TimBrown_2008P[提姆布朗][谈创造力与游戏].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件So this guy,this guy is a guy named Bob McKim.这位仁兄,这位仁兄叫做博布?马金。00:12And he was a creativity researcher in the 60s and 70s,andalso led the Stanford design program.60、70 年代时他是创造力研究者，同时负责史丹福大学的设计学程。00:15And in fact,my friend and IDEO founder,David Kelley,who?s out there somewhere,studied u

2、nder him atStanford.事实上，我的朋友兼 IDEO 创办人大卫?凯利，他也在场，曾在史丹福当他的学生。00:23And he liked to do an exercise with his students where he gotthem to take a piece of paper and draw the person sat nextto them,their neighbor,very quickly,just as quickly as theycould.他喜欢要学生做一个练习 要他们拿一张纸 画坐在身边的人，他们的邻座，很快地画，越快越好。00:32An

3、d in fact,we?re going to do that exercise right now.事实上，我们就要来做那个练习。00:49You all have a piece of cardboard and a piece of paper.你们都有一片纸板和一张纸。00:52It?s actually got a bunch of circles on it.它有着一堆的圆圈在上面。00:55I need you to turn that piece of paper over,you should findit?s blank on the other side,OK?我要你们

4、把纸翻过来，背面是空白的，是吧？00:56And there should be a pencil.也该有一枝铅笔。01:00And I want you to pick somebody that?s sat next to you,and when I say,go,you?ve got 30 seconds to draw yourneighbor,OK?我要你找个坐在你旁边的人，当我说?开始?，你用 30 秒画你的邻座，好吗？01:03cardboard:n.纸硬纸板;纸板箱;卡纸板/adj.不真实的;硬纸板制的 a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆 paper over:隐瞒;掩饰

5、So,everybody ready?OK.Off you go.都预备好了吗？好了？开始。01:15You?ve got 30 seconds,you?d better be fast.你有 30 秒，最好画快些。01:20Come on,those masterpieces.加油，画出杰作。01:23OK?Stop.All right,now.好？停。很好，到了。01:36(Laughter)Yes,lot?s of laughter.Yeah,exactly.(笑声)是呀，很多笑声。就是这样。01:39Lots of laughter,quite a bit of embarrassme

6、nt.很多笑声，有点难为情。01:44(Laughter)Am I hearing a few,sorry?s?I think I?mhearing a few sorry?s.(笑声)有人说?不好意思?？我猜我听到有人说?不好意思?。01:47Yup,yup,I think I probably am.对，对，我有听到。01:53And that?s exactly what happens every time,every timeyou do this with adults.那正是每次都有的事，每次你要大人做这个。01:55And McKim found this every time

7、 he did it with his students.马金每次要学生做，都发现这样。02:01He got exactly the same response:lots and lots of sorry?s.得到的反应完全一样：许许多多?不好意思?。02:04(Laughter)And he would point this out as evidence that wefear the judgment of our peers,and that we?reembarrassed about,kind of,showing our ideas to people wethink of

8、as our peers,to those around us.(笑声)他会指出这是证据 我们害怕同侪的评断，我们不好意思展现自己的构想 给我们的同侪，给周边的人。02:08masterpieces:n.杰作;绝无仅有的人 embarrassment:n.窘迫,难堪;使人为难的人或事物;拮据 peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数)/v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式)embarrassed:adj.尴尬的;窘迫的/v.使.困窘;使.局促不安(embarrass的过去分词形式)And it?s this fear is what causes us to be conservative

9、inour thinking.就是这种害怕使我们 变成思想上保守。02:24So we might have a wild idea,but we?re afraid to share itwith anybody else.我们或许有个狂野的想法，但我们怕和任何人分享。02:31OK,so if you try the same exercise with kids,they have noembarrassment at all.好，如果你要儿童做同样的练习，他们一点都不会难为情。02:36They just quite happily show their masterpiece to

10、whoeverwants to look at it.他们都高兴地展现自己的杰作 给任何想看它的人。02:42But as they learn to become adults,they become much moresensitive to the opinions of others,and they lose thatfreedom and they do start to become embarrassed.但当他们学着长大，他们对别人的意见变得大为敏感，而失去了那个自由，也开始变得难为情。02:49And in studies of kids playing,it?s been

11、 shown time aftertime,that kids who feel secure,who are in a kind of trusted研究游戏中的儿童，已经一次次 证明了只要孩子们觉得安心、是在一种信赖的环境里，他们就越觉得能尽兴去玩。03:00TED演讲者：Tim Brown|提姆?布朗演讲标题：The powerful link between creativity and play|谈创造力与游戏内容概要：Tim Brown is the CEO of the innovation and design firm IDEO-taking an approachto de

12、sign that digs deeper than the surface.在 2008 年的认真的游戏研讨会中，设计师 Tim Brown 演说创造力和游戏的密切关系 许多例子你在家里自己试(但有一个你最好不要)。time,that kids who feel secure,who are in a kind of trustedenvironment,they?re the ones that feel most free to play.觉得能尽兴去玩。03:00And if you?re starting a design firm,let?s say,then youprobabl

13、y also want to create,you know,a place wherepeople have the same kind of security.例如说，你计划要成立一家设计公司，你因此可能也要规划一个地方 让人感到有安全感。03:16Where they have the same kind of security to take risks.那里他有敢去冒险的安全感。03:26Maybe have the same kind of security to play.也许有敢去游戏的安全感。03:29conservative:adj.保守的/n.保守派,守旧者 master

14、piece:n.杰作;绝无仅有的人Before founding IDEO,David said that what he wanted to dowas to form a company where all the employees are my bestfriends.创立 IDEO 之前，大卫说他想做的是 组一家员工全是他的好朋友的公司。03:33Now,that wasn?t just self-indulgence.那并不是只自我陶醉。03:44He knew that friendship is a short cut to play.他知道，友谊是游戏的关键。03:47And

15、 he knew that it gives us a sense of trust,and it allows usthen to take the kind of creative risks that we need to take asa designer.他知道，那给我们信赖感，也容许我们去冒创意风险 就是设计师都要冒的风险。03:53And so that kind of decision to work with his friends-nowhe has 550 of them-was what got IDEO started.所以那种想和朋友一起工作的决定 如今他有550

16、位 是 IDEO 的缘起。04:04And our studios,like,I think,many creative workplacestoday,are designed to help people feel relaxed.而我们的工作室，像今天的许多创意工作区一样，其设计是要帮助人们觉得放松。04:15Familiar with their surroundings,comfortable with thepeople that they?re working with.熟悉他们的周遭，自在地与同事一起工作。04:22It takes more than decor,but I

17、think we?ve all seen that,you know,creative companies do often have symbols in theworkplace that remind people to be playful,and that it?s apermissive environment.它不只是装潢，我想你们都知道，创意公司往往在工作区都有个?象征?可以提醒人要敢玩，以及那是个容许放肆的环境。04:29self-indulgence:n.放纵;任性 a short cut:捷径 studios:n.工作室(studio的复数)workplaces:n.管理

18、工作场所(workplace的复数)Familiar with:熟悉 surroundings:n.环境;周围的事物 decor:n.装饰,布置 workplace:n.工作场所;车间 playful:adj.开玩笑的;幽默的;爱嬉戏的 permissive:adj.许可的;自由的;宽容的;(两性关系)放纵的So whether it?s this microbus meeting room that we havein one our buildings at IDEO,or at Pixar where the animatorswork in wooden huts and decora

19、ted caves.因此不论是这个箱型车会议室 就在 IDEO 的一栋大楼里，或在匹克萨，动画师们在木屋及装饰的洞穴里工作。04:43Or at the Googleplex where,you know,it?s famous for itsvolley beach ball courts,and even this massive dinosaurskeleton with pink flamingos on it.或在谷歌城，你知道的，它有名的是沙滩排球场，以及这个巨大的恐龙骨骼及上面的红鹤。04:53Don?t know the reason for the pink flamingo

20、s,but anyway,they?re there in the garden.不懂红鹤的理由是什么，但是总之，它们就在庭院里。05:00Or even in the Swiss office of Google,which perhaps has themost wacky ideas of all.或者，甚至瑞士的谷歌办公室，这里有或许是最搞怪的点子。05:04And my theory is that?s so the Swiss can prove to theirCalifornian colleagues that they?re not boring.我的理论是这样的：瑞士可以

21、证明给 加州同事们说，他们不会无聊。05:08So they have the slide,and they even have a fireman?spole.他们有滑梯，他们甚至有消防队的钢管。05:13Don?t know what they do with that,but they have one.不知他们拿那个做什么，但他们就是有。05:16So all of these places,you know,have these symbols.因此,所有这些地方都有这些?象征?。05:17microbus:n.中客车;微型客车;小型公共汽车 animators:n.动画家;赋予生气

22、者(animator的复数)huts:n.小屋;临时营房/vt.使住在小屋中;驻扎/vi.住在小屋中;驻扎 decorated:adj.装饰的,修饰的/v.装饰,修饰(decorate的过去式和过去分词形式)volley:n.齐射;齐射出的子弹;凌空状态/vt.截击;齐发;连声发出/vi.截击;齐鸣;进行群射 skeleton:n.骨架,骨骼;纲要;骨瘦如柴的人/adj.骨骼的;骨瘦如柴的;概略的 flamingos:n.火烈鸟;火鹤(flamingo的复数)wacky:adj.乖僻的,古怪的Now,our big symbol at IDEO is actually not so much

23、theplace,it?s a thing.而我们在 IDEO 的大?象征?，实际上 并不是个地点，而是件物品。05:20And it?s actually something that we invented a few yearsago,or created a few years ago.它实际上是我们几年前发明的东西，或几年前创造出来的。05:25So it?s a toy.And it?s called a finger blaster.那是个玩具，叫做 弹射镖。05:29www.XiYuS锡育软件And I forgot to bring one up with me.我忘了带一个

24、上来。05:32So if somebody can reach under that chair that?s next tothem,you?ll find something taped underneath it.谁可以到旁边那把椅子下，你可以找到就贴在座垫底下。05:34That?s great.If you could pass it up.Thanks,David,Iappreciate it.很好。请递给我。谢谢你大卫，感谢。05:39So this is a finger blaster,and you will find that every one ofyou has g

25、ot one taped under your chair.这就是弹射镖，你们都可以找到一个 贴在你的座垫下。05:42And I?m going to run a little experiment.Another little我要来个小实验。另一个小实验。05:49And I?m going to run a little experiment.Another littleexperiment.But before we start,I need just to put these on.但是开始前，我要戴上这个。05:53Thank you.All right.谢谢。好了。05:56No

26、w,what I?m going to do is,I?m going to see how-Ican?t see out of these,OK.现在，我要做的是：我要看如何 我看不到，好了。05:58I?m going to see how many of you at the back of the roomcan actually get those things onto the stage.我要看有多少位坐在房间后面的 可以把这些东西射上舞台。06:02blaster:n.导火线,爆裂药;爆破工 taped:n.录播,压胶/v.用带子捆扎;在磁带上记录(tape的过去分词)see

27、out:完成,贯彻So the way they work is,you know,you just put your finger inthe thing,pull them back,and off you go.使用方法是，你知道的，把手指套进去，向后拉，放开就射出了。06:06So,don?t look backwards.That?s my onlyrecommendation here.不要回头看。这是我唯一的建议。06:14So I want to see how many of you can get these things onthe stage.所以我要看有多少人能把它射

28、上舞台。06:19So come on!There we go,there we go.Thank you.Thank you.Oh.开始了！来吧、来吧。谢谢、谢谢。噢。06:21I have another idea.I wanted to-there we go.我有另一个想法。我要 来吧。06:24(Laughter)There we go.(笑声)来吧。06:27(Laughter)Thank you,thank you,thank you.(笑声)谢谢、谢谢、谢谢。06:32Not bad,not bad.No serious injuries so far.不错、不错。还没有严重伤

29、害。06:37(Laughter)Well,they?re still coming in from the back there;they?re still coming in.(笑声)嗯，它们继续从后方飞过来：继续飞过来。06:41Some of you haven?t fired them yet.有些人还没有发射。06:51Can you not figure out how to do it,or something?你不知如何射，或怎么了06:52It?s not that hard.Most of your kids figure out how to dothis in the

30、 first 10 seconds,when they pick it up.并不难的。大部分小孩都会射 拿到后十秒内就会了。06:54All right.This is pretty good;this is pretty good.好了。很好、很好。07:00on the stage:在舞台上;现阶段;当演员 injuries:n.伤害,伤痛(injury的复数);受伤Okay,all right.Let?s-I suppose wed better.好了。我想我们最好.07:02I better clear these up out of the way otherwise I?m go

31、ingto trip over them.我最好清理一下场地 否则我会踏到它们。07:08All right.So the rest of you can save them for when I saysomething particularly boring,and then you can fire at me.好。其他人可以留着它 如果我讲得特别无聊时，就拿来射我。07:11(Laughter)All right.I think I?m going to take these off now,because I can?t see a damn thing when I?ve-all

32、right,OK.(笑声)好了。我要把它脱下，因为我看不到东西 好了，好。07:17So,ah,that was fun.所以，啊，那真好玩。07:24(Laughter)All right,good.(笑声)好了，好。07:28(Applause)So,OK,so why?(鼓掌)所以，好，为什么？07:32So we have the finger blasters,other people have dinosaurs,you know.所以我们有弹射镖，其他人有恐龙，你知道的。07:36Why do we have them?Well,as I said,we have them be

33、causewe think maybe playfulness is important.为何我们要有它？嗯，我说过，我们有它，因为我们认为：好玩是重要的。07:39But why is it important?但是，为什么重要？07:45We use it in a pretty pragmatic way,to be honest.我们用它在实用上，老实说。07:47We think playfulness helps us get to better creative solutions.我们认为：好玩帮我们找到更有创意的解答。07:50out of the way:偏僻的;不同寻常的

34、;不挡道;把移开 blasters:n.导火线,爆裂药;爆破工 pragmatic:adj.实际的;实用主义的;国事的Helps us do our jobs better,and helps us feel better when wedo them.帮我们做得更好，当我们做事时，帮我们感觉更好。07:55Now,an adult encountering a new situation-when weencounter a new situation we have a tendency to want tocategorize it just as quickly as we can,y

35、ou know.现在，大人遇到了新的情况 当我们遇到新情况，我们倾向 要将它尽快归类。07:59And there?s a reason for that.We want to settle on ananswer.这是有道理的。我们想找个解答。08:09Life?s complicated.We want to figure out what?s goingon around us very quickly.生活是复杂的。我们要尽快 弄清楚四周的状况。08:15I suspect,actually,that the evolutionary biologists probablyhave l

36、ots of reasons why we want to categorize new thingsvery,very quickly.我猜，实际上演化论生物学者 或许有很多理由可说明为何 我们要尽快归类事情。08:19One of them might be,you know,when we see this funny其中一个理由也许是，当我们看到个怪条纹的东西，那是老虎要跳出来吃人吗？08:26One of them might be,you know,when we see this funnystripey thing,is that a tiger just about to j

37、ump out and killus?西，那是老虎要跳出来吃人吗？08:26Or is it just some weird shadows on the tree?或者只是树上的一些怪影？08:32We need to figure that out pretty fast.我们必须很快弄清楚。08:33Well,at least,we did once.嗯，至少我们做过一次。08:35encountering:遭遇/邂逅/特殊经历 categorize:vt.分类 settle on:选定;授与;停在 evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的 biologists:n.生物

38、学家(biologist的复数)stripey:adj.有条纹的Most of us don?t need to anymore,I suppose.我猜，我们大部分都不必再做。08:36This is some aluminum foil,right?You use it in the kitchen.这是铝箔，对吧？你在厨房里用它。08:38That?s what it is,isn?t it?Of course it is,of course it is.就是那样，不是吗？当然是的、当然是的。08:40Well,not necessarily.嗯，未必吧。08:43(Laughter)K

39、ids are more engaged with open possibilities.(笑声)小孩更愿意接受开放的可能性。08:45Now,they?ll certainly-when they come acrosssomething new,they?ll certainly ask,what is it?他们将必然 当他们遇到新的事情，他们将必然会问：这是什么？08:50Of course they will.But they?ll also ask,what can I do withit?当然他们会。但他们也会问：我能用它做什么？08:54And you know,the mor

40、e creative of them might get to areally,kind of,interesting example.而你知道，比较有创意的小孩 将会得到真正有趣的例子。08:57And this openness is the beginning of exploratory play.这种开放是探索游戏的开始。09:02Any parents of young kids in the audience?There must besome.观众中有人有小孩吗？一定是有的。09:07Yeah,thought so.So we?ve all seen it,haven?t we

41、?呀，想必如此。因此我们都看到了，不是吗？09:10We?ve all told stories about how on Christmas morning,you know,our kids end up playing with the boxes far morethan they play with the toys that are inside them.我们都说过在圣诞节早上的故事，孩子们竟然在玩纸箱，而不玩包在里面的玩具。09:13aluminum:n.铝 foil:vt.衬托;阻止,挡开;挫败;贴箔于/n.箔,金属薄片;衬托,烘托;叶形片 come across:v.偶遇;

42、无意中发现;讲得清楚明白;给人印象 openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真 exploratory:adj.勘探的;探究的;考察的And you know,from an exploration perspective,this behaviormakes complete sense.你知道的，从探索的角度看，这种行为是有道理的。09:21Because you can do a lot more with boxes than you can dowith a toy.因为箱子可以玩的方式比玩具多得多。09:27Even one like,say,Tickle Me Elmo,which,

43、despite itsingenuity,really only does one thing,whereas boxes offer aninfinite number of choices.举例而言：像?搔癢娃娃?，它虽有原创性，却只有一个用途，而箱子却有无限的选择。09:30So again,this is another one of those playful activities,that aswe get older,we tend to forget and we have to relearn.再一次，这又是一个好玩的活动，当我们长大后，我们倾向忘记，而要重新学习。09:43

44、So another one of Bob McKim?s favorite exercises is calledthe 30 Circles Test.因此，博布?马金的另一个喜爱的练习 叫做?30 圈测验?。09:50So we?re back to work.You guys are going to get back towork again.因此我们回来工作。你们都要回来工作。09:54Turn that piece of paper that you did the sketch on,backover,and you?ll find those 30 circles print

45、ed on the pieceof paper.把刚才画图的纸翻过来，背面印有 30 个圆圈。09:57So it should look like this.You should be looking atsomething like this.就是这样。你看到的就像这个。10:03So what I?m going to do,I?m going to give you minute,and I want you to adapt as many of those circles as you can,into objects of some form.我要做什么呢，我要给你一分钟，我要你

46、尽量利用这些圆圈，画成某些物品。10:05Tickle:vt.使发痒;使高兴;使满足/vi.觉得痒;(东西)使人发痒/n.胳肢;痒感;使人发痒,高兴的东西 ingenuity:n.心灵手巧,独创性;精巧;精巧的装置 relearn:vt.重学;再学习So for example,you could turn one into a football,or anotherone into a sun.All I?m interested in is quantity.例如，你可以把一个画成足球，或另一个画成太阳。我要的是数量。10:13I want you to do as many of the

47、m as you can,in the minutethat I?m just about to give you.我要你尽可能画越多越好，利用我将给你的一分钟。10:18So,everybody ready?OK?Off you go.准备好了吗？好吗？开始。10:24Okay.Put down your pencils,as they say.好了。请放下铅笔。10:42So,who got more than five circles figured out?谁画超过五个？10:46Hopefully everybody?More than 10?应该是每个人？超过 10 个？10:49

48、Keep your hands up if you did.10.如果画满 10 个的，请举手。10:5115?20?Anybody get all 30?15？20？有人画满 30 个？10:53No?Oh!Somebody did.Fantastic.没有？喔！有人做到了。好极了。10:56Did anybody to a variation on a theme?Like a smiley face?有人用同一主题去变化吗？如笑脸？10:59Happy face?Sad face?Sleepy face?Anybody do that?快乐脸？悲伤脸？瞌睡脸？有人吗？11:04Anybo

49、dy use my examples?The sun and the football?有人用我的例子吗？太阳、足球？11:09Great.Cool.So I was really interested in quantity.很好。酷。我要的是数量。11:13I wasn?t actually very interested in whether they were alldifferent.实际上我不在意它们是否都差别很大。11:17the minute:一就 Put down:镇压;记下;贬低;制止 pencils:n.轻铅笔 smiley:n.微笑符(等于smily)/adj.微笑的;

50、引起微笑的I just wanted you to fill in as many circles as possible.我只是要你们尽量使用圆圈。11:20And one of the things we tend to do as adults,again,is weedit things.大人的另一个倾向，会去编辑东西。11:23We stop ourselves from doing things.我们停住自己，不再去做。11:28We self-edit as we?re having ideas.我们一有想法就自我编辑它。11:29And some cases.our desir