RobertWaldinger_2015X[罗伯特·沃尔丁格][如何才能幸福请看历时最长的关于幸福的研究成果].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件What keeps us healthy and happy as we go through life?在我们的人生中 是什么让我们保持健康且幸福呢？00:12If you were going to invest now in your future best self,wherewould you put your time and your energy?如果现在你可以 为未来的自己投资 你会把时间和精力投资在哪里呢？00:18There was a recent survey of millennials asking them whattheir mos

2、t important life goals were,and over 80 percentsaid that a major life goal for them was to get rich.最近在千禧一代中有这么一个调查 问他们生活中最重要的目标是什么 超过80%的人说 最大的生活目标就是要有钱00:27And another 50 percent of those same young adults said thatanother major life goal was to become famous.还有50%的年轻人说 另一个重要的生活目标 就是要出名00:40(Laugh

3、ter)And were constantly told to lean in to work,topush harder and achieve more.（笑声）而且我们总是被灌输要投入工作,要加倍努力 要成就更多。00:50Were given the impression that these are the things that weneed to go after in order to have a good life.我们被灌输了这样一种观念,只有做到刚才说的这些 才能有好日子过。01:00Pictures of entire lives,of the choices tha

4、t people make andhow those choices work out for them,those pictures arealmost impossible to get.要人们纵观整个人生,想象各种选择,以及这些选择最终导致的结果,几乎是不可能的。01:06Most of what we know about human life we know fromasking people to remember the past,and as we know,hindsight is anything but 20/20.关于人的一生,我们能了解到的,大部分都是通过人的回忆得来

5、,但众所周知,大部分都是事后诸葛。01:18survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览/vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰/vi.测量土地 know from:区别于 hindsight:n.后见之明;枪的照门We forget vast amounts of what happens to us in life,andsometimes memory is downright creative.一生中,我们会忘记很多发生过的事情,而且记忆常常不可靠。01:29But what if we could watch entire lives as they unfoldthrough time?但如果我们可以

6、从头到尾地 纵观人的一生呢？01:36What if we could study people from the time that they wereteenagers all the way into old age to see what really keepspeople happy and healthy?如果我们可以跟踪研究一个人,从他少年时代开始一直到他步入晚年,看看究竟是什么让人们保持快乐和健康呢？01:44We did that.我们做到了。01:55The Harvard Study of Adult Development may be the longeststud

7、y of adult life thats ever been done.哈佛大学（进行的）这项关于成人发展的研究,可能是同类研究中耗时最长的。01:57For 75 years,weve tracked the lives of 724 men,year afteryear,asking about their work,their home lives,their health,and of course asking all along the way without knowing howtheir life stories were going to turn out.在75年时间里

8、,我们跟踪了724个人的一生,年复一年,了解他们的工作、家庭生活、健康状况,当然,在这一过程中,我们完全不知道他们的人生 将走向何方。02:05Studies like this are exceedingly rare.像这样的研究少之又少。02:25Almost all projects of this kind fall apart within a decadebecause too many people drop out of the study,or fundingfor the research dries up,or the researchers get distracte

9、d,orthey die,and nobody moves the ball further down the field.像这样的项目几乎都会在10年内终止,因为有许多人会中途退出,或者是研究资金不足,或者是研究者转换方向,或者去世,然后项目无人接手。02:28downright:adj.明白的;直率的;显明的/adv.完全,彻底;全然 unfold:vt.打开;呈现/vi.展开;显露 year after year:年复一年地;每年 fall apart:崩溃;土崩瓦解;破碎 drop out:退出;退学;脱离 dries:n.间歇出露区;干出(dry的复数形式)/v.变干燥;停奶(dry

10、的第三人称单数)But through a combination of luck and the persistence ofseveral generations of researchers,this study has survived.但感谢幸运女神的眷顾 和几代研究人员的坚持不懈,这个项目存活下来了。02:46About 60 of our original 724 men are still alive,stillparticipating in the study,most of them in their 90s.目前这724人中 仍有60人在世,仍然在参与研究 大多数人已经

11、90多岁了。02:54And we are now beginning to study the more than 2,000现在我们已经开始研究 他们的子孙后代,人数多达2000多人。03:05TED演讲者：Robert Waldinger|罗伯特沃尔丁格演讲标题：What makes a good life?Lessons from the longest study on happiness|如何才能幸福？请看历时最长的关于幸福的研究成果内容概要：What keeps us happy and healthy as we go through life?If you think it.

12、s fame andmoney,you.re not alone but,according to psychiatrist Robert Waldinger,you.re mistaken.Asthe director of a 75-year-old study on adult development,Waldinger has unprecedented accessto data on true happiness and satisfaction.In this talk,he shares three important lessonslearned from the study

13、 as well as some practical,old-as-the-hills wisdom on how to build afulfilling,long life.是什么让我们的人生过得健康幸福呢？如果你觉得是名望，金钱，那么你和很多人一样但精神科医师罗伯特沃尔丁格并不这么认为。沃尔丁格是一项关于成年人发展的研究项目的负责人，该研究已经进行了75年之久。沃尔丁格史无前例地揭示了真正的幸福背后的秘密。在这次演讲中，他分享了该项研究的三个重要结论，这些结论就像那些古老而又实用的知识一样，告诉我们该如何过得幸福长寿。And we are now beginning to study t

14、he more than 2,000children of these men.2000多人。03:05And Im the fourth director of the study.我是这个项目的第四任负责人。03:11Since 1938,weve tracked the lives of two groups of men.从1938年起,我们开始跟踪两组人的生活。03:15The first group started in the study when they weresophomores at Harvard College.第一组加入这个项目的人,当年在哈佛大学上大二。03:2

15、0They all finished college during World War II,and then mostwent off to serve in the war.他们在二战期间大学毕业,大部分人都参军作战了。03:25And the second group that weve followed was a group ofboys from Bostons poorest neighborhoods,boys who werechosen for the study specifically because they were fromsome of the most tro

16、ubled and disadvantaged families in theBoston of the 1930s.我们追踪的第二组人 是一群来自波士顿贫民区的小男孩,他们之所以被选中,主要是因为他们来自20世纪30年代波士顿 最困难 最贫困的家庭。03:31persistence:n.持续；固执；存留；坚持不懈；毅力 participating:adj.由多人一起参加的;(股票等)持有人有权分享利益的/v.参加(participate的ing形式)sophomores:n.大学二年级生(sophomore的复数)Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市)poorest:可怜的/低劣的/贫困的(p

17、oor的最高级)disadvantaged:adj.贫困的;处于不利地位的;社会地位低下的/n.弱势团体;不利条件/v.使处于不利地位(disadvantage的过去式和过去分词)Most lived in tenements,many without hot and cold runningwater.大部分住在廉价公寓里,很多都没有冷热水供应。03:47When they entered the study,all of these teenagers wereinterviewed.在加入这个项目时,这些年轻人都接受了面试。03:54They were given medical exa

18、ms.接受了身体检查。03:59We went to their homes and we interviewed their parents.我们挨家挨户走访了他们的父母。04:01And then these teenagers grew up into adults who enteredall walks of life.然后这些年轻人长大成人,进入到社会各个阶层。04:05They became factory workers and lawyers and bricklayersand doctors,one President of the United States.成为了工人

19、、律师、砖匠、医生,还有一位成了美国总统。04:10Some developed alcoholism.A few developedschizophrenia.有人成为酒鬼,有人患了精神分裂。04:20Some climbed the social ladder from the bottom all the wayto the very top,and some made that journey in the oppositedirection.有人从社会最底层 一路青云直上,也有人恰相反,掉落云端。04:25The founders of this study would never

20、in their wildestdreams have imagined that I would be standing here today,75 years later,telling you that the study still continues.这个项目的创始人们,可能做梦都不会想到 75年后的今天,我会站在这里,告诉你们这个项目还在继续。04:35Every two years,our patient and dedicated research staffcalls up our men and asks them if we can send them yet onemo

21、re set of questions about their lives.每两年,我们耐心而专注的研究人员 会打电话给我们的研究对象,问他们是否愿意 再做一套关于他们生活的问卷。04:49tenements:n.公寓房间(tenement的复数形式)alcoholism:n.酗酒;内科酒精中毒 schizophrenia:n.内科精神分裂症ladder:n.阶梯;途径;梯状物/vi.成名;发迹/vt.在上装设梯子Many of the inner city Boston men ask us,Why do you keepwanting to study me?My life just is

22、nt that interesting.那些来自波士顿的人问我们,“为什么你们一直想研究我？我的生活是很无趣的。”05:00The Harvard men never ask that question.但哈佛的人从没这样问过。05:08(Laughter)To get the clearest picture of these lives,we dontjust send them questionnaires.为了更好地了解这些人的生活,我们不光给他们发问卷。05:11We interview them in their living rooms.我们还在他们家客厅采访他们。05:26We

23、 get their medical records from their doctors.从他们医生那儿拿病历。05:29We draw their blood,we scan their brains,we talk to theirchildren.抽他们的血,扫描他们的大脑,跟他们的孩子聊天。05:32We videotape them talking with their wives about theirdeepest concerns.我们拍摄下他们和妻子谈话的场景,聊的都是他们最关心的问题。05:36And when,about a decade ago,we finally

24、asked the wives ifthey would join us as members of the study,many of thewomen said,You know,its about time.大约在10年前,我们终于开口问他们的妻子,是否愿意加入我们的研究,很多女士都说,“是啊,终于轮到我们了。”05:41(Laughter)So what have we learned?（笑声）那么我们得到了什么结论呢？05:50What are the lessons that come from the tens of thousands ofpages of informatio

25、n that weve generated on these lives?那长达几万页的数据记录,记录了他们的生活,我们从这些记录中间,到底学到了什么？05:53Well,the lessons arent about wealth or fame or workingharder and harder.不是关于财富、名望,或更加努力工作。06:03questionnaires:n.问卷,调查表(questionnaire的复数形式)videotape:n.录像带/vt.将录到录像带上The clearest message that we get from this 75-year stud

26、y isthis:Good relationships keep us happier and healthier.Period.从75年的研究中,我们得到的最明确的结论是:良好的人际关系能让人更加快乐和健康。就这样。06:10Weve learned three big lessons about relationships.关于人际关系,我们得到三大结论。06:23The first is that social connections are really good for us,andthat loneliness kills.第一,社会关系对我们是有益的,而孤独寂寞有害健康。06:2

27、6It turns out that people who are more socially connected tofamily,to friends,to community,are happier,theyrephysically healthier,and they live longer than people who areless well connected.我们发现,那些跟家庭成员更亲近的人,更爱与朋友、与邻居交往的人,会比那些不善交际、离群索居的人,更快乐,更健康,更长寿。06:33And the experience of loneliness turns out to

28、 be toxic.孤独寂寞是有害健康的。06:48www.XiYuS锡育软件People who are more isolated than they want to be fromothers find that they are less happy,their health declinesearlier in midlife,their brain functioning declines soonerand they live shorter lives than people who are not lonely.那些“被孤立”的人,跟不孤单的人相比,往往更加不快乐,等他们人到

29、中年时,健康状况下降更快,大脑功能下降得更快,也没那么长寿。06:51And the sad fact is that at any given time,more than one infive Americans will report that theyre lonely.可惜的是,长久以来,每5个美国人中就至少有1个声称自己是孤独的。07:10toxic:adj.有毒的；中毒的 declines:vi.下降;衰退;拒绝(decline的第三人称单数)midlife:n.中年 functioning:n.运行,运作;计功能;机能;起酌(function的动名词)/v.运行,起作用(fun

30、ction的现在分词形式)And we know that you can be lonely in a crowd and you canbe lonely in a marriage,so the second big lesson that welearned is that its not just the number of friends you have,而且即便你身在人群中,甚至已经结婚了,你还是可能感到孤独,因此我们得到的第二大结论是 不是你有多少朋友,07:19and its not whether or not youre in a committedrelationsh

31、ip,but its the quality of your close relationshipsthat matters.也不是你身边有没有伴侣,真正有影响的是这些关系的质量。07:29It turns out that living in the midst of conflict is really bad forour health.整天吵吵闹闹,对健康是有害的。07:38High-conflict marriages,for example,without much affection,turn out to be very bad for our health,perhaps w

32、orse thangetting divorced.比如成天吵架,没有爱的婚姻,对健康的影响或许比离婚还大。07:43And living in the midst of good,warm relationships isprotective.而关系和睦融洽,则对我们的健康有益。07:53Once we had followed our men all the way into their 80s,wewanted to look back at them at midlife and to see if we couldpredict who was going to grow into

33、a happy,healthyoctogenarian and who wasnt.当我们的研究对象步入80岁时,我们会回顾他们的中年生活 看我们能否预测 哪些人会在八九十岁时过得快乐健康 哪些人不会。07:57And when we gathered together everything we knew aboutthem at age 50,it wasnt their middle age cholesterol levelsthat predicted how they were going to grow old.我们把他们50岁时的所有信息 进行汇总分析,发现决定他们将如何老去的

34、,并不是他们中年时的胆固醇水平。08:11midst:n.当中，中间/prep.在中间(等于amidst)octogenarian:n.八十岁到八十九岁的人/adj.八十岁到八十九岁的cholesterol:n.生化胆固醇 predicted:adj.预测的/v.预计(predict的过去分词);预示It was how satisfied they were in their relationships.而是他们对婚姻生活的满意度。08:23The people who were the most satisfied in their relationshipsat age 50 were

35、the healthiest at age 80.那些在50岁时满意度最高的人,在80岁时也是最健康的。08:27And good,close relationships seem to buffer us from someof the slings and arrows of getting old.另外,良好和亲密的婚姻关系 能减缓衰老带来的痛苦。08:35Our most happily partnered men and women reported,intheir 80s,that on the days when they had more physical pain,their

36、 mood stayed just as happy.参与者中那些最幸福的夫妻告诉我们,在他们80多岁时,哪怕身体出现各种毛病,他们依旧觉得日子很幸福。08:42But the people who were in unhappy relationships,on thedays when they reported more physical pain,it wasmagnified by more emotional pain.而那些婚姻不快乐的人,身体上会出现更多不适,因为坏情绪把身体的痛苦放大了。08:54And the third big lesson that we learned

37、 about relationshipsand our health is that good relationships dont just protectour bodies,they protect our brains.关于婚姻和健康的关系,我们得到的第三大结论是,幸福的婚姻不单能保护我们的身体,还能保护我们的大脑。09:04It turns out that being in a securely attached relationship toanother person in your 80s is protective,that the people whoare in rel

38、ationships where they really feel they can count onthe other person in times of need,those peoples memoriesstay sharper longer.研究发现,如果在80多岁时,你的婚姻生活还温暖和睦,你对自己的另一半 依然信任有加,知道对方在关键时刻能指望得上,那么你的记忆力都不容易衰退。09:14healthiest:健康的(healthy的最高级)buffer:n.计缓冲区;缓冲器,车辆减震器/vt.缓冲 slings:n.机吊索;吊物机(sling的复数)/v.用投石器投掷;用吊钩钓

39、上(sling的第三人称单数)partnered:n.伙伴;合伙人;配偶/vi.合伙;合股;成为搭档/vt.使合作;与合伙 magnified:adj.放大的/v.放大;夸张(magnify的过去分词)securely:adv.安全地;牢固地;安心地;有把握地 sharper:n.骗子;赌棍;欺诈犯And the people in relationships where they feel they reallycant count on the other one,those are the people who而反过来,那些觉得无法信任自己的另一半的人,记忆力会更早表现出衰退。09:32

40、cant count on the other one,those are the people whoexperience earlier memory decline.And those good relationships,they dont have to be smoothall the time.幸福的婚姻,并不意味着从不拌嘴。09:42Some of our octogenarian couples could bicker with eachother day in and day out,but as long as they felt that theycould real

41、ly count on the other when the going got tough,those arguments didnt take a toll on their memories.有些夫妻,八九十岁了,还天天斗嘴,但只要他们坚信,在关键时刻,对方能靠得住,那这些争吵顶多只是生活的调味剂。09:46So this message,that good,close relationships are good forour health and well-being,this is wisdom thats as old as thehills.所以请记住,幸福和睦的婚姻对健康是有

42、利的,这是永恒的真理。10:01Why is this so hard to get and so easy to ignore?但为什么我们总是办不到呢？10:13Well,were human.因为我们是人类。10:17What wed really like is a quick fix,something we can getthatll make our lives good and keep them that way.我们总喜欢找捷径,总想一劳永逸,找到一种方法,解决所有问题。10:19Relationships are messy and theyre complicated

43、and thehard work of tending to family and friends,its not sexy orglamorous.人际关系麻烦又复杂,与家人、朋友相处需要努力付出,一点也不高大上。10:27bicker:vi.闪动;斗嘴;潺潺而流/n.吵嘴;口角;(水的)潺潺声 day in and day out:天天;夜以继日 well-being:n.幸福;康乐messy:adj.凌乱的,散乱的;肮脏的,污秽的;麻烦的 tending:v.照顾(tend的现在分词形式);维护保养 glamorous:adj.迷人的,富有魅力的Its also lifelong.It

44、never ends.而且需要一辈子投入,无穷无尽。10:37The people in our 75-year study who were the happiest inretirement were the people who had actively worked toreplace workmates with new playmates.在我们长达75年的研究中,那些最享受退休生活的人,是那些主动用玩伴来替代工作伙伴的人。10:40Just like the millennials in that recent survey,many of ourmen when they we

45、re starting out as young adults reallybelieved that fame and wealth and high achievement werewhat they needed to go after to have a good life.就像开头我说过的千禧一代一样,我们跟踪研究的很多人在年轻的时候 坚信名望、财富和成就 是他们过上好日子的保证。10:51But over and over,over these 75 years,our study has shownthat the people who fared the best were t

46、he people wholeaned in to relationships,with family,with friends,withcommunity.但在75年的时间里,我们的研究一次次地证明,日子过得最好的,是那些主动与人交往的人,与家人、朋友或者邻居。11:06So what about you?那么你们呢？11:21Lets say youre 25,or youre 40,or youre 60.也许你现在25岁,或者40岁,或者60岁。11:23What might leaning in to relationships even look like?怎样才算主动与人交往呢？

47、11:27Well,the possibilities are practically endless.嗯,我想有很多种方法吧。11:31lifelong:adj.终身的 happiest:adj.幸福的;快乐的 workmates:n.同事;工友 playmates:n.玩伴(playmate的复数)overand over:反复;再三 fared:n.法依笛(服装品牌)leaned:v.倾身;依靠;使瘦弱(lean的过去分词)It might be something as simple as replacing screen timewith people time or livenin

48、g up a stale relationship by doingsomething new together,long walks or date nights,最简单的,别再跟屏幕聊天了,去跟人聊天,或者一起尝试些新事物,让关系恢复活力,一起散个步呀,晚上约个会呀,11:35or reaching out to that family member who you haventspoken to in years,because those all-too-common familyfeuds take a terrible toll on the people who hold the

49、grudges.或者给多年未曾联系的亲戚打个电话,因为这种家庭不和睦太常见了,但它带来的伤害又很大,尤其对那些喜欢生闷气的人来说更是如此。11:49Id like to close with a quote from Mark Twain.我想引用马克?吐温的一段话来作为结束。12:04More than a century ago,he was looking back on his life,andhe wrote this:There isnt time,so brief is life,for bickerings,apologies,heartburnings,callings to

50、 account.一个多世纪前,他回首自己的人生,写下这样一段话:“时光荏苒,生命短暂,别将时间浪费在争吵、道歉、伤心和责备上。12:09There is only time for loving,and but an instant,so to speak,for that.用时间去爱吧,哪怕只有一瞬间,也不要辜负。”12:26The good life is built with good relationships.美好人生,从良好的人际关系开始。12:34Thank you.谢谢大家。12:39(Applause)（掌声）12:40feuds:n.不和;争执;封地/vi.长期不和;长期