority的复数)barriers:n.障碍;栅栏;篱笆墙(barrier的复数形式)lowered:v.降低;削弱(lower的过去分词)contented:adj.满足的;心安的/v.使满足;使安心(content的过去式和过去分词)recipients:n.收件人(recipient的复数)monologue:n

10、.独白So,its really not surprising that this kind of system is onlyable to produce two kinds of results:silence or noise.毫不奇怪 这样的系统 只能产生两种结果 沉默 或是喧嚣02:40Silence,in terms of citizens not engaging,simply notwanting to participate.沉默 就是公民懒于参与 对政治没有兴趣02:52Theres this commonplace idea that I truly,truly dis

11、like,andits this idea that we citizens are naturally apathetic.That weshun commitment.我非常不喜欢这种陈词滥调 说我们天生漠然 说我们拒绝承担公民责任02:58But,can you really blame us for not jumping at the怎么能这么说呢？就因为我们没有 在上班时间 走到城市中 亲身参加政治活动吗 就因为我们没有参TED演讲者：Pia Mancini|Pia Mancini演讲标题：How to upgrade democracy for the Internet era|

12、网络时代如何改进民主内容概要：Pia Mancini and her colleagues want to upgrade democracy in Argentina and beyond.Through their open-source mobile platform they want to bring citizens inside the legislativeprocess,and run candidates who will listen to what they say.Pia Mancini 和她的同伴们，想要改进阿根廷和全世界的民主制度。通过他们的开源移动平台，他们希望

13、让民众参与到立法过程中，推选出愿意听民众意见的候选人。But,can you really blame us for not jumping at theopportunity of going to the middle of the city in the middleof a working day to attend,physically,a public hearing thathas no impact whatsoever?到城市中 亲身参加政治活动吗 就因为我们没有参与毫无影响力的听证会03:09Conflict is bound to happen between a sys

14、tem that nolonger represents,nor has any dialogue capacity,and citizensthat are increasingly used to representing themselves.当这个体系无法代表大众 或是没有对话空间的时候 大众就会站出来 自己代表自己03:24And,then we find noise:Chile,Argentina,Brazil,Mexico Italy,France,Spain,the United States,theyre all democracies.这就产生了喧嚣 智利 阿根廷 巴西 墨

15、西哥 意大利法国 西班牙 美国 都是民主国家03:40in terms of:依据;按照;在方面;以措词 engaging:adj.迷人的/v.参加(engage的ing形式);保证;雇用 apathetic:adj.冷漠的;无动于衷的,缺乏兴趣的 shun:vt.避开,避免;回避 bound to:一定会;束缚于 representing:v.代表;表示,表现(represent的ing形式)democracies:民主Their citizens have access to the ballot boxes.But they stillfeel the need,they need to

16、 take to the streets in order to beheard.它们的公民有选票 但这些民众仍然觉得 他们需要走上街头 表达诉求03:50To me,it seems like the 18th-century slogan that was thebasis for the formation of our modern democracies,Notaxation without representation,在我看来 这就像是 那个十八世纪的口号 促成了现代民主的那个口号“若无代表 不要缴税”04:02can now be updated to No represent

17、ation without aconversation.现在可以套用成;“若不对话 不要代表”04:16We want our seat at the table.我们想要决策权04:23And rightly so.我们有权参与04:27But in order to be part of this conversation,we need to knowwhat we want to do next,because political action is beingable to move from agitation to construction.但若想参与决策对话 就需要知道下一步做

18、什么 因为 政治决策就是 从震荡 走向建设04:30My generation has been incredibly good at using newnetworks and technologies to organize protests,proteststhat were able to successfully impose agendas,roll backextremely pernicious legislation,and even overthrowauthoritarian governments.我们这一代人 非常善于使用网络技术 来组织抗议通过抗议 我们影响政策 终

19、止恶法 甚至推翻独裁政府04:43ballot:n.投票;投票用纸;投票总数/vi.投票;抽签决定/vt.使投票表决;拉选票 take to:喜欢;走向;开始从事 taxation:n.课税,征税;税款 updated:adj.更新的;现代化的/v.更新(update的过去式)rightly:adv.正确地;恰当地;公正地;合适地 agitation:n.激动;搅动;煽动;烦乱 protests:v.抗议;反对(protest的三单形式)/n.抗议(protest的复数)agendas:n.会议议程(agenda的复数)roll back:击退;把压低到标准水平 pernicious:adj.

20、有害的;恶性的;致命的;险恶的 legislation:n.立法；法律 overthrow:n.推翻;倾覆;瓦解/vt.推翻;打倒;倾覆 authoritarian:adj.独裁主义的;权力主义的/n.权力主义者;独裁主义者And we should be immensely proud of this.我们应当为此 深感骄傲05:03But,we also must admit that we havent been good at usingthose same networks and technologies to successfullyarticulate an alternati

21、ve to what were seeing但我们也承认 我们没能好好利用 同样的网络技术来根据所见 提出改进方案05:07and find the consensus and build the alliances that areneeded to make it happen.并找到共识 凝聚力量 促成实践05:20And so the risk that we face is that we can create these hugepower vacuums that will very quickly get filled up by defacto powers,like the

22、 military or highly motivated andalready organized groups that generally lie on the extremes.所以 风险在于 我们能创造巨大的权力真空 但却迅速的被权力占据 比如军政府 比如有目的有组织的极端群体05:27But our democracy is neither just a matter of voting onceevery couple of years.但我们的民主 既不是每隔几年 来投一次票05:46But its not either the ability to bring million

23、s onto thestreets.也不是把民众拉上街头05:52So the question Id like to raise here,and I do believe its themost important question we need to answer,is this one:在此 我想提出一个问题 我相信 这是我们需要回答的 最为重要的问题 那就是05:58immensely:adv.极大地;无限地;广大地;庞大地 articulate:vt.清晰地发(音);明确有力地表达/vi.发音;清楚地讲话;用关节连接起来/adj.发音清晰的;口才好的;有关节的 consensus

24、:n.一致；舆论；合意 alliances:n.联盟,同盟;盟国(alliance的复数形式);联姻 vacuums:n.真空装置;真空吸尘器(vacuum的复数形式)/v.用真空吸尘器清扫;使用真空装置于(vacuum的三单形式)facto:adj.事实上的,实际上的 motivated:adj.有动机的;有积极性的/v.使产生动机;激发的积极性(motivate的过去式和过去分词)lie on:位于;压迫;依赖;折磨 extremes:n.狂热分子,极端条件If Internet is the new printing press,then what is democracyfor the

25、 Internet era?如果互联网是新时代的出版社 那么互联网时代的民主应该是什么样的06:06What institutions do we want to build for the 21st-centurysociety?我们能为 21 世纪的社会 建造出怎样的体系06:14I dont have the answer,just in case.我没有答案 我承认06:21I dont think anyone does.可能谁都没有06:25But I truly believe we cant afford to ignore this questionanymore.但 不应该

26、继续视这个问题了06:26anymore.So,Id like to share our experience and what weve learned sofar and hopefully contribute two cents to this conversation.所以 我打算分享我们的经历 以及我们的体会 希望能对这个问题有所启发06:31Two years ago,with a group of friends from Argentina,westarted thinking,how can we get our representatives,ourelected rep

27、resentatives,to represent us?两年前 和一帮阿根廷朋友们一起 我们想 怎么能让那些代表 我们亲手选出的代表 代表我们说话呢06:39Marshall McLuhan once said that politics is solving todaysproblems with yesterdays tools.M-M曾说 政治 就是用昨天的工具 解决今天的问题06:53So the question that motivated us was,can we try and solvesome of todays problems with the tools that

28、 we use everysingle day of our lives?这使我们想到 我们能否用今天的方法 日常的技术来解决今天的问题呢07:02Our first approach was to design and develop a piece ofsoftware called DemocracyOS.我们的第一个尝试 是研发了 一个叫做DemocracyOS(民主操作系统)的软件系统07:12representatives:n.代表;众议院(representative的复数形式)DemocracyOS is an open-source web application that

29、isdesigned to become a bridge between citizens and theirelected representatives to make it easier for us to participatefrom our everyday lives.DemocracyOS 是一个开放源码的网络应用 我们期待它能成为 选民和代表之间的沟通桥梁 让我们更方便的参与政治07:19So first of all,you can get informed so every new project thatgets introduced in Congress gets

30、 immediately translated andexplained in plain language on this platform.首先 议会上提出的每个议题 都会通知到你 并被写成了 大众能理解的文字07:34But we all know that social change is not going to come fromjust knowing more information,but from doing somethingwith it.但是 我们都知道 并不是我们掌握了信息 社会变革就会发生 还需要有所行动07:46www.XiYuS锡育软件So better ac

31、cess to information should lead to a conversationabout what were going to do next,and DemocracyOS allowsfor that.掌握信息之后 应当促成谈话 讨论接下来改做什么这就是 DemocracyOS 所提供的功能07:56Because we believe that democracy is not just a matter ofstacking up preferences,one on top of each other,but thatour healthy and robust

32、public debate should be,once again,one of its fundamental values.我们相信 民主 并不是喜好的排列 谁比谁好 谁比谁坏 民主的核心价值 应当是健全的公共讨论08:04So DemocracyOS is about persuading and being persuaded.所以 DemocracyOS 关乎如何劝说 关乎如何听劝08:19open-source:adj.(计算机)开放源代码 lead to:导致;通向 stacking:n.交堆垛/v.堆叠,堆积(stack的ing形式)preferences:n.参数选择(pr

33、eference的复数);选择权 robust:adj.强健的;健康的;粗野的;粗鲁的 persuading:v.劝说(persuade的ing形式)persuaded:v.说服,劝说(persuade的过去分词形式)Its about reaching a consensus as much as finding a properway of channeling our disagreement.关乎达成共识 关乎找到更合适的方法 来沟通彼此的分歧08:23And finally,you can vote how you would like your electedrepresentat

34、ive to vote.最终 你可以投票 来告诉代表们 你希望他们怎么投票08:32And if you do not feel comfortable voting on a certain issue,you can always delegate your vote to someone else,allowingfor a dynamic and emerging social leadership.如果你不方便 就某事进行投票 你可以把你的投票权 委托给别人 从而产生动态变化的领导者08:38It suddenly became very easy for us to simply

35、compare theseresults with how our representatives were voting in Congress.这样 就可以轻松地比较 代表在国会的投票 是否合乎民意08:51But,it also became very evident that technology was notgoing to do the trick.很显然 仅靠科技 无法做到08:58What we needed to do to was to find actors that were able tograb this distributed knowledge in soci

36、ety and use it tomake better and more fair decisions.还需要找到 愿意利用这项科技 获取分散在民众中的意愿 并依此做出更公平决定的人09:04So we reached out to traditional political parties and weoffered them DemocracyOS.于是 我们找到了传统政党 我们把 DemocracyOS给他们09:18We said,Look,here you have a platform that you can use tobuild a two-way conversation

37、 with your constituencies.“嘿 这有一个系统 你可以用它”“与选民进行双向沟通”09:23channeling:n.通道作用;电子沟道作用;掏槽 do the trick:获得成功 grab:vt.攫取;霸占;将深深吸引/vi.攫取;夺取/n.攫取;霸占;夺取之物 two-way:adj.双向的;相互的;两路的 constituencies:n.选区;赞助者(constituency的复数)And yes,we failed.是的 我们失败了09:32We failed big time.大失败09:34We were sent to play outside lik

38、e little kids.像哄小孩一样 我们被请了出去09:37Amongst other things,we were called naive.我们被人说“幼稚”09:42And I must be honest:I think,in hindsight,we were.我也承认 事后看来 我们确实够幼稚09:44Because the challenges that we face,theyre not因为我们所要解决的 并非技术问题 而是文化问题Because the challenges that we face,theyre nottechnological,theyre cul

39、tural.09:48Political parties were never willing to change the way theymake their decisions.政党不会愿意 改变他们做决定的套路09:53So it suddenly became a bit obvious that if we wanted tomove forward with this idea,we needed to do it ourselves.于是 很显然 若想推广这个点子 我们只能自己上场09:59And so we took quite a leap of faith,and in A

40、ugust last year,we founded our own political party,El Partido de la Red,orthe Net Party,in the city of Buenos Aires.我们开始了尝试 去年的 8 月 我们成立了自己的政党 网络党 就在布宜诺斯艾利斯10:08And taking an even bigger leap of faith,we ran for electionsin October last year with this idea:if we want a seat inCongress,our candidate,

41、our representatives were alwaysgoing to vote according to what citizens decided onDemocracyOS.我们继续尝试 参加了去年十月的选举 秉承这样的理念 若想获取席位 我们的候选人 将始终依照DemocracyOS 上 选民的决定来投票10:20naive:adj.天真的,幼稚的 hindsight:n.后见之明;枪的照门Every single project that got introduced in Congress,we weregoing vote according to what citize

42、ns decided on an onlineplatform.议会上每一个提案 我们都将按照 这个网络平台上的意见来投票10:41It was our way of hacking the political system.这是我们颠覆现有政治体制的方式10:50We understood that if we wanted to become part of theconversation,to have a seat at the table,we needed tobecome valid stakeholders,and the only way of doing it is top

43、lay by the system rules.我们明白 如果想参与对话 如果想参与决策 首先得获得席位 我们只能遵守现行规则10:54But we were hacking it in the sense that we were radicallychanging the way a political party makes its decisions.但我们也在颠覆 我们彻底改变了 政党决策的方式11:08For the first time,we were making our decisions togetherwith those who we were affecting di

44、rectly by those decisions.这是史上首次 决策会影响到谁 我们就与谁一起做决策11:16It was a very,very bold move for a two-month-old party inthe city of Buenos Aires.对于一个在布宜诺斯艾利斯成立仅两个月的政党这个举动很大胆11:27But it got attention.但人们注意到了我们11:32We got 22,000 votes,thats 1.2 percent of the votes,and wecame in second for the local options.

45、我们赢得了 22000 张选票 占总票数的 1.2%在当地排名第二11:34So,even if that wasnt enough to win a seat in Congress,itwas enough for us to become part of the conversation,to theextent that next month,这个票数不够获得议会席位 但 它足够让我们 参与到对话当中11:43hacking:adj.骑马的/v.砍;出租(hack的ing形式)stakeholders:n.利益相关者;赌款保存人(stakeholder的复数)radically:adv

46、.根本上；彻底地；以激进的方式Congress,as an institution,is launching for the first time inArgentinas history,a DemocracyOS to discuss,with thecitizens,three pieces of legislation:two on urbantransportation and one on the use of public space.阿根廷史上首次 在 DemocracyOS 上 国会就三个法案 与民众展开网上对话 其中两个 是关于都市交通的 另外一个 是关于公共空间使用的11

47、:54Of course,our elected representatives are not saying,Yes,were going to vote according to what citizens decide,诚然 代表们并不是 完全按照选民的意愿 做出决定12:11but theyre willing to try.但他们愿意尝试12:18Theyre willing to open up a new space for citizenengagement and hopefully theyll be willing to listen as well.愿意打开讨论空间 让

48、民众参与 希望他们也愿意倾听民众的声音12:20Our political system can be transformed,and not bysubverting it,by destroying it,but by rewiring it with thetools that政治体系可以被改变 并非打翻 亦非摧毁 而是利用互联网12:29Internet affords us now.重新连接政治的参与方12:41But a real challenge is to find,to design to create,toempower those connectors that are

49、 able to innovate,totransform noise and silence into signal and finally bring ourdemocracies to the 21st century.真正的挑战在于 设计一个系统 连接彼此 让沉默的人 喧嚣的人 可以好好表达意愿 最终促进民主制度走向 21 世纪12:43open up:打开;开发;开始;展示,揭露 subverting:vt.颠覆;推翻;破坏 rewiring:v.重新布线;重新接线(rewire的ing形式)affords:vt.给予,提供;买得起 empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够 conn

50、ectors:n.电子连接器;电子接插件(connector的复数形式)innovate:vi.创新;改革;革新/vt.改变;创立;创始;引人Im not saying its easy.这并非唾手可得13:02But in our experience,we actually stand a chance of makingit work.我们的经历证明 我们确有机会 让这一理想实现13:05And in my heart,its most definitely worth trying.我从心底认为 值得放手一试13:11Thank you.谢谢13:15(Applause)(掌声)13: