SiddharthaRoy_2016X[西达沙·罗伊][科学服务公益].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Fresh out of college,I went to work for a consulting firm.我一从大学毕業,就到一间顾问公司做事。00:12During orientation,the leaders dished out advice.新人训练期间,培训员给了很多建议。00:16Amongst them was one pithy counsel I will never forget.其中一项很精简,我永远都不会忘记。00:20He told us,Be easy to manage.他说:当个好管的人。00:24Considering h

2、ow navie I really was at the time,I took hisadvice to heart.想一想我当时有多天真,我把他的话深印心中。00:28I told myself,Yes,I will be the ultimate team player.我对自己说:是的,我要当一个终极合作者,00:33I will do everything Im told.他们说的我都做,00:38I will be easy to manage.我要当个好管的人。00:40It wasnt until I arrived in graduate school and witness

3、edfirsthand the criminal actions of scientists and engineers inthe water crisis in Flint,Michigan that I realized howdangerous and yet surprisingly common this line of thinkingreally is.直到我进入研究所,一切都变了,我亲眼见证科学家与工程师联手,犯下密西根州弗林特市的 自来水汙染危机,使我明白这样的思路 有多危险却又意外的常见。00:42consulting:adj.咨询的,商议的;顾问的,任专职顾问的/v.咨

4、询,请教;商议(consult的现在分词形式)orientation:n.方向;定向;适应;情况介绍;向东方 dished:adj.中凹的/v.凹陷(dish的过去分词)pithy:adj.有髓的,多髓的;精练的;简洁有力的 ultimate:adj.最终的；极限的；根本的/n.终极；根本；基本原则 graduate school:研究所,研究院 witnessed:n.证人;目击者;证据/vt.目击;证明;为作证/vi.作证人 firsthand:adj.直接的;直接采购的;直接得来的/adv.直接地 Flint:n.燧石；打火石；极硬的东西/Michigan:n.密歇根;美国密歇根州Mak

5、e no mistake:the Flint water crisis is one of the mostegregious environmental injustices of our time.一点都没错,弗林特市自来水汙染事件 是我们这个时代 极严重的环境不正义。00:59For over 18 months,100,000 residents,including thousandsof young children,were exposed to contaminated drinkingwater with high levels of lead.超过 18 个月,十万居民,包括

6、数千孩童,接触到受高铅量汙染的饮用水。01:07Lead is a potent neurotoxin which causes cognitive anddevelopmental disabilities and is especially harmful togrowing fetuses and young children.铅是一种强度高的神经毒,会造成智能及发展障碍,对生长中的胎儿及幼儿特别有害。01:17Weve known about its dangers since the Roman Empire.自罗马帝国时代 我们就知道其危险性。01:27Amongst a whol

7、e host of health issues,12 people died bycontracting Legionnaires disease.在一大串的健康问题中,十二人死于退伍军人症。01:31Flints water infrastructure the complex network ofunderground pipes has been severely damaged.弗林特市的水基础建设,即在地面下错综复杂的水管线,早就受到严重破坏。01:38egregious:adj.惊人的;过分的;恶名昭彰的 injustices:n.不公正;不讲道义 residents:n.居民;住

8、院医生(resident的复数);房客contaminated:adj.受污染的;弄脏的/v.污染(contaminate的过去式)potent:adj.有效的;强有力的,有权势的;有说服力的neurotoxin:n.生化神经毒素 cognitive:adj.认知的，认识的 developmental:adj.发展的;启发的 disabilities:n.残疾(disability的复数);身心障碍者 fetuses:胎/胎儿(fetus的复数)contracting:adj.缔约的;承包的;收缩的 Legionnaires:n.美国退伍军人协会会员;军团的士兵 severely:adv.严重

9、地;严格地,严厉地;纯朴地And while the water quality is slowly improving and thepipes are being replaced now,more than two years later,thewater is still not safe to drink.即使水质已慢慢变好,现在也换了管线,事件发生两年以后,水依然不能安全饮用。01:46So,people are still in shock.所以,大家还是很惊讶。01:56They ask themselves,How could this have happened?他们问自己

10、:怎么会发生这种事？02:01The short answer is:the crisis began when an emergencymanager,appointed by Michigans governor,decided toswitch their water source to a local river to save money.长话短说就是:危机始于一位紧急应变管理师,任命于密西根州州长,决定把水源换到 一条当地河川以省钱。02:04But it continued for so long because scientists and engineersat govern

11、ment agencies in the state of Michigan and in thefederal government did not follow federal regulations for但这情况持续太久,因为受雇于政府机构的 科学家及工程师,无论是密西根或是联邦政府,都没有遵守联邦法规来处理水。02:16TED演讲者：Siddhartha Roy|西达沙罗伊演讲标题：Science in service to the public good|科学服务公益内容概要：We give scientists and engineers great technical trai

12、ning,but we.re not as good atteaching ethical decision-making or building character.Take,for example,the environmentalcrisis that recently unfolded in Flint,Michigan-and the professionals there who did nothingto fix it.Siddhartha Roy helped prove that Flint.s water was contaminated,and he tells a st

13、oryof science in service to the public good,calling on the next generation of scientists andengineers to dedicate their work to protecting people and the planet.我们给科学家与工程师非常好的技术训练，却没有好好教他们决策伦理、培养情操。就拿近期发生的密西根弗林特市环境危机为例，专家不曾力图改善。西达沙罗伊协力证明弗林特市的水的确受到汙染，并道出科学服务公益的故事。他呼吁下一代的科学家及工程师要致力保护大众及地球。federal gove

14、rnment did not follow federal regulations fortreating the water right.What was more,they actively cheated on the law andorchestrated cover-ups.更惨的是,他们还主动违法并集体包庇。02:29They ridiculed residents asking for help,while publiclyinsisting that the brown,smelly water coming out of the tapwas safe to drink.他们

15、嘲讽上门求助的居民,公开坚称从水龙头流出的褐色臭水 是安全的饮用水。02:35appointed:adj.约定的,指定的/v.任命;指定;约定时间,地点(appoint的过去分词形式)agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数)regulations:n.管理条例;规程(regulation的复数);章则 orchestrated:把编成管弦乐曲/使协调地结合在一起/精心安排(orchestrate的过去式和过去分词)cover-ups:掩饰/隐蔽(cover-up的名词复数)ridiculed:vt.嘲笑;嘲弄;愚弄/n.嘲笑;笑柄;愚弄 insisting:坚持 smelly:

16、adj.有臭味的,发臭的The system at the local,state and federal levels completelyfailed to protect our most vulnerable,and an entirepopulation was left to fend for itself.地方、州政府与联邦系统,完全没有保护最脆弱的人,使得整群人必须自立救济。02:44Now,amidst this injustice,Flint residents were rallyingtogether.在这样的不公正下,弗林特市居民团结起来。02:56Amongst t

17、hem were some amazing women of Flint mothers concerned about their kids who came togetherforming many grassroots coalitions,and these groupsstarted protesting and demanding change.其中有超棒的弗林特市妇女 担忧孩子的母亲 合作组成各式基层联盟,开始抗议并要求改变。03:02The group also reached out to outside scientists for help,anda few respon

18、ded.他们还向外面的科学家求助,并得到几个回应。03:15Amongst them was a guy named Miguel Del Toral,a waterexpert at the US EPA the Environmental Protection Agency who actually wrote this scientific memo and sent it to thestate of Michigan and the federal government to bring theirattention to this problem.其中一位是叫米格的人,美国环保署的

19、水专家,他实际写下这段科学备忘录,送给密西根州政府及联邦政府,让他们注意这个问题。03:22He was characterized a rogue employee,他被归类为不听话的员工,03:38vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的，易受的攻击；易受伤害的；有弱点的 fend:vt.谋生;保护;挡开;供养/vi.照料;供养;力争amidst:prep.在当中 rallying:汽车拉力赛(rally的现在分词)grassroots:adj.基层的;草根的;乡村的/n.草根;基础coalitions:n.联合;结盟(coalition的复数)protesting:vi.抗议;断言/vt

20、.抗议;断言/n.抗议/adj.表示抗议的;抗议性的responded:v.回答,回报;反应(respond的过去分词)characterized:adj.以为特点的 rogue:n.流氓;小淘气;凶猛的离群兽;(尤指植物的)劣种/vi.游手好闲;去劣;流浪/vt.欺诈;去劣/adj.(野兽)凶猛的and silenced.并被要求闭上嘴巴。03:41In collaboration with Flint residents,our research team hereat Tech,of students and scientists led by professor MarcEdwards

21、,conducted citywide testing与弗特林市居民合作,我们在维吉尼亚理工的研究团队,包含学生及科学家,在爱德华教授的领导下,进行全市檢验,03:42to prove that Flints water was indeed contaminated,eventoxic in some homes.证明弗特林市的水确实受到汙染,在某些住家甚至有毒。03:54We substantiated what Flint had been screaming for months,and put it on the Internet for the world to see.我们证实了

22、弗特林市数月的呼喊,并放到网路上让全世界的人都看到。04:00Now,when I was getting involved,when I said yes to this,Ihad no idea what I was getting into.我参与的时候,我答应做这件事的时候,根本不知道自己会陷入什么情况。04:06But every second of this journey has been totally worth it.但是一路走来每一秒都很值得。04:14This was science in service to the public.这就是科学为人民服务。04:18Th

23、is is what I came to graduate school for,and this is how Iwould rather spend my life.这也是我为什么要念研究所,也是我宁可过的生活。04:21And so this coalition this unlikely coalition of citizens,pastors,journalists and scientists came together touncover the truth using science,advocacy and activism.所以这样的联盟 这不寻常的联盟,结合了公民、牧师

24、、记者及科学家 一同以科学、宣传及行动揭发真相。04:27silenced:adj.无声的;装了消音器的/v.使沉默(silence的过去分词形式);使安静 collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌 Marc:n.机读目录;(水果,种子等经压榨后的)榨渣 conducted:v.管理(conduct的过去分词);引导;指挥 citywide:adj.全市的,全市性的toxic:adj.有毒的；中毒的 substantiated:adj.实体化的;被证实了的/v.证明;充实(substantiate的过去分词);使具体化 forthe world:(否定句内)无论如何;(肯定句内)每一方

25、面都 would rather:宁愿,宁可 pastors:n.牧师/vt.作的牧师journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数)advocacy:n.主张;拥护;辩护 activism:n.行动主义;激进主义A local pediatrician figured out that the instances ofchildhood lead poisoning had indeed doubled in Flintduring the crisis.一名当地小儿科医师发现,孩童铅中毒的案例 在弗林特水危机期间整整多了一倍。04:39And the state of Mi

26、chigan was forced to acknowledge theproblem and take steps to correct it.密西根州政府被迫承认这个问题,并为了改正采取几个步骤。04:47This group and many others got Flints kids protected.这个团体和其他许多团体 保护了弗林特市的小孩。04:55A few months later,President Obama came in and declared a几个月之后,欧巴马总统介入并宣布此为 联邦紧急救援案件,现在弗林特市得到六亿多美金,用来补A few months

27、 later,President Obama came in and declared afederal emergency,and now Flint is getting more than 600million dollars in healthcare,nutrition,education andoverhauling their water infrastructure.救援案件,现在弗林特市得到六亿多美金,用来补助健保、营养、教育 及彻底檢修水基础设施。04:58However,the arrogance and the callous disregard for publich

28、ealth shown by scientists and engineers at thesegovernment agencies is beyond belief.然而,这些政府单位的 科学家及工程师 对公共卫生表现出的傲慢与冷漠,令人无法置信。05:13These unhealthy cultures that are festering in these groups,where the focus is on meeting regulations and checkingboxes as opposed to protecting public health,is justapp

29、alling.这种不健康的文化 正严重腐化这些单位,他们只顾着符合法规,勾了该做的事项,而不是保护公共卫生,实在很可恶。05:26pediatrician:n.儿科医师(等于pediatrist)instances:n.相依物体,例子;实体(instance的复数)/v.举例说明(instance的第三人称单数形式)poisoning:n.中毒/v.毒害(poison的ing形式)take steps:采取措施;采取步骤 healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健 nutrition:n.营养，营养学；营养品 overhauling:n.大修;翻修;拆检;卸修/v.翻修;

30、精细检查(overhaul的ing形式)arrogance:n.自大;傲慢态度 callous:adj.无情的;麻木的;硬结的;起老茧的/vt.使冷酷无情;使硬结;使生茧/vi.变得冷酷无情;结茧;变硬/n.硬皮;老茧 disregard:vt.忽视;不理;漠视;不顾/n.忽视;不尊重 unhealthy:adj.不健康的;危险的;有害身心健康的 festering:v.溃烂;化脓;引起怨恨(fester的ing形式)opposed:adj.相反的;敌对的/v.反对(oppose的过去分词);使对立 appalling:adj.可怕的;令人震惊的/v.使惊愕;惊吓(appal的ing形式)Ju

31、st consider this email that an EPA employee wrote,whereshe goes,Im not so sure Flint is a community we want to goout on a limb for.就想一下这封环保署员工发的电邮,她这么写:我不太确定弗林特 这个社区值得我们冒险。05:38The dehumanization of an entire population could not bemore obvious.太明显把整群人妖魔化！05:49Now,contrast that to the first canon of

32、 engineering,which,inmy opinion,should be the first law of humanity:To holdparamount the health,safety and welfare of the public,相较于工程伦理第一条,在我看应该也是人性伦理的第一条:视大众健康、安全及福祉 为至高无上。05:55above all else.超越一切。06:08This is the Hippocratic Oath weve rarely acknowledged,letalone embraced.我们连这样的医师誓词 都很少提了,更别说信奉了。

33、06:10And so when scientists and engineers,very much like medicaldoctors,screw up,people can get hurt even die.所以科学家及工程师就像医师一样,如果把事情搞砸了,大众会受到危害,甚至死亡。06:15www.XiYuS锡育软件If our professionals and even students fail to get that,society pays a huge price.如果我们的专家 甚至学生没有了解这点,社会就要付出很大的代价。06:24go out on a limb

34、:爬高枝;担风险;冒险 dehumanization:n.非人化;灭绝人性;人性丧失 canon:n.标准;教规;正典圣经;教士humanity:n.人类；人道；仁慈；人文学科 paramount:adj.最重要的,主要的;至高无上的/n.最高统治者 above all:首先;尤其是 Hippocratic:adj.(古希腊医师)希波克拉底的;希波克拉底医学派的 Oath:n.誓言,誓约;诅咒,咒骂 acknowledged:adj.公认的;被普遍认可的/v.承认;确认(acknowledge的过去式和过去分词);答谢 let alone:更不必说;听任;不打扰 embraced:包含/拥抱/

35、接受 screw up:拧紧;鼓舞;弄糟;狠狠地提高 professionals:n.管理专业人员(professional的复数)Buried deep in history lies a character I deeply admire anengineer named Peter Palchinsky.我深深仰慕一位鲜为人知的古人 他是工程师,名叫彼得帕尔钦思基。06:31He lived in the time of the Soviet Union.他活在苏联时代。06:40And Palchinsky repeatedly got in trouble for his radic

36、alhonesty and willingness to point out major flaws in theSoviets mindless pursuit of rapid industrialization.帕尔钦思基常常惹祸上身,因为他的刚正不阿、并愿意指出苏联 一昧追求快速工業化的重大错误。06:43Everyone was expected to follow orders coming from the top.大家都被期望 要遵守从上面来的命令。06:56Anyone asking questions or offering feedback wasunwelcome.问问

37、题或提意见的人都不受欢迎。07:01The Soviets had created the largest army of engineers theworld had ever seen,and yet most of them were mere cogs ina gigantic machine heading for doom.苏联组织了一支世界 前所未见的工程师大军,然而其中大部分的人都只是 巨大机器中的小齿轮,朝着败亡迈进。07:05Palchinsky,on the other hand,implored engineers to look atthe economic,poli

38、tical and social consequences of theiractions;in other words,be more public-focused.然而帕尔钦思基却恳求工程师 去看他们的行为会对经济、政治及社会产生什么后果;换句话说,要更关注大众。07:16willingness:n.乐意；心甘情愿；自动自发 point out:指出,指明 flaws:n.材缺陷;力裂缝(flaw的复数)/v.有裂纹;使有裂缝(flaw的单三形式)Soviets:n.苏联人(soviet的复数);苏联政府 mindless:adj.愚蠢的;不小心的;不需要动脑筋的;不顾虑的industri

39、alization:n.工业化 unwelcome:adj.不受欢迎的;讨厌的;不被接受的/vt.冷淡地对待/n.冷淡 gigantic:adj.巨大的，庞大的 on the other hand:另一方面 implored:vt.恳求或乞求/vi.恳求或乞求 consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数)His fearless voice of reason was seen as a threat to thepolitical establishment,and Joseph Stalin had him executedin 1929.他大无畏的理性声

40、音被视为 政治机构的威胁,史达林于 1929 年处决了他。07:28Palchinskys view on technocrats is very different from one帕尔钦思基对技术官僚的观点 跟现在仍然很盛行、就是没有热情的研究人员,在自己的象牙塔实Palchinskys view on technocrats is very different from onethat is still very popular,that of a dispassionate researcherworking in his ivory tower lab,or a nerdy engi

41、neer workingin his cubicle.行、就是没有热情的研究人员,在自己的象牙塔实验室里工作,或是一个宅工程师,窝在自己的办公隔间里。07:37Brilliant,no doubt,yet somehow cut off from the world,shows little emotion kind of like Spock from Star Trek,you know?当然,他们都很聪明,但是似乎与世界隔绝,没有什么感情,有点像星际争霸战 里的史巴克,对吧？07:57This guy.这家伙。08:08(Laughter)Lets try and do the Spoc

42、k salute.（笑声）来试试史巴克式敬礼。08:09I dont think Ill succeed.我大概做不来.08:13See,I cant be Spock.看吧？我不能当史巴克。08:15fearless:adj.无畏的;大胆的 Joseph:n.连帽大氅 Stalin:n.斯大林(前苏联领导人)executed:v.履行(execute的过去分词)/adj.已执行的;已生效的 technocrats:n.技术专家(technocrat的复数);科技主义者 dispassionate:adj.不带感情的;平心静气的;公平的 ivory:n.象牙；乳白色；长牙/adj.乳白色的；象

43、牙制的/nerdy:adj.书呆子式的/n.令人厌烦的人 cubicle:n.小卧室;小隔间 no doubt:adv.无疑地;很可能地 cut off:切断;中断;使死亡;剥夺继承权 Trek:n.艰苦跋涉/vt.(牛)拉(货车);搬运/vi.艰苦跋涉 salute:n.致敬,欢迎;敬礼/vt.行礼致敬,欢迎/vi.致意,打招呼;行礼Thank goodness I cant be Spock.谢天谢地我当不了史巴克。08:18(Laughter)I was reminded of this distinction because a recentarticle came out in a

44、very reputed scientific journal,whichkind of characterized our Flint work as driven by youthfulidealism,（笑声）近期有篇文章 提醒我这两者的差异,这篇文章发表在一本很着名的科学期刊上,有一点把我们的弗林特工作 归类为受青年人的理想主义08:20and Hollywoods dramatic sensibilities.及好莱坞的戏剧性感受所驱使。08:36It asks scientists to protect their research funding andinstitutions

45、at all costs,no matter how just the cause.它要求科学家要不惜一切 保护他们的研究经费及机构,无论理由有多充分。08:38And if you think you have to get involved in something,evenif its an emergency,try finding an activist group or an NGO,and obtain the full support of the academic community whatever that means before you get involved.就想

46、一下如果你要参与某件事,即使是紧急事件,你要努力找行动组织或民间团体,还要获得学界的全力支持,不管这是什么意思 才能参与。08:47Not one mention of our moral and professional obligation ofpreventing harm to the public,or the fact that we have allthis expertise,resources and,for some,even tenure to,youknow,accomplish this task.没有人提到我们的职業道德及伦理 要避免对大众造成伤害,或事实是我们的确

47、有专门知识、资源,甚至还有终生职教授 来完成这件任务,你知道的。09:03reputed:adj.名誉好的;被普遍认为的/v.认为(repute的过去式和过去分词)youthful:adj.年轻的 idealism:n.唯心主义,理想主义;理念论 sensibilities:n.情感;敏感性;感觉;识别力 at all costs:无论如何,不惜任何代价 activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子 expertise:n.专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见 tenure:n.任期;占有/vt.授予终身职位Im not saying every scientist should be an act

48、ivist.我不是说每个科学家 都应该当行动分子。09:19There are real and sometimes very painful consequences ofspeaking up.大胆说真话有时候的确要 付上相当痛苦的代价。09:23But to denounce this idea,this possibility so completely sothat you can protect research funding,simply screams ofself-serving cowardice,and these are not the ideals wewould

49、want to pass to our students.然而全面谴责 这个想法、这个可能性,只为了保护研究经费,只不过突显出自私自利的懦弱,这也不是我们想传承给学生的理想。09:27And so you may think,OK,all this sounds great,but youllnever completely change organizational cultures,or imbibemindsets in students and professionals to look at their workas a public good science in service

50、to the public.你可能会想:是,这些听起来都很棒,但是你永远不能完全改变组织文化,或改变学生和教授的心态,让他们视自己的工作为公益 科学服务大众。09:43Maybe so.大概吧！10:00But could a big reason for that be that we are not trainingour students right?但是会不会有很大的原因是 我们没有教好学生？10:01Because if you look closely,our education system today isfocused more on creating what ex-Yal